Employment of conventional and flash pyrolysis for biomass wastes from the textile industry with sustainable prospects

Producción CientíficaThe textile industry generates millions of tons of waste annually, making this sector one of the most polluting in the world. The objective of this research was to study the energy potential of three industrial textile wastes of vegetable and animal origin: CW (card waste), SFW (short fibre waste) and W (wool), using conventional and flash pyrolysis at 500 °C and 750 °C. CW and SFW thermogravimetric profiles were very different from W. In general, the bio-oil yield was higher in the conventional and in the low-temperature flash pyrolysis (up to 55 %). The gas obtained by flash pyrolysis at 750 °C has higher flue gas content and lower CO2 content so their high heating value (HHV) is higher (up to 15.34 MJ/kg). Bio-oils obtained by flash pyrolysis at high temperature stood out for their higher HHV (>30 MJ/kg), with the highest value (34.15 MJ/kg) obtained from SFW waste. Both low temperature flash pyrolysis and conventional pyrolysis produce bio-oils that contain aromatic (35–48 %) and non-aromatic (18–34 %) organic compounds. Additionally, they have high levels of phenols and benzenes. High-temperature flash pyrolysis bio-oils are mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The textile samples are suitable for an energetic valorisation, highlighting the best SWF behaviour.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) grant JAE INTRO ICU SCHOLARSHIP 2019 [Ref. JAEICU-19-INCAR-15]Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and (UE) projects (PDC2022-133394-I00) and (PID2021-124347OB-I00

Plan de mitigación del riesgo sísmico para la mejora del desempeño estructural de las edificaciones informales

Debido al alto porcentaje de informalidad constructiva en el Perú, existe una gran de cantidad de edificaciones informales que presentan altos índices de vulnerabilidad, esto es preocupante, ya que estas edificaciones tienen grandes probabilidades de colapsar ante la ocurrencia de evento sísmico. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo de investigación propone plantear un plan de mitigación sísmica para mejorar el desempeño estructural de las edificaciones informales ante la ocurrencia de un sismo. El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en el distrito de San Juan de Miraflores en el sector de Pamplona Alta, se identificó el índice de vulnerabilidad de 383 edificaciones mediante el método de Benedetti y Petrini y con el método de CENEPRED, se comprobó que el 80% de las edificaciones tienen índices de vulnerabilidad entre alto y muy alto. Debido al alto índice de vulnerabilidad de las edificaciones se simuló un evento sísmico severo y se comprobó que el 71.27% de las edificaciones sufrirán colapso parcial o colapso total y el resto de edificaciones tendrán daños estructurales severos, con el fin de mitigar estos daños, se proponen reforzamientos estructurales a las edificaciones más vulnerables y se comprueba la mejora de su desempeño estructural. Con respecto al plan de mitigación del riesgo sísmico, este se basa en identificar el índice de vulnerabilidad, identificar el índice de daño, notificar, concientizar, evaluar la condición de la edificación y definir reforzamientos estructurales.Tesi

Remote sensing for the Spanish forests in the 21st century: a review of advances, needs, and opportunities

[EN] Forest ecosystems provide a host of services and societal benefits, including carbon storage, habitat for fauna, recreation, and provision of wood or non-wood products. In a context of complex demands on forest resources, identifying priorities for biodiversity and carbon budgets require accurate tools with sufficient temporal frequency. Moreover, understanding long term forest dynamics is necessary for sustainable planning and management. Remote sensing (RS) is a powerful means for analysis, synthesis and report, providing insights and contributing to inform decisions upon forest ecosystems. In this communication we review current applications of RS techniques in Spanish forests, examining possible trends, needs, and opportunities offered by RS in a forestry context. Currently, wall-to-wall optical and LiDAR data are extensively used for a wide range of applications—many times in combination—whilst radar or hyperspectral data are rarely used in the analysis of Spanish forests. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) carrying visible and infrared sensors are gaining ground in acquisition of data locally and at small scale, particularly for health assessments. Forest fire identification and characterization are prevalent applications at the landscape scale, whereas structural assessments are the most widespread analyses carried out at limited extents. Unparalleled opportunities are offered by the availability of diverse RS data like those provided by the European Copernicus programme and recent satellite LiDAR launches, processing capacity, and synergies with other ancillary sources to produce information of our forests. Overall, we live in times of unprecedented opportunities for monitoring forest ecosystems with a growing support from RS technologies.SIPart of this work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University through the project AGL2016-76769-C2-1-R “Influence of natural disturbance regimes and management on forests dynamics, structure and carbon balance (FORESTCHANGE)”

