301 research outputs found
Electrical frequency discrimination by fungi Pleurotus ostreatus
We stimulate mycelian networks of oyster fungi Pleurotus ostreatus with low
frequency sinusoidal electrical signals. We demonstrate that the fungal
networks can discriminate between frequencies in a fuzzy or threshold based
manner. Details about the mixing of frequencies by the mycelium networks are
provided. The results advance the novel field of fungal electronics and pave
ground for the design of living, fully recyclable, electron devices
Comprehensive study of the mountainous lake sediments in relation to natural and anthropogenic processes and time (Mały Staw Lake, Poland)
The Sudety Mts. form a chain of mountains in the
South of Poland and during the last 200 years were subjected
to strong industrial and agricultural pressure. The records of
these human-induced changes are stored in natural archives
like lake sediments. For the comprehensive study, three sediment
cores taken from Mały Staw Lake (Sudety Mts.) were
analyzed for the concentration of K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Mg, Zn,
Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and radioactivity of 137Cs and 210Pb. As a result
of the studies, the bathymetry map was developed and the
sources of solid material supplied to the lake were identified.
The geochronology studies of the cores were performed using
210Pb method, to evaluate model of time changes in the sediment.
Radioactivity of 210Pbuns (determined indirectly by
210Po) ranged from 1051 ± 64 to 12 ± 8 Bq kg−1. The 137Cs
radioactivity was determined directly by gamma spectrometry
and varied from525 ± 37Bq kg−1 for top layers to 9.80 ± 5.40
Bq kg−1 for the bottom of the core. Two characteristic peaks of
137Cs radioactivity related to the global fallouts after nuclear
weapons testing and the Chernobyl accident were observed
and used to confirm210Pb dating method. Chemometrics analysis
of the chosen metal’s concentrations combined with
sample dating showed distinct imprint of human activity on
the studied area
Electrical frequency discrimination by fungi Pleurotus ostreatus
We stimulate mycelian networks of oyster fungi Pleurotus ostreatus with low frequency sinusoidal electrical signals. We demonstrate that the fungal networks can discriminate between frequencies in a fuzzy or threshold based manner. Details about the mixing of frequencies by the mycelium networks are provided. The results advance the novel field of fungal electronics and pave ground for the design of living, fully recyclable, electronic devices. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Neuromorphic liquids, colloids and gels: A review
Advances in flexible electronic devices and robotic software require that sensors and controllers be virtually devoid of traditional electronic components, be deformable and stretch-resistant. Liquid electronic devices that mimic biological synapses would make an ideal core component for flexible liquid circuits. This is due to their unbeatable features such as flexibility, reconfiguration, fault tolerance. To mimic synaptic functions in fluids we need to imitate dynamics and complexity similar to those that occurring in living systems. Mimicking ionic movements are considered as the simplest platform for implementation of neuromorphic in material computing systems. We overview a series of experimental laboratory prototypes where neuromorphic systems are implemented in liquids, colloids and gels
Enzymatic AND-Gate Based on Electrode-Immobilized Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: Towards Digital Biosensors and Biochemical Logic Systems with Low Noise
Electrode-immobilized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is used to catalyze
an enzymatic reaction which carries out the AND logic gate. This logic function
is considered here in the context of biocatalytic processes utilized for the
biocomputing applications for "digital" (threshold) sensing/actuation. We
outline the response functions desirable for such applications and report the
first experimental realization of a sigmoid-shape response in one of the
inputs. A kinetic model is developed and utilized to evaluate the extent to
which the experimentally realized gate is close to optimal
Amperometric Nitrosothiol Sensor Using Immobilized Organoditelluride Species as Selective Catalytic Layer
A new amperometric sensor capable of responding to various biological S -nitrosothiol species (RSNOs) is described. The sensor is prepared using an organoditelluride-tethered poly(allyamine hydrochloride) (PAH) polymer crosslinked within a dialysis membrane support mounted at the distal surface of an amperometric NO probe. The surface immobilized organoditelluride layer serves as a selective catalyst to decompose various RSNO species to NO in the presence of a thiol reducing agent added to the sample. The proposed sensor responds directly and reversibly to various low molecular weight (LMW) RSNOs in the range of 0.1 14ΜM to 10 14ΜM with nearly equal sensitivity. The main advantage of this sensor over previously reported Cu(II/I) and organodiselenium-based RSNO sensors is its long operational life-time (at least one month). A discussion regarding solution phase transnitrosation reactions potentially allowing the measurement of higher molecular weight S -nitrosoproteins is provided, along with data showing preliminary results in this direction. Further, the direct detection of endogenous RSNO species in diluted fresh whole sheep blood is also demonstrated using this new sensor.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/57918/1/270_ftp.pd
Towards Biochemical Filter with Sigmoidal Response to pH Changes: Buffered Biocatalytic Signal Transduction
We realize a biochemical filtering process by introducing a buffer in a
biocatalytic signal-transduction logic system based on the function of an
enzyme, esterase. The input, ethyl butyrate, is converted into butyric acid-the
output signal, which in turn is measured by the drop in the pH value. The
developed approach offers a versatile "network element" for increasing the
complexity of biochemical information processing systems. Evaluation of an
optimal regime for quality filtering is accomplished in the framework of a
kinetic rate-equation model.Comment: PDF, 23 page
Biomolecular Filters for Improved Separation of Output Signals in Enzyme Logic Systems Applied to Biomedical Analysis
Biomolecular logic systems processing biochemical input signals and producing
"digital" outputs in the form of YES/NO were developed for analysis of
physiological conditions characteristic of liver injury, soft tissue injury and
abdominal trauma. Injury biomarkers were used as input signals for activating
the logic systems. Their normal physiological concentrations were defined as
logic-0 level, while their pathologically elevated concentrations were defined
as logic-1 values. Since the input concentrations applied as logic 0 and 1
values were not sufficiently different, the output signals being at low and
high values (0, 1 outputs) were separated with a short gap making their
discrimination difficult. Coupled enzymatic reactions functioning as a
biomolecular signal processing system with a built-in filter property were
developed. The filter process involves a partial back-conversion of the
optical-output-signal-yielding product, but only at its low concentrations,
thus allowing the proper discrimination between 0 and 1 output values
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