Sleep hygiene education and children with developmental disabilities: Findings from a co-design study

This qualitative study develops a programme theory demonstrating the complexity embedded in sleep hygiene education (SHE) as an intervention to improve sleep problems in children with developmental disabilities. In co-design workshops, eight parents and six sleep practitioners deliberated themes developed from findings of an earlier exploratory study of stakeholder perceptions of SHE. A SHE tool underpinned by programme theory was developed evidenced by mid-range theories of change. Analytical themes were developed to explain the programme theory and the complexities of a successful SHE intervention: the need to legitimize children’s sleep problems and consider the nature of customization, knowledge sharing, health expectation and impact of sleep service rationing and gaming strategies on implementation success. Policy and practice implications include a need to raise the public profile of children’s sleep problems and promote parental involvement in intervention implementation. Further research is needed to test out this theory-driven framework for evaluating SHE

Differences in virulence of Diplocarpon earlianum isolates on selected strawberry cultivars

Huit isolats de Diplocarpon earlianum ont été évalués sur 18 cultivars de fraisiers (Fragaria x ananassa) pour leur virulence, laquelle a été mesurée par leur capacité de causer un pourcentage de surface foliaire portant des symptômes. Des différences significatives ont été observées entre les isolats et les cultivars, ainsi que pour l'interaction isolat x cultivar. Quatre des huit isolats, sur la moyenne des 18 cultivars de fraisiers, avaient une surface foliaire portant des symptômes de 6,7-9,6 % et ils ont été classifiés dans le groupe defaible virulence. Les quatre autres isolats avaient une surface portant des symptômes variant de 25,9-45,8 % et formaient un groupe de forte virulence. Parmi les cultivars testés, 'Vibrant' était résistant et 'Micmac' était susceptible à tous les isolats dans les deux groupes de virulence; 'Honeyoye', 'Redcoat', 'Scotland', 'St. Clair' et 'Vantage' étaient résistants au groupe de faible virulence, mais ils présentaient des interactions différentielles envers les isolats du groupe de forte virulence, les 11 autres cultivars étaient sensibles au groupe de forte virulence mais ils démontraient des interactions différentielles envers les isolats du groupe de faible virulence. Il est suggéré que plusieurs isolats de l'agent pathogène soient requis pour tester des génotypes de fraisiers pour leur résistance à la tache pourpre. Une méthode d'essai utilisant des disques foliaires a été développée et elle peut être utilisée pour évaluer la susceptibilité de génotypes de fraisiers au D. earlianum en laboratoire.Eight isolates of Diplocarpon earlianum were evaluated for virulence, measured as the ability to produce percent leaf area with symptoms (LAS), on 18 cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Significant differences were observed from isolate and cultivar effects, and isolate x cultivar interaction. Four of the eight isolates, on the average of 18 strawberry cultivars, had LAS ranging from 6.7-9.6%, and were classified as a group of low virulence. The remaining four isolates had LAS ranging from 25.9-45.8% and formed a high virulence group. Of the cultivars tested, 'Vibrant' was resistant and 'Micmac' was susceptible to all isolates in both virulence groups; 'Honeoye', 'Redcoat', 'Scotland', 'St. Clair' and 'Vantage' were resistant to the low virulence group, but had differential interactions to isolates in the high virulence group; the remaining 11 cultivars were susceptible to the high virulence group, but had differential interactions to isolates in the low virulence group. It is suggested that a number of different pathogen isolates are required to test strawberry genotypes for leaf scorch resistance. A leaf disk assay was developed in this study and can be used for laboratory evaluations of strawberry genotypes for susceptibility to D. earlianum

Convective Vortices on Mars: A Reanalysis of Viking Lander 2 Meteorological Data, Sols 1-50

On 7th August 1976 the Viking 2 lander touched down at Utopia Planitia, Mars. We have reanalysed Viking lander 2 meteorological data, and it is the object of this research to give not only annual but diurnal statistics of convective vortex formation for the Viking 2 landing site

The ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5643 ULX1: a large stellar mass black hole accreting at super-Eddington rates?

A sub-set of the brightest ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), with X-ray luminosities well above 1040 erg s−1, typically have energy spectra which can be well described as hard power laws, and short-term variability in excess of ∼10 per cent. This combination of properties suggests that these ULXs may be some of the best candidates to host intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), which would be accreting at sub-Eddington rates in the hard state seen in Galactic X-ray binaries. In this work, we present a temporal and spectral analysis of all of the available XMM–Newton data from one such ULX, the previously poorly studied 2XMM J143242.1−440939, located in NGC 5643. We report that its high-quality EPIC spectra can be better described by a broad, thermal component, such as an advection-dominated disc or an optically thick Comptonizing corona. In addition, we find a hint of a marginal change in the short-term variability which does not appear to be clearly related to the source unabsorbed luminosity. We discuss the implications of these results, excluding the possibility that the source may be host an IMBH in a low state, and favouring an interpretation in terms of super-Eddington accretion on to a black hole of stellar origin. The properties of NGC 5643 ULX1 allow us to associate this source to the population of the hard/ultraluminous ULX class

