Children's co-determination during challenging procedures : nurses and parents experiences of caring under short-term hospital stays in Norway

Background: Medical and clinical procedures can cause varying levels of discomfort to children. Purpose: This study is to deepen the understanding of the lived experiences of parents and nurses related to challenging medical and clinical procedures performed on children during short-term hospital stays. Design and Methods: This qualitative study, which comprises part of a larger study, adopted a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The data were obtained through a combination of in-depth interviews and observations of twelve parents of eleven children and seventeen nurses. A narrative re-analysis was conducted of four challenging medical and clinical procedures. Four stories were written and subsequently analyzed as one narrative that represents the findings. Results: The form of nurses' and parents' care for the children ranged from encouraging the children's consent and receptiveness to the procedures, to coercion. The analysis indicates that promoting the children's co-determination and participation in the procedures encouraged their consent and receptiveness and facilitated a successful outcome. In contrast, an absence of efforts to involve the children in the procedures contributed to the need for coercion to be employed by parents and nurses. Moreover, parental influence and the responsibilities of nurses had an impact on children's co-determination and participation. Conclusions: Preparing parents and children before and during a procedure was important to minimize the degree of coercion of the children. Practice implications: The findings of this study are relevant to clinical practice because they suggest preparing parents and children before and during a procedure situation. Keywords: children in hospital, nurse, parents, lived experience, narrative, procedure situations, coercing, consentpublishedVersio

Selected Metaphors in Elie Wiesel

Who is Elie Wiesel? Elie Wiesel, a Jewish writer, is the 1986 winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. He was born on September 30, 1928 in Sighet, Rumania, a small village in the Carpathian Mountains. When he was a young boy, he was a sensitive student who especially enjoyed studying the Talmud and other Jewish religious texts. In 1944 when he was fifteen, his father, a shopkeeper; his mother, an educated woman; his two older sisters, a baby sister and he were deported by cattle car to Auschwitz. The men and women were separated; he never saw his mother and baby sister again. He watched his father die from mistreatment, beatings, and starvation. After the war he and his older sisters were reunited. One sister is now deceased. When the war was over Wiesel was seventeen and quite sick. He was taken with other survivors of Buchenwald to France. Working and studying in Paris, he was eventually hired as a journalist. Wiesel vowed not to write about his Holocaust experience for ten years. After those years he was encouraged to write Night, his autobiography, followed by twenty other books in twenty years. Most of his books deal with the Holocaust. Wiesel continues to study the Bible and the Talmud today. After he completes many pages for a book he cuts and condenses into fewer pages. He has written Bible stories, stories of Russian Jews, retold old Jewish Hasidic tales and legends and written on other themes as well as his major theme of the Holocaust. Always bearing witness, Wiesel works with an end in view, that is, to prevent killers from killing again. He believes that the story of the Holocaust must be told so that such a catastrophe will never be repeated. French is the language in which Elie Wiesel writes. New York is their home. Wiesel, a lecturer, traveler, storyteller, and witness, is the Andrew Mellon Distinguished Professor of the Humanities at Boston University. Elie Wiesel\u27s literary witness is supported historically and photographically by The Auschwitz Album, a book based upon an album discovered by a concentration camp survivor, Lili Meier

Analysis of Productivity of Sheep Having Tails of Different Lengths

This study was conducted to determine if taillessness has any effect on production characters in the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment station’s No-Tail sheep flock. Taillessness in this flock is derived from six Siberian fat-rumped sheep brought to South Dakota in 1913. These sheep did not have a tail but had a large gob of fat on either side of the rump. They were crossed with common United States breeds to develop a breed of sheep with good mutton and wool qualities as well as being tailless. Initial crossbreeding from which the No-Tail flock was established was done in 1913. Records were kept each year, but prior to 1947 they were limited to pedigree, birth date, lamb tail length, and birth weight. The data used in this study include records of the No-tail flock for the years 1947 through 1960. A total of 763 lambs were used in characterizing the traits which were measured. There were 614 of these records that had complete data for tail length, birth weight, and 120-day weight. Means for the other factors were based on the maximum number of records for each of the traits measured. Means have been calculated for tail length, birth weight, 120-day weight, yearling fleece weight, and yearling staple length. For these characterizations, lambs were classified by tail length, type of birth, type of rearing, and sex. The results indicated that tail length has no effect on any of the characters studied in this thesis. There was an influence of sex on birth-weight of the 622 lambs. Sex had a significant influence on 120-day weight. The influence of sex on yearling fleece weight was very small and it did not influence yearling staple length

4-H Handicraft Guide Metal Craft

Metalcraft is an art that dates back mamy centuries, yet always proves to be very fascinating and practical. Metals most commonly tooled are aluminum, copper, and brass. The tooling of thin sheets of these materials is a craft that may be done by a first grader or a skilled craftsman. Annealed (softened) metals are best for hand tooling. The desirable thickness varies from 40 gauge to 34 gauge; 36 gauge is most commonly used. The metals are rolled into coils, and are sold by the lineal foot. They can be cut to the desirable size by household shears. The coils range from 12 to 24 inches wide

Temperature tolerance and distribution of the invasive non-indigenous red algae Agarophyton vermiculophyllum in seagrass meadows in Norway

Postponed access: the file will be accessible after 2023-09-15Masteroppgave i biologiBIO399MAMN-BIOMAMN-HAVS

Parents’ and nurses’ ideal collaboration in treatment-centered and home-like care of hospitalized preschool children : a qualitative study

