Study of distribution of elderly population in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari Province from 1966 to 2011

Background and aims: Nowadays, the age structure of Iran is transitioning from youth to elderly. Although, the elderly population are still accounted for a small portion of the population; however, the population growth rate of this age group is growing compared to the growth of the total population. Therefore, understanding of the changes of this population is necessary. This study aimed to identify the distribution of population aged 60 years and more, in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province from 1966 to 2011. Methods: The data obtained from the national censuses from 1966 to 2011 as well as the national Statistical Center and Governor’s Office of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Due to incomplete data of 1956, these data were excluded. Results: In 1966, 6.34 of the national total population was over 60 years compared to 6.27 in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. In 2011, 7.68 of population in this province was over 60 years in comparison with 8.21 reported for the total population of Iran. Conclusion: Due to rapid growth of the elderly population in the country as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, considering the needs of this age group is an important necessity

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NURSING GROUP PERSONNEL NUMBER TO ACTIVE BED OF HOSPITALS AFFILIATED TO YASUJ MEDICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY WITH EXISTING STANDARDS AND FACTORS EFFECTIVE ON IT IN 2015

Introduction: Most problems of institutions providing treatment services in health systems (hospitals) are due to shortage of human force or its unsuitable distribution. Among the most important ways of increasing employing nurses as the major part of hospitals human forces is standardization of quantity and distribution of this valuable source. Methods: This study is applied descriptive and of cross sectional type. The research sample and society is nursing group personnel affiliated to Yasuj Medical Sciences University. Data collecting tool is some tables containing number, gender combination and type of employment of nursing personnel (library model) and effective factors like reducing working hours rate due to efficiency law, increasing the number of hospitalization days after health system evolution plan were studied. Information after collecting was analyzed using SPSS software and using descriptive statistical tests. Results: The obtained results indicate that the ratio of nurse to active bed number is not similar to standards and there is a difference. The rate of working hours reduction due to efficiency law and the number of hospitalization days results in need to more personnel after health system evolution. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the required nursing force in the hospitals affiliated to Yasuj Medical Sciences University in some wards is not according to the standard of Ministry of Health and systematic attitude standard

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NURSING GROUP PERSONNEL NUMBER TO ACTIVE BED OF HOSPITALS AFFILIATED TO YASUJ MEDICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY WITH EXISTING STANDARDS AND FACTORS EFFECTIVE ON IT IN 2015

Introduction: Most problems of institutions providing treatment services in health systems (hospitals) are due to shortage of human force or its unsuitable distribution. Among the most important ways of increasing employing nurses as the major part of hospitals human forces is standardization of quantity and distribution of this valuable source. Methods: This study is applied descriptive and of cross sectional type. The research sample and society is nursing group personnel affiliated to Yasuj Medical Sciences University. Data collecting tool is some tables containing number, gender combination and type of employment of nursing personnel (library model) and effective factors like reducing working hours rate due to efficiency law, increasing the number of hospitalization days after health system evolution plan were studied. Information after collecting was analyzed using SPSS software and using descriptive statistical tests. Results: The obtained results indicate that the ratio of nurse to active bed number is not similar to standards and there is a difference. The rate of working hours reduction due to efficiency law and the number of hospitalization days results in need to more personnel after health system evolution. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the required nursing force in the hospitals affiliated to Yasuj Medical Sciences University in some wards is not according to the standard of Ministry of Health and systematic attitude standard

Moisture content on some engineering properties of celery (Apium Graveolens L) seeds

The study was conducted to investigate some physical properties of celery seed at various moisture levels.  The average length, width, thickness and 1000-seeds mass were 0.571, 0.429, 0.295 mm and 0.792 g, respectively, at moisture content of 5.24% (d.b).  Length, width and thickness distributions of the seeds were modeled using Generalized Extreme Value, lognormal and Weibull distributions.  Results showed that to model length of the seeds, lognormal distribution had the best performance while to model the width of the seeds Weibull distribution had the best performance.  True density has increase from 892.02 to 931.42 kg/m3 when the moisture content increased from 5.24% to 20.25% (d.b).  The angle of static friction increased from 28.45 to 39.66°, 25.15 to 34.84°, 19.57 to 27.07° and 16.72 to 19.720° for plywood, rubber, iron and galvanized metal, respectively, as the moisture content increases from 5.24% to 20.25% (d.b).  The pouring angle of repose increased from 34.70 to 39.12°, 33.37 to 36.37°, 30.59 to 33.33° and 27.16 to 29.45° for plywood, rubber, iron and galvanized metal , respectively, as the moisture content increases from 5.24% to 20.25% (d.b).  The Hele-Shaw angle of repose increased from 32.65 to 35.25°, 30.35 to 32.77°, 27.81 to 30.03° and 24.72 to 26.61° for plywood, rubber, iron and galvanized metal , respectively, as the moisture content increases from 5.24% to 20.25% (d.b)

