A Pilot Study: Association between Minor Physical Anomalies in Childhood and Future Mental Problems

[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]電子

Increasing Early Awareness of Hazard of Children with ADHD's ODD and Aggression by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)

Background: The hazard of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) occurring Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (shorten as ADHD's ODD) and aggression is not well understood. This study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to operationalize aggression as joined symptoms on children with ADHD's ODD by analyzing how aggression symptom transact the symptom severity of ADHD's ODD. Methods:ADHD children and adolescents received clinical diagnosis and inattention (ADHD-I), hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD-H/I), and ODD subscale of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale (SNAP-IV-C) and child behaviour check list (CBCL). SEM was applied to associate ADHD-I, ADHD-H/I, and ODD subscale to aggression. Results: Significantly aggressive symptom on CBCL interact with symptom of ADHD, ODD on SNAP; the standardized direct effect of ADHD symptom by SNAP on behavior symptom by CBCL is 0.57 and the standardized total (direct and indirect) effect of ODD symptom on behavior symptom is 0.34. Children with ADHD's ODD symptom share similar characteristic symptom as symptom of ADHD children with deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR). The aggression is highly correlated with ODD (0.607). Conclusions: On ADHD symptom, the likelihood of symptom severity is predicted by the symptom of ADHD-I, ADHD-H/I, and ODD. On ODD symptom, ODD is associated with aggression and anxiety/depression symptom. There is a need to regard child with symptom of ADHD's ODD and aggression as a child with heavy genetic loading and predictor of disruptive behavior disorder

Real-time frequency-encoded spatiotemporal focusing

We present a novel real-time frequency-encoded spatiotemporal (FEST) focusing technology using a programmable two-dimensional optical frequency comb. This technique enables, for the first time, simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing at microseconds through thick scattering media

Lock-in detection of photoacoustic feedback signal for focusing through scattering media using wave-front shaping.

Wave-front shaping techniques enable focusing and imaging through scattering media. Unfortunately, most approaches require invasive feedback inside or behind the sample, or use of spatial correlations (memory effect) limiting the application to specific types of samples. Recent approaches overcome these limitations by taking advantage of acoustic waves via the photoacoustic (PA) effect or via photon tagging. We present a fully analog signal processing lock-in scheme for PA detection to improve focusing through scattering media and to efficiently extract nonlinear photoacoustic signals towards wave-front optimization. Our implementation improves PA feedback performance in terms of SNR, speed, and resolution

Material anisotropy as a degree of freedom in optical design.

We present an approach for the design of refractive optical elements using materials degrees of freedom that are accessible via engineered materials. Starting from first principles and an unconstrained general material, we specify homogeneous refractive lenses that focus light with diffraction-limited resolution resulting from a tailored anisotropic refractive index. We analyze the performance, physical feasibility, and advantages over isotropic lenses. Materials degrees of freedom enable new flexibility for imaging system designs with lower complexity expanding the existing aspheric and graded index paradigms

Interest-Rate Sensitivity of Real Estate Investment Trusts

This paper addresses the issue of whether REITs are sensitive to changes in short-term and long-term interest rates. REITs were found to be sensitive to changes in the long-term interest rates in 1973-1979, but in 1980-1985, REITs were sensitive to changes in both short-term and long-term rates. These sources of interest-rate sensitivity were also found to be different for equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs are sensitive to changes in expected inflation, whereas mortgage REITs are sensitive to both changes in expected inflation and changes in the real rate.

Effect of Modified Short-Term Parent Training Group Therapy among Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This study aims to investigate the efficacy of modified short-term parent training group therapy among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from Taiwanese experience. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Their parents were invited to attend modified short-term parent training group therapy. The parents were then asked to complete the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Rating Scale-Revised ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) subscale (SNAP-IV), child behavior check list (CBCL), and parental symptom check list (SCL-90) before and after modified short term parenting group therapy. Findings showed that inattention, hyperactivity and ODD symptoms of children with ADHD were significantly improved (all p <0.001). Problematic behavior of children (aggression, attention problems, social problems, and externalization) and their parental symptoms (somatization, obsession, global severity, and PST) were also changed after modified short-term parent training group therapy. Therefore, the short-term modified parent training group therapy is effective for children with ADHD and is recommended as the first part of a combined treatment for children with ADHD. The key points of this study are that modified short-term parent training group therapy is effective and worthy to try as the first part of a combined treatment for children with ADHD. Parental stress and symptoms may need to be addressed as part of the treatment for a child with ADHD