Remote sensing for the Spanish forests in the 21st century: a review of advances, needs, and opportunities

[EN] Forest ecosystems provide a host of services and societal benefits, including carbon storage, habitat for fauna, recreation, and provision of wood or non-wood products. In a context of complex demands on forest resources, identifying priorities for biodiversity and carbon budgets require accurate tools with sufficient temporal frequency. Moreover, understanding long term forest dynamics is necessary for sustainable planning and management. Remote sensing (RS) is a powerful means for analysis, synthesis, and report, providing insights and contributing to inform decisions upon forest ecosystems. In this communication we review current applications of RS techniques in Spanish forests, examining possible trends, needs, and opportunities offered by RS in a forestry context. Currently, wall-to-wall optical and LiDAR data are extensively used for a wide range of applications-many times in combination-whilst radar or hyperspectral data are rarely used in the analysis of Spanish forests. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) carrying visible and infrared sensors are gaining ground in acquisition of data locally and at small scale, particularly for health assessments. Forest fire identification and characterization are prevalent applications at the landscape scale, whereas structural assessments are the most widespread analyses carried out at limited extents. Unparalleled opportunities are offered by the availability of diverse RS data like those provided by the European Copernicus programme and recent satellite LiDAR launches, processing capacity, and synergies with other ancillary sources to produce information of our forests. Overall, we live in times of unprecedented opportunities for monitoring forest ecosystems with a growing support from RS technologies.Part of this work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation and University through the project AGL2016-76769-C2-1-R "Influence of natural disturbance regimes and management on forests dynamics. structure and carbon balance (FORESTCHANGE)".Gómez, C.; Alejandro, P.; Hermosilla, T.; Montes, F.; Pascual, C.; Ruiz Fernández, LÁ.; Álvarez-Taboada, F.... (2019). Remote sensing for the Spanish forests in the 21st century: a review of advances, needs, and opportunities. Forest Systems. 28(1):1-33. https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2019281-14221S133281Ungar S, Pearlman J, Mendenhall J, Reuter D, 2003. Overview of the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) mission. IEEE T Geosci Remote 41: 1149−1159.Valbuena R, Mauro F, Arjonilla FJ, Manzanera JA, 2011. Comparing Airborne Laser Scanning-Imagery Fusion Methods Based on Geometric Accuracy in Forested Areas. Remote Sens Environ 115(8): 1942-1956.Valbuena R, Mauro F, Rodríguez-Solano R, Manzanera JA, 2012. Partial Least Squares for Discriminating Variance Components in GNSS Accuracy Obtained Under Scots Pine Canopies. Forest Sci 58(2): 139-153.Valbuena R, De Blas A, Martín Fernández S, Maltamo M, Nabuurs GJ, Manzanera JA, 2013a. Within-Species Benefits of Back-projecting Laser Scanner and Multispectral Sensors in Monospecific P. sylvestris Forests. Eur J Remote Sens 46: 401-416.Valbuena R, Maltamo M, Martín-Fernández S, Packalen P, Pascual C, Nabuurs G-J, 2013b. Patterns of covariance between airborne laser scanning metrics and Lorenz curve descriptors of tree size inequality. Can J Remote Sens 39(1): 18-31.Valbuena R, Packalen P, García-Abril A, Mehtätalo L, Maltamo M, 2013c. Characterizing Forest Structural Types and Shelterwood Dynamics from Lorenz-based Indicators Predicted by Airborne Laser Scanning. Can J For Res 43: 1063-1074.Valbuena R, Maltamo M, Packalen P, 2016a. Classification of Multi-Layered Forest Development Classes from Low-Density National Airborne LiDAR Datasets. Forestry 89: 392-341.Valbuena R, Maltamo M, Packalen P, 2016b. Classification of Forest Development Stages from National Low-Density LiDAR Datasets: a Comparison of Machine Learning Methods. Revista de Teledetección 45: 15-25.Valbuena R, Hernando A, Manzanera JA, Martínez-Falero E, García-Abril A, Mola-Yudego B, 2017a. Most Similar Neighbour Imputation of Forest Attributes Using Metrics Derived from Combined Airborne LIDAR and Multispectral Sensors. Int J Digit Earth 11 (12): 1205-1218.Valbuena R, Hernando A, Manzanera JA, Görgens EB, Almeida DRA, Mauro F, García-Abril A, Coomes DA, 2017b. Enhancing of accuracy assessment for forest above-ground biomass estimates obtained from remote sensing via hypothesis