The effect of oral royal jelly on clinical disease activity index (CDAI) and morning stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which can cause articular destruction and disability in patients. Current therapies are relatively effective and sometimes harmful. Royal Jelly with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties may be used as an adjunct therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Royal Jelly on Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and morning stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: According to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1987 classification criteria, 80 patients with RA, who had active disease (CDAI > 2.8), were randomly assigned to receive Royal Jelly or placebo beside background treatment for 3 months. Morning stiffness, tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), evaluator global assessment (EGA) and patient's global assessment (PGA) based on visual analogue scale (VAS) were determined before and after 3 months of intervention. The changes in aforementioned indexes were analyzed by SPSS software. Findings: 65 patients completed the study (35 in Royal Jelly and 30 in placebo group). The sex, age, residence, disease duration and drug consumption had no significant changes (P > 0.050). In the first group, CDAI (P = 0.012), SJC (P = 0.024), TJC (P = 0.027), and morning stiffness (P = 0.004) had significant statistical changes; but only changes in morning stiffness were statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Royal Jelly has good effect on morning stiffness but not on CDAI and may be a suitable adjunct therapy. Further studies may demonstrate more significant results

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Report of a Rare Case in Kidney

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neoplasm mostly seen in the lungs, but also in extrapulmonary sites. The most common genitourinary site of IMT is the bladder, but it may rarely be seen in the kidneys. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl presented with flank pain and hematuria, in which computed tomography scan revealed a mass in the left kidney. The patient underwent left nephrectomy for a diagnosis of Wilms tumor. Further assessment of the tissue demonstrated a pathologic diagnosis of IMT. Despite improvements in imaging technology, the preoperative diagnosis of IMT remains difficult and surgery is the only way for the diagnosis and treatment. Considering the role of the pathologic examination in making the definite diagnosis of IMT, we should be aware of this entity and it must be considered in the differential diagnoses

Synthesized Anti-HER2 Trastuzumab-MCC-DM1 Conjugate: An Evaluation of Efficacy and Cytotoxicity

Background: Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets site-specifically human epidermal growth factor-2 receptor (HER2) cell surface antigen overexpressed in approximately 20% of human breast carcinomas. Despite its positive therapeutic outcomes, a large proportion of individuals are unresponsive to the treatment with trastuzumab or develop resistance to it.Objective: To evaluate a chemically synthesized trastuzumab-based antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to improve the trastuzumab therapeutic index.Methods: The current study explored the physiochemical characteristics of the trastuzumab conjugated to a cytotoxic chemotherapy agent DM1 via Succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) linker, created in our earlier study, using SDS-PAGE, UV/VIS, and RP-HPLC analyses. The antitumor effects of the ADCs were analyzed using MDA-MB-231 (HER2-negative) and SK-BR-3 (HER2-positive) cell lines utilizing in vitro cytotoxicity, viability, and binding assays. Three different formats of a HER2-targeting agent: trastuzumab, synthesized trastuzumab-MCC-DM1, and commercially available drug T-DM1 (Kadcyla®) were compared.Results: UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis showed that the trastuzumab-MCC-DM1 conjugates, on average, entailed 2.9 DM1 payloads per trastuzumab. A free drug level of 2.5% was determined by RP-HPLC. The conjugate appeared as two bands on a reducing SDS-PAGE gel. MTT viability assay showed that conjugating trastuzumab with DM1 significantly improved the antiproliferative effects of this antibody in vitro. Importantly, the evaluations using LDH release and cell apoptosis assays confirmed that trastuzumab maintains its ability to induce cell death response while conjugating with the DM1. The binding efficiency of trastuzumab-MCC-DM1 was comparable to that of the naked trastuzumab.Conclusion: Trastuzumab-MCC-DM1 was found effective against HER2+ tumors. The potency of this synthesized conjugate brings it closer to the commercially available T-DM1

Nutritional Status and Anthropometric Indices in relation to Menstrual Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose. Dietary habit and body composition can develop risk of menstrual disorders. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between macronutrient intake, anthropometric indices, and menstrual disorders. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 217 women with an average age of 28.8 +/- 7.9 years. Anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and skinfold thickness from all participants were measured. Menstrual cycle characteristics were self-reported. The dietary habits were assessed by using a modified, semiquantitative 147 items Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) by two trained dietitians. Chi-square and independent T-test were used to assess bivariate associations and logistic regression was implemented in SPSS 21. Results. Most of the participants (52.5%) suffered from at least one of the menstrual disorders including painful menstruation (41%), premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (24.9%), and irregular menstruation (22.1%). The mean of waist circumference in women with no complication was 76.0 +/- 11.8 and in women with at least one disorder was 86.7 +/- 14.0 (P<0.001). Our results suggest that women with no disorder consumed less calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and fat in comparison to women with at least one disorder (P<0.001). Furthermore, the proportion of all kinds of disorders among women, who had overweight or obesity, was significantly higher than women with normal BMI (P<0.001). Conclusion. Irregular menstruation, painful menstruation, and PMS were significantly associated with high intake of calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and total fat. Furthermore, menstruation-related complications were worsened by obesity

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed