Experimental grounding of the efficiency of the use of elastic operating elements in the devices for pre-sowing seed treatments

The article is devoted to the experimental studies of the effect of elastic operating elements of a mixer-dresser on seeds. Conducted experimental studies have shown the effectiveness of using the elastic operating elements for pre-sowing seed treatments. The proposed device is intended for the intensification of the process of mixing and dressing, excluding the traumatizing of seeds, and the harmful effect of protectant preparations on maintenance workers, while simplifying and reducing the cost of construction without additional power inputs. Experimental studies have confirmed the hypothesis, that the use ofshells, made of elastic materials,in the function of mixing devices, significantly reduces the time of preparation of homogeneous mixtures, due to the ability to accumulate the potential energy and to transfer it to the granular material,in the form of kinetic energy of mixed particles motion. Based on the performed researches, 3D model of the device for pre-sowing seed treatments has been developed. Hybrid elastic mixer-dressers can be used in agricultural enterprises, dealing with the issues of obtaining multicomponent granular mixtures and seed dressing.Web of Science97S74273

In Vitro Cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots and Their Interaction with Biological Systems

Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) have a wide range of potential application in multiplexed tissue and cell imaging, and for in vivo molecular diagnostics and therapy. Therefore studying of the toxicity of QDs and their influence on various cellular processes in vitro is necessary to understand their interaction with living systems.; The paper presents the results of studies on the evaluation of CdSe/ZnS QD cytotoxicity, as well as the results of studying their interaction with freshly prepared human monocytes in vitro. Keywords: Quantum dots, semiconductor nanocrystals, cytotoxicity, in vitro models, monocytes

Темпоральные нормы института банкротства

In the context of the burgeoning Russian insolvency law, the applicable regulations may undergo essential changes over a bankruptcy period due to lengthy insolvency procedures. In such case, a pivotal question for the bankruptcy participants is the application of legal developments that significantly affect the participants’ scope of rights and obligations to the initiated procedure.This study is aimed to develop and substantiate a unified procedure for the commencement of legal provisions governing the bankruptcy procedure.The following tasks promote the above purpose:1) Determining applied options of commencement of amendments to the Insolvency Law;2) Weighing strengths and weaknesses of the determined options;3) Concluding on the most suitable procedure for commencement of amendments in these legal relationships.The analysis of amendments to the Insolvency Law highlights the absence of a legislator’s unified approach. The article outlines seven models of amendments commencement used by the legislator:1) amendments to the Insolvency Law do not describe the commencement procedure, so the general rule applies here: entry into force after ten days upon the date of their official publication;2) amendments to the Insolvency Law explicitly specify the date of entry into force or the period on the expiry of which the amendments enter into force;3) amendments to the Insolvency Law enter into force on the day of their official publication;4) amendments to the Insolvency Law apply in bankruptcy cases in which proceedings are initiated after the date of the amendments commencement;5) amendments to the Insolvency Law single out a cluster of legal relationships (e.g. legal relationships in current costs accounting) to which the amendments apply immediately (which is an exception to the general term of amendments commencement);6) amendments to the Insolvency Law specify legal facts, given which a new version of the law shall or shall not apply; in particular, the legislator has used the following jural facts (1) the beginning of settlements with creditors of the third priority; (2) the completion of a monitoring procedure in relation to an indebted developer;7) amendments to the Insolvency Law imply an extension of new rules to earlier existing legal relationships.Following the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the given models the authors believe that a new legal regulation (if any) shall be recognized when the bankruptcy case moves from one procedure to another. At the date of transition, the current version of the law in force is determined, its reference indicated in the judicial act. This mechanism allows the parties to the legal relationship to know with certainty the legal assessment from the judicial act and to build on the new legal regulation in their line of conduct. In the event of a fundamental change in the law, the parties will be protected by the current procedure as a temporary safeguard.This will make the bankruptcy procedure foreseeable for the parties and prevent unpredictable risks that did not exist at the initiation of the bankruptcy proceedings.Рассматривается законодательство о банкротстве, относящееся к наиболее динамично развивающимся сферам правового регулирования. Длительность процедур несостоятельности обусловливает возникновение ситуации, когда за период банкротства применимое законодательство претерпевает существенные изменения. В этом случае для участников дела о банкротстве принципиальным становится вопрос о применении к возбужденной процедуре нововведений, существенным образом влияющих на комплекс прав и обязанностей ее участников. Проведенный анализ изменяющих законодательство о банкротстве норм позволяет констатировать отсутствие единого подхода законодателя к установлению правил их применения. Указывается на необходимость разработки единого критерия применения новых норм о банкротстве, предлагается вариант решения обозначенной проблемы

