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Conversation with an Interpreter: Considerations for Cross-Language, Cross-Cultural Peacebuilding Research

The ongoing processes of peacebuilding involve dialogue (Lederach 1997) and co-discovery (Freire 1970), which can sometimes be facilitated through academy-initiated research. Qualitative research provides opportunities to move from a positivist approach to a more equal, participatory, interactive exploration that benefits all participants, including the researcher in a “co-production of knowledge” (Karnieli-Miller, Strier, and Pessach 2009 p. 279). Cross-cultural, cross-language research (where researchers and participants do not share the same language), with all its riches, brings particular challenges for all involved. Beyond the issues of power and perceived power in any kind of research (Sprague 2005), in cross-cultural and cross-language research, already complex interactions are both facilitated/navigated and multiplied with the addition of an interpreter (Wallin and Ahlstrom 2006) who becomes the conduit for all interactions. This article focuses on the experiences of a cross-language interpreter involved in a participatory action study in peacebuilding in her home country of Ukraine. Her insights on the role of the interpreter, and considerations for future studies are shared through a conversation with the primary/initial inquirer at the end of this qualitative mixed-method project

Food and Negotiation of Identity among the Russian Immigrant Community of Brighton Beach

This thesis explores the construction of ethnic identity among Russian immigrants in New York, by examining how it has been negotiated and articulated through foods, including traditional and non-native foods as a vehicle for their shifting identities and for reaffirming their position and participation in mainstream American society

"Todo lo que tiene que acompañar la música, para que el concepto vaya hermanado con el acento": la música y la palabra en las misas de Francesc Valls (1671-1747)

La música sempre ha tingut una certa relació amb la paraula, la qual cosa, en diverses èpoques històriques, es transformava i s'interpretava segons el pensament de cadascuna. Aquest estudi pretén analitzar la relació entre la música i el text en les misses de Francesc Valls, un compositor català que va desenvolupar la seva activitat artística durant la primera meitat del segle XVIII, a través del prisma de la seva obra teòrica, el tractat Mapa armónico práctico, i la seva implementació pràctica. L'anàlisi musical de les cinc misses del compositor mostra diferents formes de tractar la paraula que fluctuen entre les més rudimentàries a la manera renaixentista i les més innovadores i coherents amb l'estil del Barroc tardà que reflecteixen l'evolució del llenguatge musical del mateix compositor.Music has always had a certain relationship with the word that was transformed and interpreted in various historical periods according to each one's thought. Through the prism of his theoretical work, the treatise Mapa armónico práctico and its practical implementation, this study seeks to analyse the relationship between music and text in the masses of Francesc Valls, a Catalan composer who carried out his artistic activity in the first half of the 18th century. The musical analysis of the composer's five masses shows different ways of treating the word that fluctuate between the rudimentary manner of the Renaissance and the most novel and coherent style of the late Baroque. These different forms of treatment reflect the evolution of the composer's musical language.La música siempre ha tenido una cierta relación con la palabra, lo que en varias épocas históricas se transformaba y se interpretaba según el pensamiento de cada una. Este estudio pretende analizar la relación entre la música y el texto en las misas de Francesc Valls, un compositor catalán que desarrolló su actividad artística en la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, a través del prisma de su obra teórica, el tratado Mapa armónico práctico, y su implementación práctica. El análisis musical de las cinco misas del compositor muestra diferentes formas de tratar la palabra que fluctúan entre las rudimentarias a la manera renacentista, y las más novedosas y coherentes al estilo del Barroco tardío que reflejan la evolución del lenguaje musical del mismo compositor

Microbial production of lipid-protein vesicles using enveloped bacteriophage phi6

BackgroundCystoviruses have a phospholipid envelope around their nucleocapsid. Such a feature is unique among bacterial viruses (i.e., bacteriophages) and the mechanisms of virion envelopment within a bacterial host are largely unknown. The cystovirus Pseudomonas phage phi6 has an envelope that harbors five viral membrane proteins and phospholipids derived from the cytoplasmic membrane of its Gram-negative host. The phi6 major envelope protein P9 and the non-structural protein P12 are essential for the envelopment of its virions. Co-expression of P9 and P12 in a Pseudomonas host results in the formation of intracellular vesicles that are potential intermediates in the phi6 virion assembly pathway. This study evaluated the minimum requirements for the formation of phi6-specific vesicles and the possibility to localize P9-tagged heterologous proteins into such structures in Escherichia coli.ResultsUsing transmission electron microscopy, we detected membranous structures in the cytoplasm of E. coli cells expressing P9. The density of the P9-specific membrane fraction was lower (approximately 1.13g/cm(3) in sucrose) than the densities of the bacterial cytoplasmic and outer membrane fractions. A P9-GFP fusion protein was used to study the targeting of heterologous proteins into P9 vesicles. Production of the GFP-tagged P9 vesicles required P12, which protected the fusion protein against proteolytic cleavage. Isolated vesicles contained predominantly P9-GFP, suggesting selective incorporation of P9-tagged fusion proteins into the vesicles.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the phi6 major envelope protein P9 can trigger formation of cytoplasmic membrane structures in E. coli in the absence of any other viral protein. Intracellular membrane structures are rare in bacteria, thus making them ideal chasses for cell-based vesicle production. The possibility to locate heterologous proteins into the P9-lipid vesicles facilitates the production of vesicular structures with novel properties. Such products have potential use in biotechnology and biomedicine.Peer reviewe

Media Projects as a Means of Youth Adaptation in the Conditions of the Russian-Udmurt Language Environment