Human parvovirus B19 nonstructural protein NS1 enhanced the expression of cleavage of 70 kDa U1-snRNP autoantigen

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is known to induce apoptosis that has been associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders. Although we have previously reported that B19 non-structural protein (NS1) induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in COS-7 cells, the precise mechanism of B19-NS1 in developing autoimmunity is still obscure.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To further examine the effect of B19-NS1 in presence of autoantigens, COS-7 cells were transfected with pEGFP, pEGFP-B19-NS1 and pEGFP-NS1K334E, a mutant form of B19-NS1, and detected the expressions of autoantigens by various autoantibodies against Sm, U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1-snRNP), SSA/Ro, SSB/La, Scl-70, Jo-1, Ku, and centromere protein (CENP) A/B by using Immunoblotting.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significantly increased apoptosis was detected in COS-7 cells transfected with pEGFP-B19-NS1 compared to those transfected with pEGFP. Meanwhile, the apoptotic 70 kDa U1-snRNP protein in COS-7 cells transfected with pEGFP-B19-NS1 is cleaved by caspase-3 and converted into a specific 40 kDa product, which were recognized by anti-U1-snRNP autoantibody. In contrast, significantly decreased apoptosis and cleaved 40 kDa product were observed in COS-7 cells transfected with pEGFP-NS1K334E compared to those transfected with pEGFP-B19-NS1.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These findings suggested crucial association of B19-NS1 in development of autoimmunity by inducing apoptosis and specific cleavage of 70 kDa U1-snRNP.</p

Risk of death in patients with post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage—Analysis of 1773 cases

AbstractBackgroundPost-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is one of the most troublesome conditions associated with head trauma. CSF fistulae, meningitis/central nervous infection, or even death may accompany it. Few studies have discussed post-traumatic CSF leakage as a risk factor in mortality following head trauma. We conducted this cohort study to examine the issue.MethodsWe reviewed the records in the Taiwan Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Registry System between 1993 and 2008. The study group included patients with acute TBI and post-traumatic CSF leakage, and the control group included cases with TBI but without CSF leakage, selected randomly at a 5:1 ratio with respect to the study group. The demographic data, Glasgow Coma Scale, brain computerized tomography, association of skull fractures and intracranial lesions, and 1-year mortality rates between these two cohorts were reviewed meticulously and analyzed statistically.ResultsOf 174,236 cases, 1773 with post-traumatic CSF leakage were included in the study group, and 8865 cases in the control group. Of the total 10,638 sampled cases, 406 (3.8%) died during the 1-year follow-up period, 159 (9.0%) cases in the CSF leakages group, and 247 (2.8%) in the control group. The patients with CSF leakage had a significantly higher mortality rate within 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.44, p < 0.001) than those without. We divided the CSF leakage group into three subgroups: otorrhea (n = 568), rhinorrhea (n = 302), and tension pneumocephalus (n = 903). The mortality rates were 8.5% (48/568) in the otorrhea subgroup, 10.9% (33/302) in the rhinorrhea subgroup, and 8.6% (78/903) in the tension pneumocephalus subgroup. The cases with CSF rhinorrhea had a significantly higher mortality rate than the other two subgroups (p < 0.05). All three subgroups had significantly higher mortality rates than the control group during the 1-year follow-up period (adjusted hazard ratios = 2.29, 1.35, and 1.32 in the rhinorrhea, tension pneumocephalus, and otorrhea subgroups, respectively).ConclusionPost-traumatic CSF leakages had higher mortality rates than those without CSF leakages in TBI cases, and the cases with CSF rhinorrhea had worse outcomes compared with CSF leakages with pneumocephalus or otorrhea