12 research outputs found
Nebulization therapy as adjunct to conventional treatment of bovine repiratory disease
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 S693Master of Scienc
Performance and health effects of Zuprevo 18% in newly received, highly stressed beef cattle
The objective of this study was to determine the health and performance effects of
Zuprevo 18% (tildipirosin, 4 mg/kg body weight) during a 42-day backgrounding
period when administered to high-risk transported cattle within 24 hours after arrival
Relationship between mean body surface temperature measured by use of infrared thermography and ambient temperature in clinically normal pigs and pigs inoculated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 Infection
International audienceBackground Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis has been shown to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in some studies, but conflicting results have been reported among studies, probably due to challenges of adherence to a daily regimen.MethodsWe conducted a double-blind, randomized trial of antiretroviral therapy for preexposure HIV-1 prophylaxis among men who have unprotected anal sex with men. Participants were randomly assigned to take a combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) or placebo before and after sexual activity. All participants received risk-reduction counseling and condoms and were regularly tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 and other sexually transmitted infections.ResultsOf the 414 participants who underwent randomization, 400 who did not have HIV infection were enrolled (199 in the TDF-FTC group and 201 in the placebo group). All participants were followed for a median of 9.3 months (interquartile range, 4.9 to 20.6). A total of 16 HIV-1 infections occurred during follow-up, 2 in the TDF-FTC group (incidence, 0.91 per 100 person-years) and 14 in the placebo group (incidence, 6.60 per 100 person-years), a relative reduction in the TDF-FTC group of 86% (95% confidence interval, 40 to 98; P=0.002). Participants took a median of 15 pills of TDF-FTC or placebo per month (P=0.57). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two study groups. In the TDF-FTC group, as compared with the placebo group, there were higher rates of gastrointestinal adverse events (14% vs. 5%, P=0.002) and renal adverse events (18% vs. 10%, P=0.03).ConclusionsThe use of TDF-FTC before and after sexual activity provided protection against HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men. The treatment was associated with increased rates of gastrointestinal and renal adverse events. (Funded by the National Agency of Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis [ANRS] and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01473472.
Sero-positive African Americansâ Beliefs about Alcohol and Their Impact on Anti-retroviral Adherence
The role of pharmacogenetics in cancer therapeutics
The variability in treatment responses and narrow therapeutic index of anticancer drugs are some of the key challenges oncologists face. The knowledge of pharmacogenetics can potentially aid in the discovery, development and ultimately individualization of anticancer drugs. The identification of genetic variations that predict for drug response is the first step towards the translation of pharmacogenetics into clinical practice. This review provides an update on the results of studies assessing the effects of germline polymorphisms and somatic mutations on therapeutic outcomes and highlights the potential applications and future challenges in pharmacogenetic research pertaining to cancer therapeutics
Changes in kidney function among men having sex with men starting on demand tenofovir disoproxil fumarate â emtricitabine for HIV preâexposure prophylaxis
International audienceIntroduction Daily preâexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) is associated with a small but statistically significant decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We assessed the renal safety of onâdemand PrEP with TDF/FTC in HIVâ1 uninfected men. Methods We used data from the randomized doubleâblind placeboâcontrolled ANRSâIPERGAY trial and its openâlabel extension conducted between February 2012 and June 2016 among HIVâuninfected MSM starting onâdemand PrEP. Using linear mixed model, we evaluated the mean eGFR decline from baseline over time and determined risks factors associated with eGFR decline during the study. Results During the blind phase, with a median followâup of 9.4 months, the mean decline slope of eGFR from baseline was â0.88 and â1.53 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year in the placebo (n = 201) and the TDF/FTC group (n = 198) respectively, with a slope difference of 0.65 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (p = 0.27). Including both phases, 389 participants started onâdemand TDF/FTC with a median followâup of 19.2 months and a mean decline of eGFR from baseline of â1.14 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (p 40 years (p = 0.24) or hypertension (p = 0.21). There was a doseâresponse relationship between recent tenofovir exposure and lower eGFR when considering the number of pills taken in the two months prior the visit (eGFR difference of â0.88 mL/min/1.73 m2 between >15 pills/month vs. â€15 pills/month, p 2 to â€10ng/mL: â0.98 mL/min/1.73 m2, >10 to â€40ng/mL: â1.28 mL/min/1.73 m2, >40 ng/mL: â1.82 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001). Three participants discontinued TDF/FTC for eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 during the OLE phase. No case of Fanconi syndrome was reported. Conclusions The renal safety of onâdemand PrEP with TDF/FTC was good. The overall reduction and intermittent exposure to TDF/FTC may explain this good renal safety