The ciliate macronucleus

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A SURVEY ON ENCRYPTION ALGORITHMS AND PROTOCOLS IN SMART CARD FOR USER CENTRIC OWNERSHIP MODEL

User Centric Ownership Model (UCOM) enables the smart card users to install/delete application they prefer in their smart card. UCOM provides smart card users to have any number of applications installed on their smart cards. Though UCOM provides flexibility for the smart card users, it lacks centralized authority. UCOM creates major problem if the user has more than one application installed in his/her smart card.  Smart card may contain applications from the provider that may interrupt the proper working of the neighbor applications.  Smart card user may hack his way to a known aboutapplication through a smart card simulator. Thus, there is no security for an application in the smart card for UCOM model. This survey paper includes background and motivation about the available encryption algorithms for smart cards such as RSA, ECC, AES, DES, T-DES, ECDSA and the smart card protocols which can be used to overcome the problem of security for the applications in smart card for UCOM model

Complex interventions to implement a diabetic retinopathy care pathway in the public health system in Kerala: the Nayanamritham study protocol

Introduction: Using a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design, we aim to pilot a diabetic retinopathy (DR) care pathway in the public health system in Kerala to understand how it can be scaled up to and sustained in the whole state. Methods and analysis: Currently, there is no systematic DR screening programme in Kerala. Our intervention is a teleophthalmology pathway for people with diabetes in the non-communicable disease registers in 16 family health centres. The planned implementation strategy of the pathway will be developed based on the discrete Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy. We will use both quantitative data from a cross-sectional study and qualitative data obtained from structured interviews, surveys and group discussions with stakeholders to report the effectiveness of the DR care pathway and evaluation of the implementation strategy. We will use logistic regression models to assess crude associations DR and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy and fractional polynomials to account for the form of continuous covariates to predict uptake of DR screening. The primary effectiveness outcome is the proportion of patients in the non-communicable disease register with diabetes screened for DR over 12 months. Other outcomes include cost-effectiveness, safety, efficiency, patient satisfaction, timeliness and equity. The outcomes of evaluation of the implementation strategies include acceptability, feasibility, adoption, appropriateness, fidelity, penetration, costs and sustainability. Addition of more family health centres during the staggered initial phase of the programme will be considered as a sign of acceptability and feasibility. In the long term, the state-wide adoption of the DR care pathway will be considered as a successful outcome of the Nayanamritham study. Ethics and dissemination: The study was approved by Indian Medical Research Council (2018-0551) dated 13 March 2019. Study findings will be disseminated through scientific publications and the report will inform adoption of the DR care pathway by Kerala state in future

Clinical profile of leptospirosis with focus on inflammatory biomarkers

Background: In the last few decades leptospirosis has re-emerged and is on the rise. Infectious diseases like malaria, dengue, infective hepatitis which simulate leptospirosis being rampant, so there is a need to know the clinical profile and biomarkers of leptospirosis. Study aimed to understand the clinical profile, laboratory findings and complications of leptospirosis with focus on inflammatory biomarkers.Methods: All consecutive inpatients of J.S.S medical college hospital with clinical suspicion of leptospirosis were screened for IgM anti-leptospiral antibody. Twenty-five patients who were positive for IgM antileptospiral antibodies were considered as cases and twenty-five patients who were admitted for fever other than leptospirosis were taken as controls and subjected to detailed history, clinical examination, investigations and followed up till discharge or death.Results: The age group commonly involved was 18-55 years (84%). Most of the patients were males (76%), with occupation involving outdoor activity (66%). Common symptoms were fever (100%), musculoskeletal pain (92%), headache (80%) and jaundice (64%). Less commonly seen were respiratory symptoms (36%), bleeding (24%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (16%). Important signs seen were conjunctival suffusion, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and hypotension. Hyperbilirubinemia was predominantly of conjugated type and elevation of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase were mild to moderate. Mean bilirubin was 4.67mg/dl, Mean SGOT and SGPT were 99.23U/L and 96.97U/L respectively. ARF was seen in 48% and six of them needed haemodialysis. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 76% patients. 28% had multi-organ failure (MOF), 8% had aseptic meningitis, 8% had ARDS and 4% had GI haemorrhage.Conclusions: Musculoskeletal symptoms are most common next to fever. Conjunctival suffusion is a common finding. Liver and kidney are more commonly involved organs. MOF was significantly associated with mortality (p<.05). Thrombocytopenia was significantly related to clinical bleeding (p<.001). TNF-alpha and Interleukin-12 were significantly elevated in leptospirosis and may correlate with severity

