International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Irrigação intranasal: avaliação dos efeitos do uso de soluções hidroeletrolíticas na mucosa de ratos Nasal irrigation: effects of hydroelectrolytic solutions on rats mucosa

A irrrigação intranasal tem grande importância como terapia adjuvante de doenças nasossinusais. Entretanto, faltam estudos que avaliem as alterações histológicas que as diferentes soluções utilizadas podem causar na mucosa do nariz. OBJETIVO: Analisar os aspectos histológicos da mucosa nasal de ratos após irrigação local com diferentes soluções hidroeletrolíticas. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 120 ratos Wistar foram divididos igualmente em 4 grupos. O grupo número 1 recebeu solução salina a 0,9%. Os grupos 2 e 3 receberam soluções contendo Cloreto de Sódio associado a Cloreto de Potássio e Glicose, em diferentes concentrações. O grupo 4 foi o grupo controle. Duas vezes ao dia, 0,1ml (2 gotas) das soluções foram aplicados na narina esquerda dos ratos, através de uma seringa. Metade dos animais de cada grupo foi sacrificado após a primeira semana e a metade restante após a quarta semana de tratamento. Os fragmentos de mucosa obtidos foram processados e estudados em microscopia óptica, utilizando a hematoxilina e eosina. RESULTADOS: Pôde-se observar que a infiltração de células inflamatórias foi estatisticamente mais intensa no grupo 2, em 1 e 4 semanas de administração das soluções (p<0,05), quando comparada ao grupo controle. A formação de glândulas intraepiteliais foi estatisticamente mais evidente no grupo 1, quando comparada aos grupos 3 e 4 (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A solução salina hipertônica testada causou a menor reação tecidual na mucosa nasal de ratos quando comparada ao grupo controle. Não foram encontradas vantagens na utilização da solução salina a 0,9% em comparação com o uso das demais soluções em estudo.<br>Nasal irrigation is an important adjuvant therapy for nasosinusis diseases. Many hydroelectrolytic solutions have been used for it, but studies are lacking to analyze the histological reactions they may cause to the nasal mucosa. PURPOSE: to examine the histological patterns in nasal mucosa after application of three different hydroelectrolytic solutions. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 120 Wistar rats were equally divided into four groups. Group number 1 received a 0.9% saline solution. Group's number 2 and 3 received solutions composed by Sodium Chloride, associated to Potassium Chloride and Glucose in different concentrations. Group 4 was the control group. Twice a day, 0.1ml (2 drops) of the solutions were applied to the rats left nostril, using a bulb syringe. Half of the rats of each group were sacrificed after 1 week and the rest after 4 weeks of nasal irrigation. The collected nasal septal mucosa was studied on H&E stain, under optic microscopy. RESULTS: Inflammatory cell infiltration was statistically more intense for the group 2, in both 1 and 4 weeks of drug administration (p<0,05), when compared to the control group. Intraepithelial glandular formation was statistically more evident in the group 1, when compared to the groups 3 and 4 (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: The hypertonic hydroelectrolytic solution tested caused the lowest tissue reaction on rats' nasal mucosa when compared with the control group. No advantages were found in using 0,9% saline solution in comparison with the others solutions tested

Measures of Health-related Quality of Life for Adults with Acute Sinusitis: A Systematic Review

CONTEXT: Symptoms suggestive of acute sinusitis are a common reason for patients to visit primary care providers. Since objective measures of outcome have not been shown to be related to patient reported outcomes, measures of treatment success have focused on symptom relief and improved health-related quality of life (HRQL). Assessing the appropriate role of treatment — for example, antibiotics for patients with acute sinusitis — requires valid, reliable, and responsive measures of outcome. We identified symptom scores and HRQL instruments for adults with sinusitis and assessed their performance characteristics. DATA SOURCES: Articles identified through computer searches of the medline, premedline, and embase databases, the Cochrane Library, and internet documents; inquiries to experts in sinusitis and outcomes assessment; and review of reference lists. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that used HRQL instruments or evaluated the performance characteristics of symptom scores in adults with sinusitis, published in English after 1966. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data on study design, setting, and patient characteristics; instrument length and format; and instrument validity, reliability, responsiveness to change, and interpretability. Study quality was assessed using a 10-point score. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 1,340 articles in the original search, 29 articles using 16 HRQL instruments and 5 symptoms scores met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall quality of these studies was low; only 4 studies scored higher than 4 of 10 points. Four studies included patients with acute sinusitis, but only 2 included exclusively acute sinusitis patients. Three instruments have been shown to meet basic requirements for validity, reliability, and responsiveness: the Chronic Sinusitis Survey, the Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measure-31, and the Sinonasal Outcome Test-16. No instrument has been validated in a primary care setting or for patients with acute sinusitis. CONCLUSIONS: Few validated measures of sinusitis-specific HRQL are available. The 3 instruments shown to be valid, reliable, and responsive have been assessed in patients with chronic sinusitis. No measure has been validated in primary care settings or for patients with acute sinusitis. A lack of valid, responsive outcome measures may limit current treatment recommendations for patients with acute sinusitis