testing and overfitting evaluation. Eco Mod 622: 15-26.Valbuena-Rabadán M, Santamaría-Pe-a J, Sanz-Adán F, 2016. Estimation of diameter and height of individual trees for Pinus sylvestris L. based on the individualising of crowns using airborne LiDAR and the National Forest Inventory data. For Sys 25(1): e046Varo-Martínez MA, Navarro-Cerrillo RM, Hernández-Clemente R, Duque-Lazo J, 2017. Semi-automated stand delineation in Mediterranean Pinus sylvestris plantations through segmentation of LiDAR data: The influence of pulse density. Int J Appl Earth Obs 56: 54-64.Vázquez de la Cueva A, 2008. Structural attributes of three forest types in central Spain and Landsat ETM+ information evaluated with redundancy analysis. Int J Remote Sens 29: 5657-5676.Verdú F, Salas J, 2010. Cartografía de áreas quemadas mediante análisis visual de imágenes de satélite en la Espa-a peninsular para el periodo 1991–2005. Geofocus 10: 54–81.Viana-Soto A, Aguado I, Martínez S, 2017. Assessment of post-fire vegetation recovery using fire severity and geographical data in the Mediterranean region (Spain). Environments 4: 90.Vicente-Serrano SG, Pérez-Cabello F, Lasanta T, 2011. Pinus halepensis regeneration after a wildfire in a semiarid environment: assessment using multitemporal Landsat images. Int J Wildland Fire 20Ñ 195-208.Viedma O, Quesada J, Torres I, De Santis A, Moreno JM, 2015. Fire severity in a large fire in a Pinus pinaster forest is highly predictable from burning conditions, stand structure, and topography. Ecosystems 18: 237-250.Yebra M, Chuvieco E, 2009. Generation of a species-specific look-up table for fuel moisture content assessment. IEEE J Selected topics in applied earth observation and RS 2 (1): 21-26.White JC, Wulder MA, Varhola A, Vastaranta M, Coops NC, Cook BD, Pitt D, Woods M, 2013. A best practices guide for generating forest inventory attributes from airborne laser scanning data using an area-based approach. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Victoria, BC. Information Report FI-X-010, 39 pp.White JC, Wulder MA, Hobart GW, Luther JE, Hermosilla T, Griffiths P, Coops NC, Hall RJ, Hostert P, Dyk A, Guindon L, 2014. Pixel-based image compositing for large-area dense time series applications and science. Can J Remote Sens 40 (3): 192-212.White JC, Coops NC, Wulder MA, Vastaranta M, Hilker T, Tompalski P, 2016. Remote sensing technologies for enhancing forest inventories: a review. Can J Remote Sens 42: 619-641.White JC, Wulder MA, Hermosilla T, Coops NC, Hobart GW, 2017. A nationwide characterization of 25 years of forest disturbance and recovery for Canada using Landsat time series. Remote Sens Environ 194: 303-321.Wulder MA, 1998. Optical remote-sensing techniques for the assessment of forest inventory and biophysical parameters. Progr Phys Geog 22 (4): 449-476.Wulder MA, Dymond CC, 2004. Remote sensing in survey of Mountain Pine impacts: review and recommendations. MPBI Report. Canadian Forest Service. Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. 89 pp.Wulder MA, Masek JG, Cohen WB, Loveland TR, Woodcock CE, 2012. Opening the archive: how free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat. Remote Sens Environ 122: 2-10.Wulder MA, Hilker T, White JC, Coops NC, Masek JG, Pflugmacher D, Crevier Y, 2015. Virtual constellations for global terrestrial monitoring. Remote Sens Environ 170: 62-76.Wulder MA, White JC, Loveland TR, Woodcock CE, Belward AS, Cohen WB, Fosnight EA, Shaw J, Masek JG, Roy DP, 2016. The global Landsat archive: Status, consolidation, and direction. Remote Sens Environ 185: 271-283.Xie Q, Zhu J, Wang Ch, Fu H, López-Sánchez JM, Ballester-Berman JD, 2017. A modified dual-baseline PolInSAR method for forest height estimation. Remote Sens-Basel 9 (8): 819.Xie Y, Sha Z, Yu M, 2008. Remote sensing imagery in vegetation mapping: a review. J Plant Ecol 1 (1): 9-23.Zald HSJ, Wulder MA, White JC, Hilker T, Hermosilla T, Hobart GW, Coops NC, 2016. Integrating Landsat pixel composites and change metrics with LiDAR plots to predictively map forest structure and aboveground biomass in Saskatchewan, Canada. Remote Sens Environ 176: 188-201.Zarco-Tejada PJ, Diaz-Varela R, Angileri V, Loudjani P, 2014. Tree height quantification using very high resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and automatic 3D photo-reconstruction methods. Eur J Agron 55: 89-99.Zarco-Tejada PJ, Hornero A, Hernández-Clemente R, Beck PSA, 2018. Understanding the temporal dimension of the red-edge spectral region for forest decline detection using high-resolution hyperspectral and Sentinel-2A imagery. ISPRS J Photogramm 137: 134-148

