ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC POTENTIAL OF IPOMOEA BATATAS LEAVES IN VALIDATED DIABETIC ANIMAL MODELS

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic potential of the leaves of Ipomoea batatas.Methods: The crude powder, 95% ethanolic, 50% ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ipomoea batatas leaves were administered to normoglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats in a single dose study. The chloroform, butanol and aqueous fractions of aqueous extract were investigated for their antihyperglycemic on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Multiple dose study of an aqueous fraction was also done in STZ and neonatal STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further, the aqueous fraction was measured against the alpha glucosidase and aldose reductase enzymes, and glucose uptake in L6 myotubes.Results: The aqueous extract showed significant lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia of post sucrose loaded normal rats and significantly declined the blood glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous fraction at a single dose of 100 mg/kg b. w in comparison with chloroform and butanol fractions significantly lowered the blood glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous fraction in a multiple dose study were found to significantly improved the percent glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), serum insulin, lipid profile, liver and kidney parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Marked improvement in OGTT and serum insulin levels was also found in neonatal STZ-induced diabetic rats. In vitro study, the aqueous fraction of I. batatas increased glucose uptake in L6 myotubes and inhibits the α-glucosidase and aldose reductase enzymes.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the significant antidiabetic activity of the I. batatas leaves by promoting insulin secretion, alpha glucosidase and aldose reductase enzyme inhibition.Â

Socio-economics of wheat production in Kailali and Sunsari districts of Nepal

For socio-economic assessment on wheat production, research was conducted from March to June, 2019 in two major wheat growing districts of Nepal, Kailai and sunsari. The primary information was collected by face to face interview using the pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule, two Key Informant Surveys were also done.In addition, the secondary information were collected from the review of related literatures. The survey areas were selected by consultating with Agriculture Knowledge Centre and agricultural officials of the local government; sample were selected by using simple random sampling. All total, 194 samples were selected for this study; the outliers and incomplete responses were omitted. The descriptive statistics revealed that Nepal 297 (66.16 %) has the highest area coverage in Sunsari while Gautam (36.50%) has the highest coverage in Kailali. Multiple regression model revealed that wheat cultivated area (p= 0.000), adoption of NARC released varieties (p= 0.000), gender of the household head (p= 0.017), age of the household head (p= 0.040), membership of organization (p= 0.094) and number of family members between age group 15 to 59 years (p= 0.085) have significant effect on wheat production. Furthermore, the unpaired t-test showed that the mean productivity of wheat in Kailali (2.99 Mt./ha) is significantly higher than that of Sunsari (2.81t./ha) at 5% level of significance. To increase the wheat productivity, the concerned government agricultural institutions should: assure access to NARC released improved varieties, make policy to consolidate the fragmented land, encourage the economically active population and the household heads towards wheat production by providing the efficient technical and financial support

Interleukin-10 gene promoter variants and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy; a meta-analysis

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes patients. There is ample evidence that the inflammatory pathways are central to both diabetes and DN. Several studies that examined the link between the interleukin-10 (IL10) polymorphisms and DN risk yielded conflicting results. Objectives: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the associations between IL10 promoter polymorphisms and DN risk. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out on PubMed, Google scholar and Web of Science from the beginning until July 30, 2020. Association between IL10 promoter variants (-1082 A>G, -819 C>T and -592 C>A) and DN risk were assessed by considering diabetes without nephropathy (DWN) as well as healthy controls. Data were retrieved and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: For the IL10 -1082 A> G analysis, a total of 4 studies with DWN controls (682 cases and 529 controls) and 5 studies with healthy controls (1025 cases and 1625 controls) were considered. For the IL10 -819 C> T analysis, a total of three studies with DWN controls (9619 cases and 445 controls) and 5 studies with healthy controls (1005 cases and 1537 controls) were considered. For the IL10 -592 C> T analysis, a total of 5 studies with DWN controls (819 cases and 645 controls) and 5 studies with healthy controls (1005 cases and 1537 controls) were considered. In addition, there was no evidence of publication bias for IL10 promoter variants. No substantial association was observed between IL10 promoter variants and DN risk. Conclusion: Our study signifies that polymorphisms of IL10 -1082 A>G, -819 C>T and -592 C>A are not linked with DN risk

Antidiabetic Potential of Potentilla fulgens Roots in Validated Animal Models of Diabetes

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic potential of tap roots of Potentilla fulgens in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat models. The crude powder, ethanolic, ethanolic: aqueous and aqueous extracts of tap roots were administered to normoglycemic- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats in a single dose study. The ethanolic extract showed significant improvement in oral glucose tolerance and antihyperglycemic effect on sucrose loaded normal rats and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Of the isolated aqueous, n-butanol, chloroform and n-hexane soluble fractions of the active ethanolic extract of the roots, the aqueous fraction (100 mg/kg body weight) showed significant blood glucose lowering effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats. In a multiple dose study, aqueous fraction of ethanolic extract of P. fulgens roots significantly improved the body weight, percent glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), serum insulin, lipid profile, liver and kidney parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous fraction also showed marked improvement in OGTT and serum insulin level in neonatal STZ-induced diabetic rats for 30 consecutive days. The aqueous fraction of the roots also inhibited the activity of alpha (α)-glucosidase enzyme in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, the finding suggested that an aqueous fraction of tap roots of P. fulgens possessed potential antidiabetic activity

EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA FRUITS ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS

Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of Momordica charantia fruits on diabetes mellitus and its related complications.Methods: Crude powder, aqueous, 95% and 50% ethanol extract of Momordica charantia fruits were administered to normal rats post sucrose load and streptozotocin-induced (STZ-induced) diabetic rats in single-dose study. The aqueous extract was further fractionated into butanol and aqueous fractions which were evaluated for the antihyperglycemic activity at a single dose in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The multiple dose effect of aqueous fraction was studied in high-fructose diet fed (HFD) rats and STZ-induced diabetic rats. The effect of the same fraction on cellular glucose uptake and insulin-signaling was studied in rat skeletal muscle cells (L6).Results: The aqueous extract of Momordica charantia fruits showed significant lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia in normal rats and also lowered blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The butanol and aqueous fractions also significantly declined the blood glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats in single-dose administration with comparatively higher activity in aqueous fraction. In a multiple - dose study the aqueous fraction significantly improved fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, plasma insulin level, lipid profile, hepatic and renal parameters in both high-fructose diet fed and STZ-induced diabetic rats. In vitro study of L6 cells revealed that the aqueous fraction significantly increased glucose uptake by treated cells by upregulating the expression of IRS, AKT and GLUT4 at both mRNA and protein level.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the aqueous fraction of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia fruits is competent in the control of diabetes and its related complications.Â

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Antidiabetic activity of heart wood of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Pterocarpus marsupium</i> Roxb. and analysis of phytoconstituents^†</span>

363-374The crude powder, ethanolic extract and aqueous, chloroform, hexane and n-butanol soluble fractions of ethanolic extract of heart wood of P. marsupium showed marked improvement on oral glucose tolerance post sucrose load in normal rats. All these fractions except aqueous fraction showed improvement on oral glucose tolerance post sucrose load on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The crude powder, ethanolic extract and hexane and n-butanol fractions showed marked decline in blood glucose level on STZ-induced diabetic rats. The ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) when given to STZ-induced diabetic rats for 10 consecutive days declined blood glucose, improved OGTT and increased their serum insulin levels. The ethanolic extract also showed marked improvement on oral glucose tolerance on high fat-low dosed STZ-induced diabetic rats and neonatally STZ treated rats. The ethanolic extract of P. marsupium also showed marked antidyslipidemic effects on high fat diet fed Syrian golden hamsters. Altered renal and hepatic function markers and serum insulin levels of high fat diet fed-low dosed STZ-treated diabetic rats were also found towards normalization when these animals were treated with ethanolic extract of P. marsupium for 28 consecutive days. The four out of five phenolic C-glycosides isolated from n-butanol fraction of ethanolic extract of P. marsupium enhanced glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) in a dose dependent manner. It may primarily be concluded that phenolic-C-glycosides present in P. marsupium heart wood are the phytoconstituents responsible for the antihyperglycemic activity and validate the claim of antidiabetic activity of heart wood of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">P. marsupium

Thirty-day readmissions due to Venous thromboembolism in patients discharged with syncope.

A recent study found that approximately 1 in every 6 patients hospitalized for the 1st episode of syncope had an underlying pulmonary embolism (PE). As current guidelines do not strongly emphasize evaluation for PE in the workup of syncope, we hypothesize that there might be a higher rate of 30-day readmission due to untreated venous thromboembolism (VTE). The objective of this study is to measure the 30-day readmission rate due to VTE and identify predictors of 30-day readmission with VTE among syncope patients. We identified patients admitted with syncope with ICD9 diagnoses code 780.2 in the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD-2013), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). The 30-day readmission rate was calculated using methods described by HCUP. Logistic-regression was used to identify predictors of 30-day readmission with VTE. Discharge weights provided by HCUP were used to generate national estimates. In 2013, NRD included 207,339 eligible patients admitted with syncope. The prevalence rates of PE and DVT were 1.1% and 1.4%, respectively. At least one syncope associated condition was present in 60.9% of the patients. Among the patients who were not diagnosed with VTE during index admission for syncope (N = 188,015), 30-day readmission rate with VTE was 0.5% (0.2% with PE and 0.4% with DVT). In conclusion, low prevalence of VTE in patients with syncope and extremely low 30-day readmission rate with VTE argues against missed diagnoses of VTE in index admission for syncope. These results warrant further studies to determine clinical impact of work up for PE in syncope patients without risk factors