150 research outputs found
The effect of parental wealth on childrenâs outcomes in early adulthood
Using data from the British Household Panel Survey we show that parental wealth has a positive association with a range of outcomes in early adulthood. The outcome that exhibits the strongest association with parental wealth is higher educational attainment. This association is mainly concentrated at the lower half of the distribution and remains strong after controlling for a wide range confounding family characteristics. Parental wealth also has a positive relationship with childrenâs employment probability and earnings, although the gradient for both outcomes is rather weak and largely mediated by childrenâs education. A potential driver of the small size of the latter effects is the young age of the sample
Composition of dissolved organic matter within a lacustrine environment
Freshwater dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of chemical components that are central to many environmental processes, including carbon and nitrogen cycling. However, questions remain as to its chemical characteristics, sources and transformation mechanisms. Here, we employ 1- and 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to investigate the structural components of lacustrine DOM from Ireland, and how it varies within a lake system, as well as to assess potential sources. Major components found, such as carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) are consistent with those recently identified in marine and freshwater DOM. Lignin-type markers and protein/peptides were identified and vary spatially. Phenylalanine was detected in lake areas influenced by agriculture, whereas it is not detectable where zebra mussels are prominent. The presence of peptidoglycan, lipoproteins, large polymeric carbo- hydrates and proteinaceous material supports the substantial contribution of material derived from microorganisms. Evidence is provided that peptidoglycan and silicate species may in part originate from soil microbes
ĐŃŃĐœĐșĐ° ĐŸĐœĐŸĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐœĐžŃ Đ·Đ°ŃĐŸĐ±ŃĐČ Đ·Đ° ŃĐ°Ń ŃĐœĐŸĐș ĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžĐșĐŸĐČĐžŃ ĐșĐŸŃŃŃĐČ
ĐĐœĐŸĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐœĐžŃ
Đ·Đ°ŃĐŸĐ±ŃĐČ Ń Đ°ĐșŃŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒĐŸŃ ŃŃĐŸĐłĐŸĐŽĐ”ĐœĐœŃ. ĐĐ»Ń Đ±Đ°ĐłĐ°ŃŃĐŸŃ
ĐżŃĐŽĐżŃĐžŃĐŒŃŃĐČ ĐșŃДЎОŃĐž Đ±Đ°ĐœĐșŃĐČ Ń ŃĐž ĐœĐ” ŃĐŽĐžĐœĐžĐŒ ЎжДŃĐ”Đ»ĐŸĐŒ ĐșĐŸŃŃŃĐČ ĐœĐ° ĐŒĐŸĐŽĐ”ŃĐœŃĐ·Đ°ŃŃŃ ĐČĐžŃĐŸĐ±ĐœĐžŃĐžŃ
ĐżĐŸŃŃĐ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč. Đ ĐŽĐ°ĐœŃĐč ŃŃĐ°ŃŃŃ ĐœĐ°ĐŒĐž бŃлО ŃĐŸĐ·ĐłĐ»ŃĐœŃŃŃ ĐŒĐŸĐ¶Đ»ĐžĐČĐŸŃŃŃ Ń ĐżĐ”ŃŃпДĐșŃĐžĐČĐž ĐżŃĐžĐČĐ°ŃĐœĐžŃ
ŃŃŃĐŒ ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐČĐžĐșĐŸŃĐžŃŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃ Đ· ŃŃŃŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸŃ ĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžĐșĐŸĐČĐžŃ
Đ·Đ°ŃĐŸĐ±ŃĐČ, ĐŸŃŃĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ŃŃŃĐżŃĐœŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ·ĐŸŃĐŸŃŃŃ Đ±Đ°ĐœĐșŃĐČŃŃĐșĐžŃ
ŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČ, ŃŃŃĐœŃ ŃŃĐ°ĐČĐșĐž Đ·Đ° ŃĐœĐČĐ”ŃŃĐžŃŃĐčĐœĐžĐŒĐž ĐșŃДЎОŃĐ°ĐŒĐž ŃĐ° ŃĐœŃŃ ŃĐŒĐŸĐČĐž ŃŃ
ĐœŃĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐœĐ°ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃ.Modernizing of the basic assets is a topical problem of the present. For many business firms bank loans are may be the only source of funds for renewal of production facilities. In the article we have considered the opportunities and prospects for use of borrowed funds by private firms for this purpose, rated the degree of transparency of banking institutions, the annual rates of investment credits and other conditions of their granting
Relapse according to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenic patients: a propensity-adjusted analysis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To compare the rate of relapse as a function of antipsychotic treatment (monotherapy vs. polypharmacy) in schizophrenic patients over a 2-year period.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using data from a multicenter cohort study conducted in France, we performed a propensity-adjusted analysis to examine the association between the rate of relapse over a 2-year period and antipsychotic treatment (monotherapy vs. polypharmacy).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our sample consisted in 183 patients; 50 patients (27.3%) had at least one period of relapse and 133 had no relapse (72.7%). Thirty-eight (37.7) percent of the patients received polypharmacy. The most severely ill patients were given polypharmacy: the age at onset of illness was lower in the polypharmacy group (p = 0.03). Patients that received polypharmacy also presented a higher general psychopathology PANSS subscore (p = 0.04) but no statistically significant difference was found in the PANSS total score or the PANSS positive or negative subscales. These patients were more likely to be given prescriptions for sedative drugs (p < 0.01) and antidepressant medications (p = 0.03). Relapse was found in 23.7% of patients given monotherapy and 33.3% given polypharmacy (p = 0.16). After stratification according to quintiles of the propensity score, which eliminated all significant differences for baseline characteristics, antipsychotic polypharmacy was not statistically associated with an increase of relapse: HR = 1.686 (0.812; 2.505).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>After propensity score adjustment, antipsychotic polypharmacy is not statistically associated to an increase of relapse. Future randomised studies are needed to assess the impact of antipsychotic polypharmacy in schizophrenia.</p
An overview of tissue engineering approaches for management of spinal cord injuries
Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to devastating neurological deficits and disabilities, which necessitates spending a great deal of health budget for psychological and healthcare problems of these patients and their relatives. This justifies the cost of research into the new modalities for treatment of spinal cord injuries, even in developing countries. Apart from surgical management and nerve grafting, several other approaches have been adopted for management of this condition including pharmacologic and gene therapy, cell therapy, and use of different cell-free or cell-seeded bioscaffolds. In current paper, the recent developments for therapeutic delivery of stem and non-stem cells to the site of injury, and application of cell-free and cell-seeded natural and synthetic scaffolds have been reviewed
A Guide to Medications Inducing Salivary Gland Dysfunction, Xerostomia, and Subjective Sialorrhea: A Systematic Review Sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI
Changes in the proteome of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds germinating under optimal and osmotic stress conditions and subjected to post-stress recovery
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS
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