Gender Equality, Drinking Cultures and Second-Hand Harms from Alcohol in the 50 US States.

BackgroundGender inequality and cultures of binge drinking may increase the risk of second-hand harms from alcohol.MethodsUsing the 2014-2015 National Alcohol Survey and 2015 National Alcohol's Harm to Others Survey (N = 7792), we examine associations of state-level gender equality measures (contraceptive access, abortion rights, women's economic equality) and binge drinking cultures (rates of men's and women's binge drinking) with individual-level indicators of second-hand harms by drinking strangers and partners/spouses.ResultsIn main effects models, only male binge drinking was associated with greater odds of harms from drinking strangers. There were significant interactions of gender equality with male binge drinking: High male binge drinking rates were more strongly associated with stranger-perpetrated harms in states low on contraceptive access or abortion rights compared to states high on these measures. Conversely, male binge drinking was more strongly associated with spouse/partner-perpetrated second-hand harms in states with more economic equality, compared to states lower on this measure.ConclusionsDetrimental effects of high male binge drinking rates may be modified by gender equality. Targeted interventions may reduce alcohol-related harms experienced by women in states with high rates of male binge drinking. Restrictions in access to contraception and abortion may exacerbate harms due to men's drinking

On Variants of CM-triviality

We introduce a generalization of CM-triviality relative to a fixed invariant collection of partial types, in analogy to the Canonical Base Property defined by Pillay, Ziegler and Chatzidakis which generalizes one-basedness. We show that, under this condition, a stable field is internal to the family, and a group of finite Lascar rank has a normal nilpotent subgroup such that the quotient is almost internal to the family

Reducing systematic review workload using text mining: opportunities and pitfalls

This EAHIL workshop focussed on three applications of text mining to assist with screening citations for systematic reviews, and encouraged participants to discuss issues affecting their adoption. This paper outlines these applications and summarises the factors raised by participants in relation to their uptake. Key aspects to uptake include having an accepted advantage over existing approaches, coupled with training and user support

Generalized N = 2 Super Landau Models

We generalize previous results for the superplane Landau model to exhibit an explicit worldline N = 2 supersymmetry for an arbitrary magnetic field on any two-dimensional manifold. Starting from an off-shell N = 2 superfield formalism, we discuss the quantization procedure in the general case characterized by two independent potentials on the manifold and show that the relevant Hamiltonians are factorizable. In the restricted case when both the Gauss curvature and the magnetic field are constant over the manifold and, as a consequence, the underlying potentials are related, the Hamiltonians admit infinite series of factorization chains implying the integrability of the associated systems. We explicitly determine the spectrum and eigenvectors for the particular model with CP^1 as the bosonic manifold.Comment: 26 page

Discovery of Sexual Dimorphisms in Metabolic and Genetic Biomarkers

Metabolomic profiling and the integration of whole-genome genetic association data has proven to be a powerful tool to comprehensively explore gene regulatory networks and to investigate the effects of genetic variation at the molecular level. Serum metabolite concentrations allow a direct readout of biological processes, and association of specific metabolomic signatures with complex diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders has been shown. There are well-known correlations between sex and the incidence, prevalence, age of onset, symptoms, and severity of a disease, as well as the reaction to drugs. However, most of the studies published so far did not consider the role of sexual dimorphism and did not analyse their data stratified by gender. This study investigated sex-specific differences of serum metabolite concentrations and their underlying genetic determination. For discovery and replication we used more than 3,300 independent individuals from KORA F3 and F4 with metabolite measurements of 131 metabolites, including amino acids, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, acylcarnitines, and C6-sugars. A linear regression approach revealed significant concentration differences between males and females for 102 out of 131 metabolites (p-values<3.8 x 10(-4); Bonferroni-corrected threshold). Sex-specific genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed genome-wide significant differences in beta-estimates for SNPs in the CPS1 locus (carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1, significance level: p<3.8 x 10(-10); Bonferroni-corrected threshold) for glycine. We showed that the metabolite profiles of males and females are significantly different and, furthermore, that specific genetic variants in metabolism-related genes depict sexual dimorphism. Our study provides new important insights into sex-specific differences of cell regulatory processes and underscores that studies should consider sex-specific effects in design and interpretation

Potent and selective inhibitors of histone deacetylase-3 containing chiral oxazoline capping groups and a N-(2-Aminophenyl)-benzamide binding unit