Cytotoxicity of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Encoded with Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules are promising carriers of drugs and diagnostic agents for designing targeted and controlled delivery systems design. The use of quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent labels in bioimaging is a promising approach to bioimaging tool development. The potential toxicity of QDs makes their applicability as fluorescent labels in vivo questionable. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of polyelectrolyte microcapsules encoded with semiconductor nanocrystals has been investigated. Keywords: Polyelectrolyte microcapsules, semiconductor nanocrystals, cytotoxicity, theranostic agents

Student readiness formation for activities oriented to health saving

The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the need of formation and development among students of educational organizations of the personal qualities directed to updating of their potential concerning preservation and promotion of health, organization of own style of a healthy lifestyle, i.e. formation of readiness for healthoriented activity - HOA. The purpose of the article consists in the development of conceptual aspects of readiness formation of students for HOA. The leading methodological approach to the research of this problem is a personal and activity approaches, allowing us to disclose the features of organization of an educational process directed to readiness formation of students for HOA. Conceptual aspects of students’ readiness formation for HOA conclude in the fact that health is considered as a target resource of a person which can be operated; the basis of this resource is the health saving potential of the person, its components and phases of development are presented; the model of student readiness for HOA is developed. Materials of the article can be useful to pedagogical workers regarding the organization of activities for preservation and promotion of student health in educational organizations, by means of change of intrinsic and substantial components of this activity. © 2016 Tretyakova et al

Особенности и последствия импортозамещения в России

The article discusses the features of the import substitution policy and reveals both positive and negative effects on food self-sufficiency of the population of Russia in the sanctions period. The study identified the direct effect of economic sanctions and imposed embargoes (loss of income, rise in prices for food products, reduction in the food basket), as well as the attitude of the population to the policy of food import substitution. The results of the sociological survey in the form of a volunteer survey of the population on the example of a particular region by the method of handout questionnaire are presented. It is concluded that a reorientation to the consumption of domestic food items occurred in the region while reducing the consumption of certain food items.El artículo analiza las características de la política de sustitución de importaciones e identifica consecuencias positivas y negativas para la autosuficiencia alimentaria de la población Rusa durante el período de las sanciones. El estudio reveló el impacto directo de las sanciones económicas y los embargos (pérdida de ingresos, aumento de los precios de los alimentos, reducción de la canasta de alimentos), así como las actitudes públicas hacia la política de sustitución de importaciones de alimentos. Presenta los resultados de una encuesta sociológica en forma de una encuesta voluntaria a la población sobre el ejemplo de una región específica por el método de distribución de cuestionarios. Se concluye que la región se ha desplazado al consumo de alimentos domésticos al tiempo que reduce el consumo de ciertos alimentos.В статье рассматриваются особенности политики импортозамещения и выявляются как положительные, так и отрицательные последствия для продовольственной самообеспеченности населения России в период санкций. В исследовании было выявлено прямое влияние экономических санкций и введенных эмбарго (потеря доходов, рост цен на продукты питания, сокращение продовольственной корзины), а также отношение населения к политике импортозамещения продовольствия. Представлены результаты социологического опроса в виде волонтерского опроса населения на примере конкретного региона методом раздаточного анкетирования. Сделан вывод о том, что в регионе произошла переориентация на потребление внутренних продуктов питания при одновременном сокращении потребления определенных продуктов питания

Glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives as inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases 1 and 2, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and DNA polymerase β

Aim. For strengthening the efficiency of monofunctional alkylating antineoplastic drugs it is important to lower the capacity of base excision repair (BER) system which corrects the majority of DNA damages caused by these reagents. The objective was to create inhibitors of the key BER enzymes (PARP1, PARP2, DNA polymerase β, and APE1) by the directed modification of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Methods. Amides of GA were produced from the GA acetate by formation of the corresponding acyl chloride, amidation with the appropriate amine and subsequent deacylation. Small library of 2-cyano substituted derivatives of GA methyl esters was obtained by the structural modification of GA framework and carboxylic acid group. The inhibitory capacity of the compounds was estimated by comparison of the enzyme activities in specific tests in the presence of compounds versus their absence. Results. None of tested compounds inhibits PARP1 significantly. Unmodified GA and its morpholinic derivative were shown to be weak inhibitors of PARP2. The derivatives of GA containing keto-group in 11 triterpene framework were shown to be moderate inhibitors of pol β. Compound 3, containing 12-oxo-9(11)-en moiety in the ring C, was shown to be a single inhibitor of APE1 among all compounds studied. Conclusions. The class of GA derivatives, selective pol β inhibitors, was found out. The selective inhibitor of APE1 and weak selective inhibitor of PARP2 were also revealed

Signs of Selection in Synonymous Sites of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene of Baikal Oilfish (Comephoridae) by mRNA Secondary Structure Alterations

