A study of the Delegation of Administrative Authority to the Superintendent by the Board of Education in Nine Southwestern Iowa Communities

The main purpose of the study was to determine the division of executive authority and the responsibility for its use between the superintendent and his board of education in small southwestern Iowa towns. This problem was found to involve four facets: 1. the determination of the executive authority which the board of education delegates to the superintendent of schools; 2. the determination of the amount of executive authority which the board of education shares with the superintendent of schools; 3. the determination of the authority which the board of education retains; 4. the determination of the amount of responsibility for the use of executive authority which the board of education assigns the superintendent of schools as the results of the executive authority which it delegates to him or shares with him

Generalized Fibonacci Numbers and Blackwell's Renewal Theorem

We investigate a connection between generalized Fibonacci numbers and renewal theory for stochastic processes. Using Blackwell's renewal theorem we find an approximation to the generalized Fibonacci numbers. With the help of error estimates in the renewal theorem we figure out an explicit representation

Galaxy Clusters Associated with Short GRBs. II. Predictions for the Rate of Short GRBs in Field and Cluster Early-Type Galaxies

We determine the relative rates of short GRBs in cluster and field early-type galaxies as a function of the age probability distribution of their progenitors, P(\tau) \propto \tau^n. This analysis takes advantage of the difference in the growth of stellar mass in clusters and in the field, which arises from the combined effects of the galaxy stellar mass function, the early-type fraction, and the dependence of star formation history on mass and environment. This approach complements the use of the early- to late-type host galaxy ratio, with the added benefit that the star formation histories of early-type galaxies are simpler than those of late-type galaxies, and any systematic differences between progenitors in early- and late-type galaxies are removed. We find that the ratio varies from R(cluster)/R(field) ~ 0.5 for n = -2 to ~ 3 for n = 2. Current observations indicate a ratio of about 2, corresponding to n ~ 0 - 1. This is similar to the value inferred from the ratio of short GRBs in early- and late-type hosts, but it differs from the value of n ~ -1 for NS binaries in the Milky Way. We stress that this general approach can be easily modified with improved knowledge of the effects of environment and mass on the build-up of stellar mass, as well as the effect of globular clusters on the short GRB rate. It can also be used to assess the age distribution of Type Ia supernova progenitors.Comment: ApJ accepted versio

The epidemiology of coronary heart disease : A review

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/31999/1/0000041.pd

Community Breeders: Animal Husbandry in Portlandia

A brief exploration of animal husbandry within the city limits of Portland, Oregon, covering residents\u27 experiences with raising chickens, goats, bees and other farm animals. Touches on new concerns relating to local sources for food, community building, and drawbacks faced by some residents

Taxonomic and Functional Beta Diversity in a Forest Mosaic and Its Implications for Community Assembly

Color poster with text, photographs, and charts.Understanding the processes that shape community assembly is one of the key goals of ecology. One possible mechanism of assembly is deterministic assembly, in which species traits determine their ability to establish and persist in a location; lack of resources, predation and disturbance are all thought to lead to deterministic assembly. Alternatively, there is stochastic assembly, where community assembly is virtually random. The purpose of this study was to examine beta diversity, which is the variation that exists between two or more communities, to determine which assembly process is present in a given community.University of Wisconsin--Eau Claire Office of Research and Sponsored Programs

Freezing! Thawing! Waves! Talk About Stress... Exploring the Effects of Biological Filters on Lichen Populations in the BWCAW

Color poster with text, images, maps, and graphs.This study examined the effects of biological filters on lichen populations in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW).University of Wisconsin--Eau Claire Office of Research and Sponsored Program