Smart Street Light Management to Reduce Energy Consumption

Smart street light refers to public street light that adapts to movement of pedestrians and vehicles using PIR and IR proximity sensors. The smart streetlight is also referred to as adaptive street lighting, switches OFF when there is no activity but brightens when there is movement. This type of streetlight system is different from traditional or dimmable street lighting that dims at pre-determined times. Solar panels are used to power the lamps. Lamp faults are detected using LDR sensors. Lamp fault and usage can be sent using GSM

Language in tuberculosis services: can we change to patient-centred terminology and stop the paradigm of blaming the patients?

The words 'defaulter', 'suspect' and 'control' have been part of the language of tuberculosis (TB) services for many decades, and they continue to be used in international guidelines and in published literature. From a patient perspective, it is our opinion that these terms are at best inappropriate, coercive and disempowering, and at worst they could be perceived as judgmental and criminalising, tending to place the blame of the disease or responsibility for adverse treatment outcomes on one side-that of the patients. In this article, which brings together a wide range of authors and institutions from Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Pacific, we discuss the use of the words 'defaulter', 'suspect' and 'control' and argue why it is detrimental to continue using them in the context of TB. We propose that 'defaulter' be replaced with 'person lost to follow-up'; that 'TB suspect' be replaced by 'person with presumptive TB' or 'person to be evaluated for TB'; and that the term 'control' be replaced with 'prevention and care' or simply deleted. These terms are non-judgmental and patient-centred. We appeal to the global Stop TB Partnership to lead discussions on this issue and to make concrete steps towards changing the current paradigm

A regional database management system—the fisheries resource information system and tools (FiRST): Its design, utility and future directions

South and Southeast Asian countries have undertaken demersal trawl surveys to measure the fisheries potential of their waters throughout the 20th century. However, ensuring full use of, and easy access to the resulting data is a challenge in developing countries. The “Fisheries Resource Information System and Tools” (FiRST) was developed through a regional collaborative effort across eight South and Southeast Asian counties to meet these needs. FiRST is a data management system for scientific trawl survey data and includes data summary and visualization tools, an analytical routine to estimate biomass, and data import/export modules. The FiRST software has also facilitated the establishment of a regional database, ‘Trawl Base’, which contains more than 20,000 hauls or stations from scientific trawl surveys in 10 countries conducted between 1926 and 1995. The regional database is an important regional resource for coastal fisheries management complementing national fisheries catch statistics

How to obtain division algebras used for fast-decodable space-time block codes

We present families of unital algebras obtained through a doubling process from a cyclic central simple algebra D, employing a K-automorphism tau and an invertible element d in D. These algebras appear in the construction of iterated space-time block codes. We give conditions when these iterated algebras are division which can be used to construct fully diverse iterated codes. We also briefly look at algebras (and codes) obtained from variations of this method

Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems

PRIFPRI3; ISI; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; UNFSSDG

Critical exponents and equation of state of the three-dimensional Heisenberg universality class

We improve the theoretical estimates of the critical exponents for the three-dimensional Heisenberg universality class. We find gamma=1.3960(9), nu=0.7112(5), eta=0.0375(5), alpha=-0.1336(15), beta=0.3689(3), and delta=4.783(3). We consider an improved lattice phi^4 Hamiltonian with suppressed leading scaling corrections. Our results are obtained by combining Monte Carlo simulations based on finite-size scaling methods and high-temperature expansions. The critical exponents are computed from high-temperature expansions specialized to the phi^4 improved model. By the same technique we determine the coefficients of the small-magnetization expansion of the equation of state. This expansion is extended analytically by means of approximate parametric representations, obtaining the equation of state in the whole critical region. We also determine a number of universal amplitude ratios.Comment: 40 pages, final version. In publication in Phys. Rev.