Epidemiology of pediatric facial trauma in Chile: a retrospective study of 7,617 cases in 3 years

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of facial trauma injuries in a group of Chilean children aged 15 years or less. Study Design: Retrospective study of case series. Between 2006 and 2009, clinical records of 293,090 patients were reviewed. Data of patients with trauma injuries to the face were collected and evaluated for: age, sex, day and month of hospital admission, cause of injury, anatomical location, type of injury and presence of associated injuries. Results: A total of 7,617 patients with 8,944 injuries were found. Boy to girl ratio was 1,7:1. Preschool age children were most frequently affected. Main cause of injury were falls, soft tissue injuries the most common type of injury. Associated injuries occurred in 11% of cases. Conclusions: Facial trauma presents a significant frequency in the group of Chilean children studied. Preeschool age boys were prone to present facial trauma of mild severity associated to falls

Cigarette Smoking in Indonesia: Examination of a Myopic Model of Addictive Behaviour

Using aggregated panel data taken from three waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (1993–2000), this article tests the myopic addiction behaviour of cigarette demand. Sensitivity analysis is done by examining a rational addiction behavior of cigarette demand. The results provide support for myopic addiction. The short- and long-run price elasticities of cigarette demand are estimated at −0.28 and −0.73 respectively. Excise taxes are more likely to act as an effective tobacco control in the long-run rather than a major source of government revenue

Coordinating Tissue Regeneration Through Transforming Growth Factorâ β Activated Kinase 1 Inactivation and Reactivation

Aberrant wound healing presents as inappropriate or insufficient tissue formation. Using a model of musculoskeletal injury, we demonstrate that loss of transforming growth factorâ β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) signaling reduces inappropriate tissue formation (heterotopic ossification) through reduced cellular differentiation. Upon identifying increased proliferation with loss of TAK1 signaling, we considered a regenerative approach to address insufficient tissue production through coordinated inactivation of TAK1 to promote cellular proliferation, followed by reactivation to elicit differentiation and extracellular matrix production. Although the current regenerative medicine paradigm is centered on the effects of drug treatment (â drug onâ ), the impact of drug withdrawal (â drug offâ ) implicit in these regimens is unknown. Because current TAK1 inhibitors are unable to phenocopy genetic Tak1 loss, we introduce the dualâ inducible COmbinational Sequential Inversion ENgineering (COSIEN) mouse model. The COSIEN mouse model, which allows us to study the response to targeted drug treatment (â drug onâ ) and subsequent withdrawal (â drug offâ ) through genetic modification, was used here to inactivate and reactivate Tak1 with the purpose of augmenting tissue regeneration in a calvarial defect model. Our study reveals the importance of both the â drug onâ (Creâ mediated inactivation) and â drug offâ (Flpâ mediated reactivation) states during regenerative therapy using a mouse model with broad utility to study targeted therapies for disease. Stem Cells 2019;37:766â 778Manipulating transforming growth factor βâ activated kinase 1 for cell and scaffold free tissue regeneration using a dualâ inducible Combinational Sequential Inversion Engineering mouse model.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149573/1/stem2991_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149573/2/stem2991.pd

The effect of illustrations on patient comprehension of medication instruction labels

BACKGROUND: Labels with special instructions regarding how a prescription medication should be taken or its possible side effects are often applied to pill bottles. The goal of this study was to determine whether the addition of illustrations to these labels affects patient comprehension. METHODS: Study participants (N = 130) were enrolled by approaching patients at three family practice clinics in Toronto, Canada. Participants were asked to interpret two sets of medication instruction labels, the first with text only and the second with the same text accompanied by illustrations. Two investigators coded participants' responses as incorrect, partially correct, or completely correct. Health literacy levels of participants were measured using a validated instrument, the REALM test. RESULTS: All participants gave a completely correct interpretation for three out of five instruction labels, regardless of whether illustrations were present or not. For the two most complex labels, only 34–55% of interpretations of the text-only version were completely correct. The addition of illustrations was associated with improved performance in 5–7% of subjects and worsened performance in 7–9% of subjects. CONCLUSION: The commonly-used illustrations on the medication labels used in this study were of little or no use in improving patients' comprehension of the accompanying written instructions

An Innovative Method for the Analysis of Scalar Modes of 3-D Dielectric Optical Waveguides