Studies over the past decade have shown a significant role of synonymous mutations in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, which is particularly associated with messenger RNA (mRNA) secondary structure alterations. Most studies focused on prokaryote genomes and the nuclear genomes of eukaryotes while little is known about the regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene expression. This paper reveals signs of selection in synonymous sites of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) of Baikal oilfish or golomyankas (Comephoridae) directed towards altering the secondary structure of the mRNA and probably altering the character of mtDNA gene expression. Our findings are based on comparisons of intraspecific genetic variation patterns of small golomyanka (Comephorus dybowski) and two genetic groups of big golomyanka (Comephorus dybowskii). Two approaches were used: (i) analysis of the distribution of synonymous mutations between weak-AT (W) and strong-GC (S) nucleotides within species and groups in accordance with mutation directions from central to peripheral haplotypes and (ii) approaches based on the predicted mRNA secondary structure

Optical Properties of Core-Multishell Quantum Dots

During the past decade, colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) have become not only a subject of interesting fundamental research, but also a product for real-life applications. Intense activities devoted to enhancement of QDs photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), starting from early attempts to deposit protective ZnS shells atop CdSe cores, have resulted in novel designs of core-shell QDs with 100% PL QY. In this work we present a detailed analysis of optical properties of core-“multishell” (MS) QDs, whose physical structure is specifically designed to attain maximum localization of excited charge carriers inside luminescent cores, and thereby to achieve 100% PL QY. We have produced samples of core-MS QDs having 3 to 7 shell monolayers, studied the evolution of optical transitions in such QDs during the process of shell deposition, and analyzed the effects of shell thickness on the optical properties of finally obtained QDs. Specifically, studies of PL lifetimes have revealed the possibility of alternative emission mechanism, based on delayed charge carrier transfer from excited outer CdS layer of the multishell into CdSe cores. Keywords: quantum dots, core-shell, multishell, SILA

Анализ процессов взаимодействия семян с рабочими органами машин предпосевной обработки циклического действия*

Damage and destruction of seeds by working parts of agricultural machinery affects the quality of future harvest. Presowing treatment of seeds is carried out, as a rule, with machines of periodic cyclic action. (Research purpose) To determine the degree of damage caused to seeds during pre-sowing treatment with chemical and biological dressing agents in cyclic machines, to analyze the interaction processes between seeds and working parts of pre-sowing treatment machines of cyclic action. (Materials and methods) The authors examined possible options of sequencing the interaction between working parts of machines and seeds and determined the shock mechanical impact on seeds made by working parts. Basing on research results obtained by other scientists as well as a wide range of theoretical and experimental studies and the best available practices, the authors have made a comparative analysis of the existing technological solutions. (Results and discussion) The authors have examined the effect of working parts on the degree of damage caused to seeds at various stages of pre-sowing treatment: while loading, mixing, and unloading. (Conclusions) The most sparing technological process has been identified, including loading the drum with a bucket elevator and unloading the material into piles or elastic containers. In this case, damage caused to grain seeds will amount to 2.2-4.5 percent, and those of legumes – not more than 6 percent. It is recommended not to use auger loaders and paddle mixers when designing cyclic machines, since they cause severe damage to seeds, especially those of legumes, of up to 20-32 percent. The seed damage rate can be decreased due to the use of modern materials featuring high elasticity and capable of withstanding considerable stretching within the limits of elastic deformations.Повреждение и разрушение семян рабочими органами машин в результате предпосевной обработки сказывается на качестве будущего урожая. Предпосевную обработку семян обычно осуществляют машинами периодического циклического действия. (Цель исследования) Определить степень травмирования семян при предпосевной обработке химическими и биологическими препаратами в машинах циклического действия, провести анализ процессов взаимодействия семян с рабочими органами протравливателей, предложить пути снижения механических повреждений семенного материала. (Материалы и методы) Изучили возможные варианты последовательности взаимодействия рабочих органов машин с семенами. Определили влияние ударного механического воздействия рабочих органов машин на семена. На основании исследований ученых, опираясь на широкий спектр теоретических, экспериментальных работ и производственный опыт, сравнили существующие технологические схемы. (Результаты и обсуждение) Рассмотрели влияние рабочих органов на степень повреждения семян на различных этапах протравливания: во время загрузки, смешения, выгрузки. (Выводы) Выявили наиболее щадящий технологический процесс, включающий загрузку барабана ковшовой норией и выгрузку материала в бурты или эластичную тару. При этом повреждение семян зерновых культур составит 2,2-4,5 процента, а бобовых – не более 6 процентов. Рекомендовали при конструировании машин циклического действия не использовать шнековые погрузчики и лопастные мешалки, так как они сильно травмируют семена, особенно бобовых культур – до 20-32 процентов. С целью снижения степени повреждения семян в конструкциях протравливателей предложили применять современные материалы, обладающие высокой эластичностью, способные испытывать значительные растяжения в пределах упругих деформаций