Motion Robust Magnetic Susceptibility and Field Inhomogeneity Estimation Using Regularized Image Restoration Techniques for fMRI

In functional MRI, head motion may cause dynamic nonlinear field-inhomogeneity changes, especially with large out-of-plane rotations. This may lead to dynamic geometric distortion or blurring in the time series, which may reduce activation detection accuracy. The use of image registration to estimate dynamic field inhomogeneity maps from a static field map is not sufficient in the presence of such rotations. This paper introduces a retrospective approach to estimate magnetic susceptibility induced field maps of an object in motion, given a static susceptibility induced field map and the associated object motion parameters. It estimates a susceptibility map from a static field map using regularized image restoration techniques, and applies rigid body motion to the former. The dynamic field map is then computed using susceptibility voxel convolution. The method addresses field map changes due to out-of-plane rotations during time series acquisition and does not involve real time field map acquisitions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/85944/1/Fessler233.pd

X-Ray Scattering Measurements of the Transient Structure of a Driven Charge-Density-Wave

We report time-resolved x-ray scattering measurements of the transient structural response of the sliding {\bf Q}$_{1}$ charge-density-wave (CDW) in NbSe$_{3}$ to a reversal of the driving electric field. The observed time scale characterizing this response at 70K varies from $\sim$ 15 msec for driving fields near threshold to $\sim$ 2 msec for fields well above threshold. The position and time-dependent strain of the CDW is analyzed in terms of a phenomenological equation of motion for the phase of the CDW order parameter. The value of the damping constant, $\gamma = (3.2 \pm 0.7) \times 10^{-19}$ eV $\cdot$ seconds $\cdot$ \AA$^{-3}$, is in excellent agreement with the value determined from transport measurements. As the driving field approaches threshold from above, the line shape becomes bimodal, suggesting that the CDW does not depin throughout the entire sample at one well-defined voltage.Comment: revtex 3.0, 7 figure

Low Q2Q^2 wave-functions of pions and kaons and their parton distribution functions

We study the low $Q^2$ wave-functions of pions and kaons as an expansion in terms of hadron-like Fock state fluctuations. In this formalism, pion and kaon wave-functions are related one another. Consequently, the knowledge of the pion structure allows the determination of parton distributions in kaons. In addition, we show that the intrinsic (low $Q^2$) sea of pions and kaons are different due to their different valence quark structure. Finally, we analize the feasibility of a method to extract kaon's parton distribution functions within this approach and compare with available experimental data.Comment: 13 pages, 3 postscript figures include

Transition from tunneling to direct contact in tungsten nanojunctions

We apply the mechanically controllable break junctions technique to investigate the transition from tunneling to direct contact in tungsten. This transition is quite different from that of other metals and is determined by the local electronic properties of the tungsten surface and the relief of the electrodes at the point of their closest proximity. The conductance traces show a rich variety of patterns from the avalanche-like jump to a mesoscopic contact to the completely smooth transition between direct contact and tunneling. Due to the occasional absence of an adhesive jump the conductance of the contact can be continuously monitored at ultra-small electrode separations. The conductance histograms of tungsten are either featureless or show two distinct peaks related to the sequential opening of spatially separated groups of conductance channels. The role of surface states of tungsten and their contribution to the junction conductance at sub-Angstrom electrode separations are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Development of a tight-binding potential for bcc-Zr. Application to the study of vibrational properties

We present a tight-binding potential based on the moment expansion of the density of states, which includes up to the fifth moment. The potential is fitted to bcc and hcp Zr and it is applied to the computation of vibrational properties of bcc-Zr. In particular, we compute the isothermal elastic constants in the temperature range 1200K < T < 2000K by means of standard Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The agreement with experimental results is satisfactory, especially in the case of the stability of the lattice with respect to the shear associated with C'. However, the temperature decrease of the Cauchy pressure is not reproduced. The T=0K phonon frequencies of bcc-Zr are also computed. The potential predicts several instabilities of the bcc structure, and a crossing of the longitudinal and transverse modes in the (001) direction. This is in agreement with recent ab initio calculations in Sc, Ti, Hf, and La.Comment: 14 pages, 6 tables, 4 figures, revtex; the kinetic term of the isothermal elastic constants has been corrected (Eq. (4.1), Table VI and Figure 4

Properties of the BFKL equation and structure function predictions for HERA

The general properties of the Lipatov or BFKL equation are reviewed. Modifications to the infrared region are proposed. Numerical predictions for the deep-inelastic electron-proton structure functions at small $x$ are presented and confronted with recent HERA measurements.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, Latex file, Durham preprint DTP 92/2