89 research outputs found
A possible experimental determination of from decays
scattering and decays are studied at leading order of
improved chiral perturbation theory. It is shown that high precision experiments at, e.g., DANE should allow for a direct measurement of
the quark mass ratio /.Comment: 9 pages, preprint IPNO-TH 93-17, 2 figures not included, available
upon request, plain Latex, April 199
Integration of leadership training into a problem/case-based learning program for first- and second-year medical students.
Purpose: The evolution of health care systems in response to societal and financial pressures has changed care delivery models, which presents new challenges for physicians. Leadership training is increasingly being recognized as an essential component of medical education training to prepare physicians to meet these needs. Unfortunately, most medical schools do not include leadership training. It has been suggested that a longitudinal and integrated approach to leadership training should be sought. We hypothesized that integration of leadership training into our hybrid problem-based learning (PBL)/case-based learning (CBL) program, Patient-Centered Explorations in Active Reasoning, Learning and Synthesis (PEARLS), would be an effective way for medical students to develop leadership skills without the addition of curricular time.
Methods: We designed a unique leadership program in PEARLS in which 98 medical students participated during each of their six courses throughout the first 2 years of school. A program director and trained faculty facilitators educated students and coached them on leadership development throughout this time. Students were assessed by their facilitator at the end of every course on development of leadership skills related to teamwork, meaningful self-assessment, process improvement, and thinking outside the box.
Results: Students consistently improved their performance from the first to the final course in all four leadership parameters evaluated. The skills that demonstrated the greatest change were those pertaining to thinking outside the box and process improvement.
Conclusion: Incorporation of a longitudinal and integrated approach to leadership training into an existing PBL/CBL program is an effective way for medical students to improve their leadership skills without the addition of curricular time. These results offer a new, time-efficient option for leadership development in schools with existing PBL/CBL programs
Light quarks masses and condensates in QCD
We review some theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the scenario in
which the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is not triggered by a
formation of a large condensate . Emphasis is put on the resulting
pattern of light quark masses, on the constraints arising from QCD sum rules
and on forthcoming experimental tests.Comment: 23 pages, 12 Postscript figures, LaTeX, uses svcon2e.sty, to be
published in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Chiral Dynamics 1997, Mainz,
Germany, Sept. 1-5, 199
The Low Energy Amplitude to One and Two Loops
The low-energy amplitude is computed explicitly to two-loop accuracy
in the chiral expansion. It depends only on six independent (combinations of)
low-energy constants which are not fixed by chiral symmetry. Four of these
constants are determined {\it via} sum rules which are evaluated using
scattering data at higher energies. Dependence of the low-energy phase shifts
and of the threshold parameters on the remaining two constants (called
and ) are discussed and compared to the existing data from
experiments. Using generalised PT, the constants and are
related to fundamental QCD parameters such as the quark condensate and the quark mass ratio . It is shown
that forthcoming accurate low-energy data can be used to provide, for
the first time, experimental evidence in favour of or against the existence of
a large quark-antiquark condensate in the QCD vacuum.Comment: 61 pages, LaTeX, 10 figures in separate tarred, compressed and
uuencoded Postscript fil
High levels of anti-tuberculin (IgG) antibodies correlate with the blocking of T-cell proliferation in individuals with high exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
SummaryObjectivesTo determine the effect of anti-tuberculin antibodies in the T-cell proliferation in response to tuberculin and Candida antigens in individuals with different levels of tuberculosis (TB) risk.MethodsSixteen high-risk TB individuals, 30 with an intermediate TB risk (group A), and 45 with a low TB risk (group B), as well as 49 control individuals, were studied. Tuberculin skin test (TST) results were analyzed and serum levels of antibodies (IgG and IgM) against purified protein derivative (PPD) were measured by ELISA. Tuberculin and Candida antigens were used to stimulate T-cell proliferation in the presence of human AB serum or autologous serum.ResultsHigh levels of anti-tuberculin IgG antibodies were found to be significantly associated with the blocking of T-cell proliferation responses in cultures stimulated with tuberculin but not with Candida antigens in the presence of autologous serum. This phenomenon was particularly frequent in high-risk individuals with high levels of anti-tuberculin IgG antibodies in the autologous serum when compared to the other risk groups, which exhibited lower levels of anti-tuberculin antibodies.ConclusionsAlthough cellular immunity plays a central role in the protection against TB, humoral immunity is critical in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in high-risk individuals with latent TB infection
Pi-eta scattering and the resummation of vacuum fluctuation in three-flavour ChPT
We discuss various aspects of resummed chiral perturbation theory, which was
developed recently in order to consistently include the possibility of large
vacuum fluctuations of the ss-pairs and the scenario with smaller value of the
chiral condensate for N_f=3. The subtleties of this approach are illustrated
using a concrete example of observables connected with pi-eta scattering. This
process seems to be a suitable theoretical laboratory for this purpose due to
its sensitivity to the values of the O(p^4) LEC's, namely to the values of the
fluctuation parameters L4 and L6. We discuss several issues in detail, namely
the choice of `good' observables and properties of their bare expansions, the
`safe' reparametrization in terms of physical observables, the implementation
of exact perturbative unitarity and exact renormalization scale independence,
the role of higher order remainders and their estimates. We make a detailed
comparison with standard chiral perturbation theory and use generalized ChPT as
well as resonance chiral theory to estimate the higher order remainders.Comment: Version submitted to EPJ
A characterization of ecosystem services, drivers and values of two watersheds in São Paulo State, Brazil
Anatomia de raízes de espécies de Orchidaceae do Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, Minas Gerais
Deep inelastic inclusive and diffractive scattering at values from 25 to 320 GeV with the ZEUS forward plug calorimeter
Deep inelastic scattering and its diffractive component, , have been studied at HERA with the ZEUS
detector using an integrated luminosity of 52.4 pb. The method has
been used to extract the diffractive contribution. A wide range in the
centre-of-mass energy (37 -- 245 GeV), photon virtuality (20 -- 450
GeV) and mass (0.28 -- 35 GeV) is covered. The diffractive cross
section for GeV rises strongly with , the rise becoming
steeper as increases. The data are also presented in terms of the
diffractive structure function, , of the proton. For fixed
and fixed , \xpom F^{\rm D(3)}_2 shows a strong rise as \xpom \to
0, where \xpom is the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the
Pomeron. For Bjorken-, \xpom F^{\rm D(3)}_2 shows
positive scaling violations, while for
negative scaling violations are observed. The diffractive structure function is
compatible with being leading twist. The data show that Regge factorisation is
broken.Comment: 89 pages, 27 figure
- …