30 research outputs found
Cross-Sector Review of Drivers and Available 3Rs Approaches for Acute Systemic Toxicity Testing
- Author
- British Toxicology Society (BTS)
- Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- European Commission (EC)
- European Commission (EC)
- European Commission (EC)
- European Commission (EC)
- European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP)
- European Medicines Agency (EMEA)
- European Medicines Agency (EMEA)
- Government of Canada (GC)
- Government of Canada (GC)
- Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM)
- Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods/National Toxicology Program Interage ncy Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (ICCVAM/NICEATM)
- Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods/National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (ICCVAM/NICEATM)
- Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods/National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (ICCVAM/NICEATM)
- International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)
- International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH)
- Japan Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center (FAMIC)
- Japan Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)
- Japan Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry (METI)
- Japanese Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare (MHLW)
- Japanese Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare (MHLW)
- Julia Scheel
- Magda Chlebus
- Ministry of Environmental Protection Peoplesā Republic of China (MEP)
- Ministry of Environmental Protection Peoplesā Republic of China (MEP)
- Ministry of Environmental Protection Peoplesā Republic of China (MEP)
- Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China (MHP)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Pilar Prieto
- Risk & Policy Analysts Limited
- Sally Robinson
- State Council of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Stuart Creton
- Tom Holmes
- Troy Seidle
- U.K. Home Office (HO)
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (HHS & EPA)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- U.S. National Research Council (NRC)
- U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
- United Nations (UN)
- United States Code (USC)
- United States Code (USC)
- United States Code (USC)
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- Publication venue
- Oxford University Press
- Publication date
- 01/05/2010
- Field of study
Acute systemic toxicity studies are carried out in many sectors in which synthetic chemicals are manufactured or used and are among the most criticized of all toxicology tests on both scientific and ethical grounds. A review of the drivers for acute toxicity testing within the pharmaceutical industry led to a paradigm shift whereby in vivo acute toxicity data are no longer routinely required in advance of human clinical trials. Based on this experience, the following review was undertaken to identify (1) regulatory and scientific drivers for acute toxicity testing in other industrial sectors, (2) activities aimed at replacing, reducing, or refining the use of animals, and (3) recommendations for future work in this area
Appendices: Supplementary Materials
- Author
- Ahmed
- Arima
- Arima
- Arima
- Arima
- Bender
- Breiman
- Brook
- Cai
- Chen
- Cheng
- Cohen
- Culter
- Defries
- Dirzo
- Ellis
- ESRI
- Fearnside
- Fischer
- Francisco-Ortega
- Freitas
- Gaveau
- Geist
- Getis
- Goldewijk
- Goldewijk
- Grainger
- Hansen
- He
- Hu
- Iverson
- Jacquemyn
- Kuhn
- Lambin
- Lambin
- Laurance
- Laurance
- Laurance
- Lewis
- Li
- Li
- Liaw
- Lin
- Lin
- Liu
- MacDicken
- Margules
- Mertens
- Miao
- Millington
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Mitchell
- Mortelliti
- Myers
- Newman
- Ovaskainen
- Page
- Paneque-GƔlvez
- Perz
- Perz
- Pimm
- Pongratz
- R Development Core Team
- Romijn
- Saunders
- Scott
- Selva
- Soares-Filho
- Sodhi
- Standing Committee of Hainan Provincial Peopleās Congress
- State Forestry Administration of the Peopleās Republic of China (SFA PRC)
- Stickler
- Taylor
- Teixeira
- Torgo
- Tulloch
- Turner
- Van der Ree
- Walker
- Wang
- Warkentin
- Wilkie
- Wood
- Xu
- Yan
- Yang
- Zhang
- Zon
- Publication venue
- 'PeerJ'
- Publication date
- Field of study
River Chief System and Water Pollution Prevention
- Author
- Chen Zhenlou
- Luo Lan
- Ministry of Health of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Health of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Schwarzenbach R P
- State Environmental Protection Administration
- State Environmental Protection Administration
- State Environmental Protection Administration
- State Environmental Protection Administration
- Tao Wang
- World Health Organ. (WHO) ed Kindhauser MK
- Publication venue
- 'IOP Publishing'
- Publication date
- Field of study
ę°“č“Øåå®å ØęµčÆåŗäŗåƹč„å »å ē“ ćēåęę åééå±å ē“ ēå¤å ē»č®”åę
- Author
- A Adhikari
- B Sivakumar
- B Wu
- B-m Cai
- C Nellemann
- C-w Liu
- E Funari
- E P Tziritis
- F Li
- G Kibria
- G M Zeng
- G-y Sun
- H Li
- H Li
- H-j Lin
- J A Nkwoji
- J A Ranjbar
- J Laursen
- J Mas-Pla
- J-c Fei
- J-h Wu
- J-h Wu
- J-w Tang
- J-w Tang
- K BengraĆÆne
- K P Singh
- L Zhang
- L-y Chai
- L-y Chai
- L-y Qu
- M J Alam
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- National Health Commission of the Peopleās Republic of China
- P Osborne
- P-y Li
- P-y Li
- Q Zhang
- R Barzegar
- R Barzegar
- R Rodriguez-Proteau
- S Giri
- S-y Li
- State Environment Protection Administration of China
- V Simeonov
- World Health Organization
- X-x Zeng
- Y Chen
- Y-p Wu
- Y-q Wu
- Z-x Wang
- Z-x Wang
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
A comprehensive overview of rural solid waste management in China
- Author
- B F Shi
- B X Qiu
- B Yue
- B Yue
- C D Qiu
- C GĆ¼ntherWMR Bernardes
- C H Ye
- C J Yang
- C M Wang
- D Q Zhang
- D Wu
- G Z Chen
- H Duan
- H H Zhang
- H L Shan
- H S Gao
- H Wang
- H Y Li
- J Q Wang
- J R Wei
- J Xie
- J Zhang
- J Zhang
- K B Chen
- K C Surendra
- K M Zhang
- K M Zhang
- K X Huang
- L H Li
- L J Wang
- L X Tang
- L Zhou
- M A Zarate
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- Ministry of Environmental Protection Ministry of Finance, National DevelopmentReform Commission of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- Ministry of Environmental Protection. Mistry of Finance of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- Ministry of HousingUrbanāRural Development of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- Ministry of HousingUrbanāRural Development of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- National Bureau of Statistics of China.