Pregnancy control in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome. Part 2: Pregnancy follow-up

Objective: In order to agree on the fundamental aspects related to the management of pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), the Spanish Societies of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Internal Medicine and Rheumatology set up a working group for the preparation of three consensus documents. Methods: Each of the Scientific Societies involved proposed five representatives based on their experience in the field of pregnancy control in patients with autoimmune diseases. The recommendations were developed following the Delphi methodology. Results: This second document contains the recommendations regarding the management of pregnancy in women with SLE and APS, including complications such as lupus activity, congenital heart block, thrombotic and obstetric manifestations of APS and placental vascular disease. Conclusions: These multidisciplinary recommendations are considered decision-making tools for clinicians involved in the care of patients with SLE/APS during pregnancy.Objetivo: Las sociedades españolas de ginecología y obstetricia, de medicina interna y de reumatología han constituido un grupo de trabajo paritario para la elaboración de 3 documentos de consenso sobre el control del embarazo en mujeres con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF).Métodos: Cada una de las sociedades científicas implicadas propuso 5 representantes en base a su experiencia en el área del control del embarazo en pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes. Las recomendaciones se elaboraron siguiendo la metodología Delphi. Resultados: En este segundo documento se incluyen las recomendaciones que abordan el manejo del embarazo normal y sus complicaciones en mujeres con LES/SAF. Se presentan las recomendaciones relacionadas con el seguimiento del embarazo, la actividad lúpica, el bloqueo cardíaco congénito, las manifestaciones trombóticas y obstétricas del SAF y los defectos de placentación. Conclusiones: Estas recomendaciones multidisciplinares se consideran herramientas en la toma de decisiones para los clínicos involucrados en la asistencia a pacientes con LES/SAF durante el embarazo

The impact of glucocorticoids and anti-cd20 therapy on cervical human papillomavirus infection risk in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with cervical human papillomavirus infection in women with systemic lupus erythematosus METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected traditional and systemic lupus erythematosus-related disease risk factors, including conventional and biologic therapies. A gynecological evaluation and cervical cytology screen were performed. Human papillomavirus detection and genotyping were undertaken by PCR and linear array assay. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients were included, with a mean age and disease duration of 42.5±11.8 years and 9.7±5.3 years, respectively. The prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesions was 6.8%. The prevalence of human papillomavirus infection was 29%, with human papillomavirus subtype 59 being the most frequent. Patients with human papillomavirus were younger than those without the infection (38.2±11.2 vs. 44.2±11.5 years, respectively; p = 0.05), and patients with the virus had higher daily prednisone doses (12.8±6.8 vs. 9.7±6.7 mg, respectively; p = 0.01) and cumulative glucocorticoid doses (14.2±9.8 vs. 9.7±7.3 g, respectively; p = 0.005) compared with patients without. Patients with human papillomavirus infection more frequently received rituximab than those without (20.9% vs. 8.5%, respectively; p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, only the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was associated with human papillomavirus infection. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative glucocorticoid dose may increase the risk of human papillomavirus infection. Although rituximab administration was more frequent in patients with human papillomavirus infection, no association was found. Screening for human papillomavirus infection is recommended in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Modelización de la probabilidad espacial de ocurrencia de incendios forestales por rayo en la provincia de León.

