The influence of Hobbes, Locke, and Berkeley on the English and Scottish aestheticians of the eighteenth century

My aim in this thesis has been to try to show how English and Scottish. aestheticians in the eighteenth century drew upon certain ideas prominent in the writings of Hobbes, Locke, and Berkeley, and used them in formulating solutions to problems facing them. In doing this, I have tried to exclude all issues, even closely related ones, which might distract attention from mfr principal theme. Questions of such moment as the influence of Bacon on Hobbes, the relation of eighteenth century aesthetic theory to ancient aesthetic: the influence of French philosophers and aestheticians on their English counterparts, and the effects of the work of Shaftesbury and Hume have therefore received no special attention.The field I have tried to coaxer is a large one, and is still relatively speaking unexplored, though there has been a re- awakening of interest in it in the last fifteen years, chiefly in the United States and in Italy. But an enormous amount of work remains to be done, and I can claim to have done no more than touch upon the many outstanding problems.The scheme I have adopted is as follows. The first part I have devoted to individual problems which may be classed as psychological in nature, and some at least of which had to be investigated before any aesthetic could be developed. The second part deals with questions more purely philosophical - the nature of perceptions, ideas, and language. Finally, in the third part; I have tried to trace the growth of two of the most important schools of aesthetic hive thought, both of which seem town out of suggestions made by Hobbes and Locke. An all too short introduction is provided in the hope of supplying what is necessarily lacking in a thesis of this nature - an overall view of the period concerned, such as can not unfortunately be found in any other book in English. The nearest approach to a history of eighteenth century English aesthetic theory is Dr. Rossics introduction to his recent work, L'Estetica dell'Empirismo Inglese

Automated detection of artefacts in neonatal EEG with residual neural networks

Background and objective: To develop a computational algorithm that detects and identifies different arte-fact types in neonatal electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Methods: As part of a larger algorithm, we trained a Residual Deep Neural Network on expert human annotations of EEG recordings from 79 term infants recorded in a neonatal intensive care unit (112 h of 18-channel recording). The network was trained using 10 fold cross validation in Matlab. Artefact types included: device interference, EMG, movement, electrode pop, and non-cortical biological rhythms. Per-formance was assessed by prediction statistics and further validated on a separate independent dataset of 13 term infants (143 h of 3-channel recording). EEG pre-processing steps, and other post-processing steps such as averaging probability over a temporal window, were also included in the algorithm. Results: The Residual Deep Neural Network showed high accuracy (95%) when distinguishing periods of clean, artefact-free EEG from any kind of artefact, with a median accuracy for individual patient of 91% (IQR: 81%-96%). The accuracy in identifying the five different types of artefacts ranged from 57%-92%, with electrode pop being the hardest to detect and EMG being the easiest. This reflected the proportion of artefact available in the training dataset. Misclassification as clean was low for each artefact type, ranging from 1%-11%. The detection accuracy was lower on the validation set (87%). We used the algorithm to show that EEG channels located near the vertex were the least susceptible to artefact. Conclusion: Artefacts can be accurately and reliably identified in the neonatal EEG using a deep learning algorithm. Artefact detection algorithms can provide continuous bedside quality assessment and support EEG review by clinicians or analysis algorithms. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Ellipticity weakens chameleon screening

The chameleon mechanism enables a long-range fifth force to be screened in dense environments when nontrivial self-interactions of the field cause its mass to increase with the local density. To date, chameleon fifth forces have mainly been studied for spherically symmetric sources; however, the nonlinear self-interactions mean that the chameleon responds to changes in the shape of the source differently to gravity. In this work we focus on ellipsoidal departures from spherical symmetry and compute the full form of the chameleon force, comparing its shape dependence to that of gravity. Enhancement of the chameleon force by up to 40% is possible when deforming a sphere to an ellipsoid of the same mass, with an ellipticity ∼0.99

Failure of interpolation in the intuitionistic logic of constant domains

This paper shows that the interpolation theorem fails in the intuitionistic logic of constant domains. This result refutes two previously published claims that the interpolation property holds.Comment: 13 pages, 0 figures. Overlaps with arXiv 1202.1195 removed, the text thouroughly reworked in terms of notation and style, historical notes as well as some other minor details adde

A proposed experimental search for chameleons using asymmetric parallel plates

Light scalar fields coupled to matter are a common consequence of theories of dark energy and attempts to solve the cosmological constant problem. The chameleon screening mechanism is commonly invoked in order to suppress the fifth forces mediated by these scalars, sufficiently to avoid current experimental constraints, without fine tuning. The force is suppressed dynamically by allowing the mass of the scalar to vary with the local density. Recently it has been shown that near future cold atoms experiments using atom-interferometry have the ability to access a large proportion of the chameleon parameter space. In this work we demonstrate how experiments utilising asymmetric parallel plates can push deeper into the remaining parameter space available to the chameleon

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inactivation Drives T-bet-Mediated Downregulation of Co-receptor PD-1 to Enhance CD8(+) Cytolytic T Cell Responses.

Despite the importance of the co-receptor PD-1 in T cell immunity, the upstream signaling pathway that regulates PD-1 expression has not been defined. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3, isoforms α and β) is a serine-threonine kinase implicated in cellular processes. Here, we identified GSK-3 as a key upstream kinase that regulated PD-1 expression in CD8(+) T cells. GSK-3 siRNA downregulation, or inhibition by small molecules, blocked PD-1 expression, resulting in increased CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function. Mechanistically, GSK-3 inactivation increased Tbx21 transcription, promoting enhanced T-bet expression and subsequent suppression of Pdcd1 (encodes PD-1) transcription in CD8(+) CTLs. Injection of GSK-3 inhibitors in mice increased in vivo CD8(+) OT-I CTL function and the clearance of murine gamma-herpesvirus 68 and lymphocytic choriomeningitis clone 13 and reversed T cell exhaustion. Our findings identify GSK-3 as a regulator of PD-1 expression and demonstrate the applicability of GSK-3 inhibitors in the modulation of PD-1 in immunotherapy.C.E.R. was supported by Wellcome Trust 092627/Z/10/Z, J.A.H. by an Irvington Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Cancer Research Institute (New York), and E.I.Z. by a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Scholar Award and a grant from the NIH AI081923. We thank Dr. Graham Lord (King’s College London) for the kind gift of the Ifng CNS-12 promoter.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Cell Press via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.01

James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element Mirror Coatings

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element (OTE) mirror coating program has been completed. The science goals of the JWST mission require a uniform, low stress, durable optical coating with high reflectivity over the JWST spectral region. The coating has to be environmentally stable, radiation resistant and compatible with the cryogenic operating environment. The large size, 1.52 m point to point, light weight, beryllium primary mirror (PM) segments and flawless coating process during the flight mirror coating program that consisted coating of 21 flight mirrors were among many technical challenges. This paper provides an overview of the JWST telescope mirror coating program. The paper summarizes the coating development program and performance of the flight mirrors

Instituciones, Instituciones, Instituciones

El problema central que estudia la economía como ciencia social es el creci-miento económico, los cambios en el bienestar material de los países en el largo plazo. ¿Cuáles son las causas de la prosperidad? Y, más al grano, ¿por qué algunos países se desarrollan y otros no? ¿Qué factores explican la Gran Divergencia - la desigual propagación internacional de la Revolución Industrial durante los últimos doscientos años? En 2009, el país más rico del mundo, Noruega, tenía un pi Breal por habitante 490 veces mayor que el del más pobre, la República Democrá-tica del Congo (The Economist, 2012, p. 26). ¿Por qué existen estas enormes diferencias?incluye referencias bibliográficas (páginas 244- 245)