Ympäristökysymys

Peer reviewe

Reverse flow digital artery pedicle flap for closure of diabetic forefoot ulceration

Digital artery pedicle flap is a useful surgical technique for coverage of plantar foot defects. For diabetic forefoot ulcers that are subject to recurrence despite consistent care, this flap can provide long-term durable closure. The authors provide a case report and overview of this innovative reconstructive procedure

The Achievement of a Decentralized Water Management Through Stakeholder Participation: An Example from the Drôme River Catchment Area in France (1981–2008)

International audienceDifferent water Acts (e.g., the European Water Framework Directive) and stakeholders involved in aquatic affairs have promoted integrated river basin management (IRBM) over recent decades. However, few studies have provided feedback on these policies. The aim of the current article is to fill this gap by exploring how local newspapers reflect the implementation of a broad public participation within a catchment of France known for its innovation with regard to this domain. The media coverage of a water management strategy in the Drôme watershed from 1981 to 2008 was investigated using a content analysis and a geographic information system (GIS). We sought to determine what public participation and decentralized decision-making can be in practice. The results showed that this policy was integrated because of its social perspective, the high number of involved stakeholders, the willingness to handle water issues, and the local scale suitable for participation. We emphasized the prominence of the watershed scale guaranteed by the local water authority. This area was also characterized by compromise, arrangements, and power dynamics on a fine scale. We examined the most politically engaged writings regarding water management, which topics each group emphasized, and how the groups agreed and disagreed on issues based on their values and context. The temporal pattern of participation implementation was progressive but worked by fits and starts

A Land-Use Perspective for Birdstrike Risk Assessment: The Attraction Risk Index

Collisions between aircraft and birds, birdstrikes, pose a serious threat to aviation safety. The occurrence of these events is influenced by land-uses in the surroundings of airports. Airports located in the same region might have different trends for birdstrike risk, due to differences in the surrounding habitats. Here we developed a quantitative tool that assesses the risk of birdstrike based on the habitats within a 13-km buffer from the airport. For this purpose, we developed Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) with binomial distribution to estimate the contribution of habitats to wildlife use of the study area, depending on season. These GLMs predictions were combined to the flight altitude of birds within the 13-km buffer, the airport traffic pattern and the severity indices associated with impacts. Our approach was developed at Venice Marco Polo International airport (VCE), located in northeast Italy and then tested at Treviso Antonio Canova International airport (TSF), which is 20 km inland. Results from the two airports revealed that both the surrounding habitats and the season had a significant influence to the pattern of risk. With regard to VCE, agricultural fields, wetlands and urban areas contributed most to the presence of birds in the study area. Furthermore, the key role of distance of land-uses from the airport on the probability of presence of birds was highlighted. The reliability of developed risk index was demonstrated since at VCE it was significantly correlated with bird strike rate. This study emphasizes the importance of the territory near airports and the wildlife use of its habitats, as factors in need of consideration for birdstrike risk assessment procedures. Information on the contribution of habitats in attracting birds, depending on season, can be used by airport managers and local authorities to plan specific interventions in the study area in order to lower the risk.Collisions between aircraft and birds, birdstrikes, pose a serious threat to aviation safety. The occurrence of these events is influenced by land-uses in the surroundings of airports. Airports located in the same region might have different trends for birdstrike risk, due to differences in the surrounding habitats. Here we developed a quantitative tool that assesses the risk of birdstrike based on the habitats within a 13-km buffer from the airport. For this purpose, we developed Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) with binomial distribution to estimate the contribution of habitats to wildlife use of the study area, depending on season. These GLMs predictions were combined to the flight altitude of birds within the 13-km buffer, the airport traffic pattern and the severity indices associated with impacts. Our approach was developed at Venice Marco Polo International airport (VCE), located in northeast Italy and then tested at Treviso Antonio Canova International airport (TSF), which is 20 km inland. Results from the two airports revealed that both the surrounding habitats and the season had a significant influence to the pattern of risk. With regard to VCE, agricultural fields, wetlands and urban areas contributed most to the presence of birds in the study area. Furthermore, the key role of distance of land-uses from the airport on the probability of presence of birds was highlighted. The reliability of developed risk index was demonstrated since at VCE it was significantly correlated with bird strike rate. This study emphasizes the importance of the territory near airports and the wildlife use of its habitats, as factors in need of consideration for birdstrike risk assessment procedures. Information on the contribution of habitats in attracting birds, depending on season, can be used by airport managers and local authorities to plan specific interventions in the study area in order to lower the risk

History of Domestic and Feral Pigeons (Columba livia) in Finland before 1900 A.D.

The oldest certain evidence for domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Finland dates back to 1557, when pigeons were kept at the Iso-Heikkilä royal estate near Turku. For the period 1600-1800 evidence is extremely scarce . In the 19th century both domestic and feral pigeons were well-known in Finland, although rarely mentioned in ornithological literature. In Helsinki there were feral pigeons in 1831-1847, and by around 1880 they were established in several cities in southern and central Finland. Although pigeons were sometimes kept in Finnish manor houses in the 19th century (e .g. in Haminalahti), this was probably not common. U. Godenhjelm, the local postmaster in Mariehamn (Aland Islands), was granted permission to build a dovecote in 1894, and was mentioned as the first trainer ofmessengers in Finland. Besides messengers, in the late 19th century pigeons were experimentally used as decoy birds in hawk-traps . There is no evidence for organized persecution of urban feral pigeons before 1900

Yponomeuta evonymellus outbreaks in southern Finland: Spatial synchrony but different local magnitudes

Defoliations of Prunus padus by Yponomeuta evonymellus were monitored in two areas in southern Finland. During a long-term study (1980-1995) in the area with high peak defoliations, P. padus trees recorded two defoliation peaks, leading to complete defoliation of many trees. The negative relationship between pupal mass and current year tree defoliation during the peak years suggested shortage of food affected reproductive potential of Y. evonymellus. Furthermore, no delayed induced resistance was observed in these populations. Interannual correlations in degrees of defoliation experienced by individual trees were low, i.e. high defoliation in one year did not predict the degree of defoliation the following year. We also detected a sharp increase in parasitism rates with defoliation between years. In the other study area located about 150 km NW, only 4% of more than 200 study trees experienced defoliations higher than 50%. In this population, high defoliation of tree individuals in one year predicted low defoliation in the following year. In addition, rates of parasitism were less variable and intermediate compared to those in the high peak area. Altogether, the relatively rapidly operating negative feedback in the low peak - Compared with the high peak area - was consistent with the difference between both areas in the levels of peak densities.Peer Reviewe

Heavy metals modify costs of reproduction and clonal growth in the stoloniferous herb Potentilla anserina

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Constructing relational space in early childhood education

This paper examines early childhood education (ECE) by applying and developing relational-spatial perspectives on everyday life in educational institutions for young children. The aim is to investigate the dynamic process of construction of space and to illustrate with selected empirical episodes how this process occurs in ECE. Drawing on authors such as Soja and Bourdieu, the starting point for the analysis is that space is socially produced in everyday interactions in a process that intertwines the physical environment and concrete objects, personal interpretations of physical and cultural space, and cultural and collective views about space in ECE. We illustrate this process with ethnographic data from two day care centers. The analysis shows how children and educators engage in the process of constructing space from diverse positions and how the institutional context is embedded within this process.peerReviewe