Los incendios forestales son el principal agente perturbador y destructor del medio natural en la provincia de León. De ellos los originados por rayos, pese a representar globalmente un porcentaje relativamente bajo con recpecto al total de los que se producen en la provincia, en determinados años suponen más de un 20 % de la superficie total quemada. En este trabajo se elaboró un modelo que permite estimar la probabilidad espacial de ocurrencia de incendios forestales por rayo en la provincia de León. La función utilizada para modelizar dicha probabilidad fue la función logística, considerando como variable dependiente la presencia /ausencia de al menos un incendio causado por rayo en una cuadrícula de 9 km2 en el periodo 2002-200

Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Background: The role of vitamin D status in COVID-19 patients is a matter of debate. Objectives: To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to analyze the possible influence of vitamin D status on disease severity. Methods: Retrospective case-control study of 216 COVID-19 patients and 197 population-based controls. Serum 25OHD levels were measured in both groups. The association of serum 25OHD levels with COVID-19 severity (admission to the intensive care unit, requirements for mechanical ventilation, or mortality) was also evaluated. Results: Of the 216 patients, 19 were on vitamin D supplements and were analyzed separately. In COVID-19 patients, mean ± standard deviation 25OHD levels were 13.8 ± 7.2 ng/mL, compared with 20.9 ± 7.4 ng/mL in controls (P < .0001). 25OHD values were lower in men than in women. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 82.2% of COVID-19 cases and 47.2% of population-based controls (P < .0001). 25OHD inversely correlates with serum ferritin (P = .013) and D-dimer levels (P = .027). Vitamin D-deficient COVID-19 patients had a greater prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, raised serum ferritin and troponin levels, as well as a longer length of hospital stay than those with serum 25OHD levels ?20 ng/mL. No causal relationship was found between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity as a combined endpoint or as its separate components. Conclusions: 25OHD levels are lower in hospitalized COVID-19 patients than in population-based controls and these patients had a higher prevalence of deficiency. We did not find any relationship between vitamin D concentrations or vitamin deficiency and the severity of the disease.The Camargo Cohort Study was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/00762), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain, which included FEDER funds from the EU

Pregnancy Control in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Part 1: Infertility, Ovarian Preservation and Preconception Assessment. Consensus Document of the Spanish Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SEGO), the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER)

Objetivo: El embarazo y el puerperio se consideran una situación de riesgo en mujeres con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF). Es esencial que especialistas en enfermedades autoinmunes y en embarazo de alto riesgo intervengan en su seguimiento de forma coordinada. La Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia, la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, y la Sociedad Española de Reumatología han constituido un grupo de trabajo paritario para la elaboración de 3 documentos de consenso. Métodos: Las fases del trabajo fueron: distribución del trabajo en grupos correspondientes a los 3 períodos relacionados con la gestación, identificación de áreas clave, revisión de la literatura y formulación de recomendaciones. Resultados: En este primer documento se incluyen las primeras 48 recomendaciones que tratan aspectos relacionados con la infertilidad, la necesidad y los tratamientos de preservación gonadal y la valoración preconcepcional. Conclusiones: Estas recomendaciones multidisciplinares se consideran herramientas en la toma de decisiones para los clínicos involucrados en la asistencia a pacientes con LES/SAF durante el embarazo

Nuevos recursos didácticos en Prehistoria y Arqueología a través de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación

Este proyecto desarrolla herramientas de contenido didáctico relacionadas con el Departamento de Prehistoria. El Grado de Arqueología que imparte su profesorado facilita métodos pedagógicos de calidad y otras metodologías multimedia