Объектом исследования является молодежная пресса Удмуртии ХХ – начала ХХI вв. Предмет — технологии адаптации молодежи, используемые в медиапроектах (газетах и журналах) в условиях русско-удмуртской языковой среды. Методологической базой послужил комплекс общенаучных методов и специальных методик исследования медиапроектов. Выявлено, что технологии адаптации разрабатывают редакции при создании и функционировании медиапроектов. Представлены инструменты, средства и приемы адаптации в составе технологий, которые позволяют учитывать особенности читательской аудитории и оптимизировать процессы коммуникаций русской и удмуртской молодежи.The object of the study is the youth press of Udmurtia in the 20th – early 21st centuries. The subject is youth adaptation 371 technologies used in media projects (newspapers and magazines) in the Russian-Udmurt language environment. The methodological base was a set of general scientific methods and special methods for studying media projects. It has been revealed that adaptation technologies are developed by editors during the creation and operation of media projects. The tools, means and techniques of adaptation as part of technologies are presented, which allow taking into account the characteristics of the readership and optimizing the communication processes of Russian and Udmurt youth

The Volcanic History of the UNESCO Global Geopark Bohemian Paradise

Central Europe and the area of the UNESCO Global Geopark Bohemian Paradise have been affected by global tectonic events, especially during the last 500 million years. Volcanic phenomena are the most striking traces today of such past tectonic events. At the end of the Paleozoic, there were a number of volcanic eruptions connected to the waxing and waning of the Variscan Orogeny. Further volcanic activity came in the Neogene as a distal reaction to Alpine Orogenic processes.  All volcanic phases show the variability of volcanic processes and have been studied intensively. In addition, these volcanic events and the production of various volcanic products enabled the emergence of local world-famous mineral deposits. The extraordinarily varied geology and the large number of volcanic features is a great tourist attraction and an excellent opportunity for a vivid interpretation of the geoheritage of Central Europe

Intergenerational Transmission and Cultural Memoryas a Mission of Youth Press

На примере детско-юношеских и молодежных газет и журналов Удмуртии показано, что пресса не только информирует юных читателей, но и с помощью вербальных и визуальных средств, а также редакционных технологий транслирует межпоколенческие связи и культурную память путем публикации, в частности, произведений русских писателей и поэтов. Развивающая журналистика способствует развитию у молодых чувства патриотизма и любви к родному краю, например, с помощью материалов об исторических событиях «давно минувших дней».Using the example of youth newspapers and magazines in Udmurtia, it is shown that the press not only informs young readers, but also utilize verbal and visual means, as well as editorial technologies, to transmit intergenerational relations and cultural memory by publishing, in particular, the works of Russian writers and poets. Journalism of development contributes to the development of young peoples’ feelings of patriotism and love for their native land, for example, by using materials about the historical events of the «bygone days»

Communications in the banking market

The relevance of a research of questions of development of marketing communications in the bank sphere in modern conditions is proved. The classification of information distributed in the banking market, structured on the basis of obligation on obligatory and optional is given. According to this classification the information can be divided on a confidentiality level for opened and closed; on a source on official and unofficial; on types on news, analytical, figurative, operational and help; on genres on laws and bylaws, professional and corporate standards, official declarations, comments, a professional business analytics; as mass media in which information on official is placed, business, professional, mixed; on the sphere of forming and accumulation on internal and external. It is proved that communications in the bank sphere are represented by a difficult process in case of which development it is necessary to consider specific product characteristics and specifics of their perception by the consumer. The main set of the marketing tools used in the sphere of communication exchange in the banking market is revealed. It is established that in spite of the fact that banks in the activities for the achievement of specific purposes can use all set as traditional marketing communications (advertising, PR, sales promotion, direct marketing, personal spellings), and nonconventional means, such as viral marketing. Banks aim to reach maximum efficiency from the use of these tools by their integration, however on established practices give preference to using of advertising and PR

Genetic determinants of virulence and drug resistance of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>hominissuis</i> — a causative agent of mycobacteriosis in humans

Among the members of the large group of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (comprising more than 180 species), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is the most significant causative agent of pulmonary infection in immunocompetent individuals as well as disseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts, e.g. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Due to increased incidence rate of mycobacteriosis, especially in HIV infection, much still need to be learnt about the MAH genetic control and virulence mechanisms. Deciphering the genome contents of the M. avium strain 104 (isolated from an AIDS patient with disseminated MAH disease) allowed to compare genome sequences of M. avium strains to gain insights into genomic diversity associated with variable hosts and environments. Comparative genome analysis of MAH strains isolated from patients with pulmonary and disseminated forms of mycobacteri-osis revealed differences in the structure of the genome, affecting the key virulence genes. This review provides current data on the genetic determinants of MAH virulence associated with the initial phase of infection. Several mycobacterial virulence-associated gene families, such as mce (mammalian cell entry), mmp (mycobacterial membrane proteins), pe/ppe and esx expressed by MAH during human infection are thought to be crucial for adhesion, entry, survival, and reproduction inside host macrophages. The genetic mechanisms of MAH survival in human macrophage cell culture as well as mice exposed to toxic effects of reactive oxygen, nitric oxide, bactericidal proteins (cathelicidin) are discussed. The MAH survival in the latency-like state is important for pathogen dissemination. Some genetic and phenotypic features of MAH (absence of a cord factor, presence of plasmids, potential to “switch” morphological types of colonies) are compared with M. tuberculosis. In addition, we summarized current state of MAH drug discovery, a role of MAH intrinsic multidrug resistance, genetic control, as well as mechanisms underlying formation of resistance to various groups of antibiotics in MAH strains