- National Bureau of Statistics of China.
- National Peopleās Congress of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- National Peopleās Congress of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- P F Wu
- P J He
- P J He
- P Taboada-Gonzalez
- Q S Zhong
- R Chen
- R Linzner
- S R He
- State Council of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- State Council of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- State Environmental Protection Administration of the Peopleās Republic of China.
- The World Bank.
- W B Gu
- W B Li
- W Liāao
- W Lu
- X Chen
- X Wei
- X Wei
- Y D Liu
- Y D Liu
- Y Li
- Y Li
- Y M Zhang
- Y N Lu
- Z H Shao
- Z Y Han
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Improved AHP method and its application in lake environmental comprehensive quality evaluationāa case study of Xuanwu Lake, Nanjing, China
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Emission factors and characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from adhesive application in indoor decoration in China
- Author
- AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China)
- AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China)
- AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China)
- AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China) and SAC (Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China)
- AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China) and SAC (Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China)
- AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China) and SAC (Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China)
- AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China) and SAC (Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China)
- Atkinson
- AVAQMD (Antelope Valley Air Quality Management District)
- Chen
- Cheng
- Cheng
- Girman
- Guo
- Han
- He
- He
- Hormigos-Jimenez
- Huang
- Hui
- Karl
- Kim
- Kroll
- Li
- Li
- Li
- Liang
- Liang
- Lin
- Liu
- Liu
- Lu
- Ma
- MEE (the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the Peopleās Republic of China)
- MEE (the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the Peopleās Republic of China)
- MEE (the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the Peopleās Republic of China)
- MEE (the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the Peopleās Republic of China)
- MĆølhave
- NBS (National Bureau of Statistics)
- NBS (National Bureau of Statistics)
- NBS (National Bureau of Statistics)
- Person
- PRC (the State Council of the People's Republic of China)
- Rao
- Schieweck
- Shanghai Rubber Products Research Institute Co. Ltd.
- Shen
- U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency)
- U.S. RAIS (The Risk Assessment Information System)
- Volkamer
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wei
- Wu
- Wu
- Wu
- Xia
- Xie
- Yuan
- Zheng
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Quantifying the heavy metal risks from anthropogenic contributions in Sichuan panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca melanoleuca) habitat
- Author
- Alloway
- Amundson
- Antoniadis
- Bhuiyan
- Bing
- Birke
- Bondada
- Calvo
- Charlton
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- DeFries
- Di Marzio
- Dietrich
- Duan
- Espin
- General Office of Gansu province (GOG)
- Goodman
- Guan
- Guo
- Ha
- Hakanson
- He
- He
- Hodson
- Huang
- Huang
- Huston
- JƤrup
- Kang
- Li
- Man
- Men
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China (MEPC)
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China (MEPC)
- Ministry of Health of the Peopleās Republic of China (MOHC)
- Muller
- Nie
- Niu
- Qingyi Ma
- Rai
- Shahid
- Song
- State Council Information Office of China (SCIOC)
- State Forestry Administration (SFA)
- State Forestry Administration (SFA)
- Taghvaee
- Teng
- Tian
- Toth
- TÅzsĆ©r
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
- Uzu
- Varol
- Wang
- Wannaz
- Wei
- Wei
- Weimeyer
- West
- Wu
- Xu
- Yan Zhao
- Yang
- Yang
- Yao Jiang
- Yi-ping Chen
- Yingjuan Zheng
- Zhao
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Evaluation of environmental health benefits of Chinaās building energy conservation policies: an integrated assessment on national and provincial levels
- Author
- [IEA] International Energy Association
- Agriculture Department of Hebei Province
- BECRC (Tsinghua universityās building energy conservation research center)
- BECRC (Tsinghua universityās building energy conservation research center)
- Beijing Tongzhou District Environmental Protection Agency
- Elisabeth Gilmore
- Fu W
- Gao T
- Hu X
- Jacobsen GD
- Li T
- Liu Y
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peopleās Republic of China
- Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development
- Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development [NDRC] National Development and Reform Commission
- National Bureau of Energy
- National Bureau of Statistics
- National Development and Reform Commission
- National Development and Reform Commission
- National Development and Reform Commission
- National Development and Reform Commission
- National Development and Reform Commission
- Qingdao City Administration
- Shan Guo
- Teng J
- The Central Peopleās Government of the Peopleās Republic of China
- The Central Peopleās Government of the Peopleās Republic of China
- The General Office of Jilin Province Peopleās Government
- The General Office of Shanghai Municipal Peopleās Government
- The State Council (China)
- The State Council (China)
- The State Council (China)
- Wang P.
- Wanqi Lin
- WHO
- Xi Yang
- Xiangzhao Feng
- Xiaoqian Xi
- Xu X
- Zeng X
- Zhang S
- Zhou L
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Changes of heavy metals in soil and wheat grain under long-term environmental impact and fertilization practices in North China
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- Field of study