[[abstract]]In this paper, an exact Fourier cosine method is proposed for the numerical calculation of the propagation constant in the rib-type dielectric waveguides with arbitrary index profile. Example is given for rib waveguides based on semiconductor material and silicon dioxide. It establishes the accuracy of Fourier cosine method as a criterion in calculation of critical design parameters such as propagation constant and mode field profile. Moreover, the accuracy and CPU time of this method are presented as well as compared with the commercial software Beam PROP

Análisis hedónico del posicionamiento de la carrera de contador auditor

Tesis (Contador Auditor)La Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello, desde ahora UNAB, como bien saben, es una institución educacional firmemente comprometida con la globalización, que desde sus comienzos ha tenido una buena acogida en el mercado. La UNAB tiene una política de inversiones de largo plazo coherente con su orientación que apunta a la entrega de un mejor servicio a la comunidad estudiantil, siendo esto una de sus fortalezas. Debido a la gran expansión del mercado de educación superior, encontrándose cada vez más Universidades e Institutos Profesionales impartiendo un sin número de carrera, se toma de mucha relevancia los análisis de mercado en cuanto a lo que ofrecen dichos establecimientos y en qué difieren unos de otros. Por esta razón, es necesario la elaboración de un análisis que permita anticiparse a los cambios del entorno, logrando una institución proactiva ante cambios en la industria y permaneciendo en el tiempo. El análisis que se realiza nos indica que la UNAB, después de un descenso en los últimos años, hoy se encuentra en una posición de estabilidad y crecimiento paulatino para seguir incrementando su posición en el mercado que participa. El estudio nos indica que las preferencias de los consumidores también señalan cambios, poniendo énfasis en ciertas características diferenciadoras de calidad entre un establecimiento y otro. Las exigencias de los consumidores apuntan directamente a elegir aquellas instituciones que entreguen un mayor valor agregado a la carrera, como las asignaturas de especialidad, el grado otorgado, autonomía, ubicación y tipo de institución. El modelo propuesto para este estudio, se basa en la teoría de los precios hedónicos, que conceptualiza la formación de los precios en función de las características de un bien. Este seminario muestra específicamente el análisis para la carrera de Contador Auditor, definiendo una serie de pasos que van mostrando los resultados arrojados, explicando paralelamente cuál es la importancia de las variables analizadas

Inheritance Of Resistance To Different Races Of Piricularia Oryzae Part III

1) The F2 and F3 hybrids between 28 japonica rice strains were tested for blast disease resistance by using four different races, 4, 13, 22 and 25. Spore suspension was inoculated with rice seedlings at the five-leaf stage by using both spraying and injection methods. 2) The resistance to the four races were found to be each controlled by a resistant gene. The four resistance genes found, Pi4, Pi13, Pi2 and Pi25 were independent of one another in some cases. Also they were not linked with marker genes involved in the crosses, A,P, Ps, lg, Bf, I-Bf, d2, Rc and Ph. 3) The resistances to leaf and neck blasts widely varied due to variety, year, crop season and location. In 81% of strains so far tested, leaf and neck resistances were correlated, and appeared to be controlled by the same genes. In the remaining 19%, the leaf and neck resistances were not correlated. Whether or not this is due to the occurrence of different races remains unknown

Identification and characterization of infectious bursal disease virus subviral particles by capillary zone electrophoresis: potential application for vaccine production and quality control

The infectious bursal disease (IBD) causes immunosuppression in chicken of all ages and high mortality in young chicken, posing serious threat to poultry industry worldwide. One promising strategy for preventing this highly contagious disease is using recombinant subunit vaccine, employing VP2 subviral particles (SVP) as epitomic antigen. Analytical techniques of viral-like particles such as SDS-PAGE, western blot, or high-performance size-exclusion chromatography have been widely applied, but mostly unsatisfactory. In the present study, a simple, fast and cost-effective capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with UV-detection was developed to analyze purified IBDV-SVP (expressed by Escherichia coli system) using commercial monoclonal antibody (mAb) against VP2. To find satisfying CZE conditions, injection mode, separation voltage, and separation buffer were explored. Through the modified CZE, mAb and SVP could be well separated and shown distinct peaks in the electropherogram. Furthermore, to determine the stoichiometry, the area of the mAb peak versus SVP/mAb binding ratio was plotted and indicated that 2 or 3 receptor molecules were bound per SVP. The purity and integrity of SVP and the interactions between SVP and mAb could be analyzed by the developed simple CZE-UV method in less than half hour. This CZE-UV method proved to be a valuable and useful tool in detection, characterization, and quantification of IBDV-SVP and the mAb, offering potential applications of in-process quality control of vaccine production, surveillance of serum antibody produced against IBDV infection, or vaccine immunization