General modeling of vertical jump height with countermovement aids from arms (CMJa) and Squat Jump (SJ) techniques for young soccer players

In the training of youngest soccer players, the knowledge of components of the explosive strength power as the contractile, elastic series and parallel series is fundamental in the sports preparation. Consequently, it is important to seek general models used as parameter for athletes, whether with morphofunctional characteristics, of sports preparation aspects or structure of competitive activity. So, this study aimed to seek an general model of vertical jump height with countermovement aids from arms (CMJa) and Squat Jump (SJ) techniques for young soccer players. Participants were 164 young soccer players (17.42±1.06 years) of juvenile and junior championship of Soccer Paulista Federation in 2008. They executed the vertical jump with countermovement aids from arms (CMJa) and Squat Jump (SJ) techniques. It was used software and contact plataform Jump Test® for the calculation of the height of the jump CMJa (elastic component in series) and SJ (contractile component). It is worthy to know that for SJ the number of athletes was 88. Then the data was kept in computational bank and it was produced descriptive information (mean and standard deviation). The main results showed values of 32.82±4.02 cm for CMJa and 42.97±4.53 cm for SJ. Finally, the general model presented can serve as a parameter for the juvenile and junior categories in soccer

Elastic explosive strength alterations in young soccer players in preparatory stage

The explosive strength has been pointed as one of physical capacities present in decisive moments in soccer game. So, the aim of this study was to verify possible alterations in elastic explosive strength performance in ten young soccer players (16.54 ± 0.54 years; 73.10 ± 8.36 kg; 178.10 ± 7.67 cm). During the match in preparatory stage to championship, the elastic explosive strength was evaluated by vertical jump with countermovement aid from arms (CMJa), using contact plataform Jump Test® in 3 moments: before, in the interval and after game. BioEstat 5.0 software produced information in descriptive plan (mean and standard deviation) and in the inferential, Anova one-way for differences between moments and post hoc de Tukey’s for multiple comparisons (p\u3c0.01). The main results indicate values 47.98 ± 4.61 cm before game, 46.46 ± 3.20 cm in the interval and 44.99 ± 3.71 cm after the game. In relation to collected data before game, it was observed a performance fall about 3.3% in elastic explosive strength in the interval and 6.6% after game (p\u3c0.01). These results shoed to be related with competitive actions sequence performed by soccer players during the match. From above, the used methodology seems to properly identify alterations that occur during matches, as an important indicator to monitoring and controlling training

Effect of a congested match schedule on immune-endocrine responses, technical performance, and session-RPE in elite youth soccer players

This study investigated the effects of a congested match schedule (7 matches played in 7 days) on steroid hormone concentrations, mucosal immunity, session rating of perceived exertion (S-RPE) and technical performance in 16 elite youth soccer players (14.8 ± 0.4 yr; 170.6 ± 9.4 cm; 64.9 ± 7 kg). No change was observed for salivary cortisol concentration across multiple matches (p=0.33; Effect size [ES]=0.13-0.48). In contrast, there was a decrease in salivary testosterone and IgA concentrations (SIgA) from the 1st compared to the last time-point (p=0.01 and 0.001, ES=0.42 and 0.67, respectively). The SIgA concentration varied across time points (p 0.05). A higher number of tackles and interceptions were observed during the 4th match vs. 1st and 7th matches (p<0.001; ES=2.25 and 1.90, respectively). The present data demonstrate that accumulated fatigue related to participation in a congested match schedule might induce a decrease in testosterone concentration in youth players’ and negatively affect their mucosal immunity and capacity to perform certain technical actions

Organic and mineral matter changes due to oil generation, saturation and expulsion processes based on artificial maturation experiments

Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted on immature organic-rich rock with type-I kerogen to evaluate petroleum generation, saturation and expulsion processes. The experiments were carried out under isothermal conditions at ten different temperatures (280° through 360°C) for nine different time spans between 18 and 144h. Rock samples recovered from the experiments were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC-weight%), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (Ro%), spectral fluorescence and visual characterization of organic matter under the microscopy. TOC, S2 and HI tend to decrease with increasing temperature and duration of the experiments as expected. The Ro% values reach up to 1.14% in the most severe experiment (i.e. 360°C/96h). The Ro% is believed to be suppressed due to hydrogen incorporation from bitumen. The bitumen production was observed with the increase of transformation index (TI) and two types of bitumen were differentiated by fluorescence color. The bitumen with yellow fluorescence was mainly composed of saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons that were probably generated earlier than the bitumen with brown fluorescence which is rich in NSO compounds. The greatest bitumen saturation occurs at TI around of 41% to 45%, when the S1 reaches its highest values. The decrease of bitumen saturation and consequent oil expulsion is marked by a reduction in S1 values and fluorescence color. This phenomenon occurs simultaneously with the development of fractures and voids in the mineral matrix which reduces the oil retention capability and facilitates the expulsion process. These observations enhanced the understanding of oil generation and saturation processes, as well as primary migration, expulsion and type of generated bitumen