Background: The hospitalization of children requires collaboration between parents and nurses in partnerships. This study examines parents’ and nurses’ experiences of ideal collaboration in treatment-centered and home-like care of hospitalized preschool children. Methods: This qualitative study is part of a larger study of 12 parents and 17 nurses who were responsible for 11 hospitalized children. Data collection took place at a Norwegian general paediatric unit, and the data were gathered from observations of and qualitative interviews with the parents and nurses. The analysis was conducted in six steps, in alignment with Braun and Clarke. Results: Two essential themes emerged from the analysis. (1) Treatment-centered care focuses on the following tasks in building relationships – gaining trust, securing – gaining voluntariness, distracting and comforting, and securing and gaining voluntariness. The purpose of treatment-centered care is to perform diagnostic procedures and offer treatment. (2) Home-like care, the purpose of which is to manage a child’s everyday situations in an unfamiliar environment, focuses on the following tasks: making familiar meals, maintaining normal sleeping patterns, adjusting to washing and dressing in new situations, and normalizing the time in between. From this pattern, we chose two narratives that capture the essence of ideal collaboration between parents and nurses. Conclusion: The ideal collaboration between nurses and parents is characterized by flexibility and reciprocity, and is based on verbal and action dialogues. In treatment-centered care, parent-nurse collaboration was successful in its flow and dynamic, securing the children’s best interests. Meanwhile, the achievement of the children’s best interest within home-like care varied according to the level of collaboration, which in turn was related to the complexity of the children’s everyday situations. Keywords: children’s hospitalization, preschool, nurse-parent collaboration, qualitative design, field study, interviewpublishedVersio

Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type III: a review of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia (ADCA) Type III is a type of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) classically characterized by pure cerebellar ataxia and occasionally by non-cerebellar signs such as pyramidal signs, ophthalmoplegia, and tremor. The onset of symptoms typically occurs in adulthood; however, a minority of patients develop clinical features in adolescence. The incidence of ADCA Type III is unknown. ADCA Type III consists of six subtypes, SCA5, SCA6, SCA11, SCA26, SCA30, and SCA31. The subtype SCA6 is the most common. These subtypes are associated with four causative genes and two loci. The severity of symptoms and age of onset can vary between each SCA subtype and even between families with the same subtype. SCA5 and SCA11 are caused by specific gene mutations such as missense, inframe deletions, and frameshift insertions or deletions. SCA6 is caused by trinucleotide CAG repeat expansions encoding large uninterrupted glutamine tracts. SCA31 is caused by repeat expansions that fall outside of the protein-coding region of the disease gene. Currently, there are no specific gene mutations associated with SCA26 or SCA30, though there is a confirmed locus for each subtype. This disease is mainly diagnosed via genetic testing; however, differential diagnoses include pure cerebellar ataxia and non-cerebellar features in addition to ataxia. Although not fatal, ADCA Type III may cause dysphagia and falls, which reduce the quality of life of the patients and may in turn shorten the lifespan. The therapy for ADCA Type III is supportive and includes occupational and speech modalities. There is no cure for ADCA Type III, but a number of recent studies have highlighted novel therapies, which bring hope for future curative treatments.</p

Topography and clinical features of iris melanoma

Background To characterise the topographical and clinical features of primary iris melanoma and to visualise the patterns of tumour extent in the iris. Methods Clinical characteristics of iris melanomas were analysed, and data on their size, shape, and location were converted into a database of two-dimensional iris charts by means of computer-drawing software. The geometric centre of each tumour was entered into corresponding sectors of the chart. The extent of the melanomas was computationally visualised by merging the iris drawings and displaying the number of overlapping tumours on colour-coded iris maps. Results Twenty-nine patients (18 females and 11 males) with a mean age of 52 years met the inclusion criteria. The mean largest tumour diameter was 6.1 mm (range, 1.8–11.0 mm). Five tumours (17%) involved the pupillary margin, 10 (34%) involved the iris root, and 10 (34%) involved both sites. The hemispheric location of the tumour centroid was superior in 3 eyes (11%) and inferior in 25 (89%) (p < 0.0001), and the distribution between the temporal and nasal hemispheres was 17 (61%) and 11 (39%), respectively (p = 0.26). In females, the iris melanomas were located more temporally (p  =  0.02) and had more often originated from a pre-existing naevus (p = 0.03), than in males. There was also shift towards more temporally located melanomas in younger patients. Conclusions The lower temporal iris quadrant is the preferential area of melanoma occurrence and growth. Iris melanoma tends to be more temporally located in females, who compared with males also have a higher proportion of melanomas arising from a pre-existing naevus.publishedVersio

Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency Causing Neonatal Seizures and Global Developmental Delay

ABSTRACT: Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a rare degenerative brain disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. It presents early in neonatal life with seizures, feeding difficulty and spasticity, sometimes misdiagnosed as neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Neuroimaging findings are consistent with loss of white matter and volume along with cystic encephalomalacic changes. Most of the patients have mutations in the MOCS1 and MOCS2 genes causing imbalance in the sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism leading to progressive neurological damage and early childhood death in majority of cases. We report a case of a 7 months old child, product of non-consanguineous marriage with history of neonatal seizures and global developmental delay. Examination showed facial dysmorphism and spasticity with neuroimaging showing marked cortical atrophy and agenesis of corpus callosum

Supraglacial forcing of subglacial drainage in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet

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