A novel series of potent chiral inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is described that contains an oxazoline capping group and a N-(2-aminophenyl)-benzamide unit. Among several new inhibitors of this type exhibiting Class I selectivity and potent inhibition of HDAC3-NCoR2, in vitro assays for the inhibition of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3-NCoR2 by N-(2-aminophenyl)-benzamide 15k gave respective IC50 values of 80, 110, and 6 nM. Weak inhibition of all other HDAC isoforms (HDAC4, 5, 6, 7, and 9: IC50 > 100 000 nM; HDAC8: IC50 = 25 000 nM; HDAC10: IC50 > 4000 nM; HDAC11: IC50 > 2000 nM) confirmed the Class I selectivity of 15k. 2-Aminoimidazolinyl, 2-thioimidazolinyl, and 2-aminooxazolinyl units were shown to be effective replacements for the pyrimidine ring present in many other 2-(aminophenyl)-benzamides previously reported, but the 2-aminooxazolinyl unit was the most potent in inhibiting HDAC3-NCoR2. Many of the new HDAC inhibitors showed higher solubilities and lower binding to human serum albumin than that of Mocetinostat. Increases in histone H3K9 acetylation in the human cell lines U937 and PC-3 was observed for all three oxazolinyl inhibitors evaluated; those HDAC inhibitors also lowered cyclin E expression in U937 cells but not in PC-3 cells, indicating underlying differences in the mechanisms of action of the inhibitors on those two cell lines

Seebeck Effect in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Creating temperature gradients in magnetic nanostructures has resulted in a new research direction, i.e., the combination of magneto- and thermoelectric effects. Here, we demonstrate the observation of one important effect of this class: the magneto-Seebeck effect. It is observed when a magnetic configuration changes the charge based Seebeck coefficient. In particular, the Seebeck coefficient changes during the transition from a parallel to an antiparallel magnetic configuration in a tunnel junction. In that respect, it is the analog to the tunneling magnetoresistance. The Seebeck coefficients in parallel and antiparallel configuration are in the order of the voltages known from the charge-Seebeck effect. The size and sign of the effect can be controlled by the composition of the electrodes' atomic layers adjacent to the barrier and the temperature. Experimentally, we realized 8.8 % magneto-Seebeck effect, which results from a voltage change of about -8.7 {\mu}V/K from the antiparallel to the parallel direction close to the predicted value of -12.1 {\mu}V/K.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 2 table

Simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation as the standard surgical treatment for diabetes mellitus patients with end-stage renal disease

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Lithium distribution across the membrane of motoneurons in the isolated frog spinal cord

Lithium sensitive microelectrodes were used to investigate the transmembrane distribution of lithium ions (Li+) in motoneurons of the isolated frog spinal cord. After addition of 5 mmol·l–1 LiCl to the bathing solution the extracellular diffusion of Li+ was measured. At a depth of 500 m, about 60 min elapsed before the extracellular Li+ concentration approached that of the bathing solution. Intracellular measurements revealed that Li+ started to enter the cells soon after reaching the motoneuron pool and after up to 120 min superfusion, an intra — to extracellular concentration ratio of about 0.7 was obtained. The resting membrane potential and height of antidromically evoked action potentials were not altered by 5 mmol·l–1 Li+

2d Gauge Theories and Generalized Geometry

We show that in the context of two-dimensional sigma models minimal coupling of an ordinary rigid symmetry Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ leads naturally to the appearance of the "generalized tangent bundle" $\mathbb{T}M \equiv TM \oplus T^*M$ by means of composite fields. Gauge transformations of the composite fields follow the Courant bracket, closing upon the choice of a Dirac structure $D \subset \mathbb{T}M$ (or, more generally, the choide of a "small Dirac-Rinehart sheaf" $\cal{D}$), in which the fields as well as the symmetry parameters are to take values. In these new variables, the gauge theory takes the form of a (non-topological) Dirac sigma model, which is applicable in a more general context and proves to be universal in two space-time dimensions: A gauging of $\mathfrak{g}$ of a standard sigma model with Wess-Zumino term exists, \emph{iff} there is a prolongation of the rigid symmetry to a Lie algebroid morphism from the action Lie algebroid $M \times \mathfrak{g}\to M$ into $D\to M$ (or the algebraic analogue of the morphism in the case of $\cal{D}$). The gauged sigma model results from a pullback by this morphism from the Dirac sigma model, which proves to be universal in two-spacetime dimensions in this sense.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures; To appear in Journal of High Energy Physic