Organic and mineral matter changes due to oil generation, saturation and expulsion processes based on artificial maturation experiments

Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted on immature organic-rich rock with type-I kerogen to evaluate petroleum generation, saturation and expulsion processes. The experiments were carried out under isothermal conditions at ten different temperatures (280° through 360°C) for nine different time spans between 18 and 144h. Rock samples recovered from the experiments were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC-weight%), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (Ro%), spectral fluorescence and visual characterization of organic matter under the microscopy. TOC, S2 and HI tend to decrease with increasing temperature and duration of the experiments as expected. The Ro% values reach up to 1.14% in the most severe experiment (i.e. 360°C/96h). The Ro% is believed to be suppressed due to hydrogen incorporation from bitumen. The bitumen production was observed with the increase of transformation index (TI) and two types of bitumen were differentiated by fluorescence color. The bitumen with yellow fluorescence was mainly composed of saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons that were probably generated earlier than the bitumen with brown fluorescence which is rich in NSO compounds. The greatest bitumen saturation occurs at TI around of 41% to 45%, when the S1 reaches its highest values. The decrease of bitumen saturation and consequent oil expulsion is marked by a reduction in S1 values and fluorescence color. This phenomenon occurs simultaneously with the development of fractures and voids in the mineral matrix which reduces the oil retention capability and facilitates the expulsion process. These observations enhanced the understanding of oil generation and saturation processes, as well as primary migration, expulsion and type of generated bitumen

Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) standards: an analysis of uptake in the EU

A high level of adoption of Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is essential to protect the integrity of the Domain Name System (DNS) Internet infrastructure to ensure the interoperability and security of the global cyberspace. This report provides an analysis of the level of adoption of DNSSEC in Q1 2023 across EU Member States and globally. The report also presents an analysis of the usage of DNS resolvers in the EU and globally. Overall, the average DNSSEC validation rate in the EU is still low (46.3%), but is superior to the global one (31.4%)JRC.T.2 - Cybersecurity and Digital Technologie

Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security (MANRS): an analysis of uptake in the EU

The actions proposed by the Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security (MANRS) initiative aim to strengthen the security of the global Internet routing system, thus improving the interoperability, scalability, stability, and security of the Internet. This report provides an overview of the current level of adoption of routing standards, including MANRS actions, in Q1 2023 across EU Member States, as well as globally. The analysis of the level of uptake of routing standards has been carried out using publicly available data. In our results we observed a compliance rate of over 97% for compulsory actions for network operators.JRC.T.2 - Cybersecurity and Digital Technologie

Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security (MANRS): an analysis of uptake in the EU

The actions proposed by the Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security (MANRS) initiative aim to strengthen the security of the global Internet routing system, thus improving the interoperability, scalability, stability, and security of the Internet. This report provides an overview of the current level of adoption of routing standards, including MANRS actions, in Q3 2022 across EU Member States, as well as globally. The analysis of the level of uptake of routing standards has been carried out using publicly available data. Our findings demonstrate that the level of adoption of MANRS actions is similar to the previous measurement period (Q1 2022), showing that EU-based network operators have a very high average degree of MANRS readiness while, on the other hand, the uptake of MANRS from Internet Exchange Points is low.JRC.T.2 - Cybersecurity and Digital Technologie

Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) standards: an analysis of uptake in the EU

A high level of adoption of Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is essential to protect the integrity of the Domain Name System (DNS) Internet infrastructure to ensure the interoperability and security of the global cyberspace. This report provides an analysis of the level of adoption of DNSSEC in Q3 2022 across EU Member States and globally. The report also presents an analysis of the usage of DNS resolvers in the EU and globally. Our findings show that the level of adoption of all standards is similar to the previous measurement period (Q1 2022), with a medium degree of users validating DNSSEC-signed responses in the order of 30 to 40%.JRC.T.2 - Cybersecurity and Digital Technologie