Nuevas perspectivas de las psicoterapias con gays y lesbianas

INTRODUÇÃO: O estigma que gays e lésbicas sofrem configura uma questão de saúde pública. Frequentemente, a procura de psicoterapia por esses pacientes é motivada por fatores relacionados a dificuldades de relacionamento com o meio. Dessa forma, a psicoterapia é uma ferramenta valiosa para mitigar os efeitos deletérios do estresse de minorias e dos novos impactos psicossociais advindos da pandemia. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura indexada em bases de dados utilizando palavras-chaves obtidas a partir de vocabulários controlados e sinônimos. A amostragem foi por conveniência. RESULTADOS: Diferentes modelos de psicoterapias foram adaptados às necessidades das minorias sexuais, como protocolos baseados nas terapias interpessoal, psicodinâmica e cognitivo-comportamental. Os modelos atuais da identidade sexual incorporam conceitos como homonegatividade internalizada e estresse de minorias, com conflitos que podem ser descritos em estágios passíveis de intervenções psicoterápicas específicas. Adicionalmente, a pandemia de COVID-19 pareceu trazer à tona uma série de novos possíveis estressores para indivíduos pertencentes a minorias sexuais, como o isolamento social e o aumento no consumo de álcool. DISCUSSÃO: Diversos modelos de psicoterapia mostram resultados satisfatórios em gays e lésbicas. Os principais fatores relacionados ao êxito terapêutico são a adoção de uma postura não julgadora e em uma aliança terapêutica sólida. CONCLUSÃO: A psicoterapia apresenta-se como um tratamento de notável valor ao atenuar o possível sofrimento psíquico de gays e lésbicas, principalmente diante da intensificação do estresse de minorias durante a pandemia de COVID-19.INTRODUCTION: The stigma suffered by gays and lesbians is a public health issue. Frequently, the demand of psychotherapy by these patients is motivated by factors related to relationship difficulties with the environment, which makes psychotherapy a valuable instrument to reduce the deleterious effects of minority stress and the new psychosocial impacts resulting from the pandemic. METHOD: A narrative review of literature indexed in databases was conducted using keywords obtained from controlled vocabularies and synonyms. The sampling was by convenience. RESULTS: Different models of psychotherapies have been adapted to the needs of sexual minorities, such as protocols based on interpersonal, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Current models of sexual identity include concepts such as internalized homonegativity and minority stressors, with conflicts that can be described in stages amenable to specific psychotherapeutic interventions. The pandemic of COVID-19 seemed to bring out a number of new potential stressors for individuals belonging to sexual minorities, for exemple social isolation and increased alcohol consumption. DISCUSSION: Several models of psychotherapy demonstrate satisfactory results in gays and lesbians. The main factors related to therapeutic success are the adoption of a non-judgmental stance and in a solid therapeutic alliance. Minority stress, intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributes to negative mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION: Psychotherapy presents itself as a treatment of notable value in alleviating the psychological suffering of gays and lesbians, especially in the face of intensified minority stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.INTRODUCCIÓN: El estigma que sufren gays y lesbianas es un problema de salud pública. A menudo, la demanda de psicoterapia por parte de estos pacientes está motivada por factores relacionados con las dificultades de relación con el entorno, lo que convierte a la psicoterapia en un valioso instrumento para reducir los efectos deletéreos del estrés minoritario y los nuevos impactos psicosociales derivados de la pandemia. MÉTODO: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura indexada en bases de datos utilizando palabras clave obtenidas de vocabularios controlados y sinónimos. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. RESULTADOS: Se han adaptado diferentes modelos de psicoterapias a las necesidades de las minorías sexuales, como protocolos basados en terapias interpersonales, psicodinámicas y cognitivo-conductuales. Así, la psicoterapia afirmativa emerge como un modelo transteórico asociado a mejores resultados en salud mental que auxilia en la expresión de la identidad sexual de los individuos, aunque no se ajuste a la norma social. La pandemia de COVID-19 pareció generar una serie de nuevos factores estresantes para las personas pertenecientes a minorías sexuales. DISCUSIÓN: Varios modelos de psicoterapia demuestran resultados satisfactorios en gays y lesbianas. Los principales factores relacionados con el éxito terapéutico son la adopción de una postura libre de juicios y en una sólida alianza terapéutica. El estrés de las minorías, intensificado durante la pandemia de COVID-19, contribuye a los resultados negativos de salud mental. CONCLUSIÓN: La psicoterapia se presenta como un tratamiento de notable valor para aliviar el sufrimiento psicológico de gays y lesbianas, especialmente ante el estrés de las minorías intensificado durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Isolamento social e ansiedade durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma análise psicossocial / Social isolation and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: a psychosocial analysis

Devido o cenário abrupto da chegada da pandemia da Covid-19, bem como a necessidade do distanciamento social como medida preventiva da doença, houve um impacto brusco com mudança de hábitos e o início de readaptação frente a essa nova realidade. Dessa forma, além dos efeitos na saúde física, foi visto também consequências nos âmbitos mental e emocional. O presente estudo aborda as principais alterações psiquiátricas ocorridas no contexto do isolamento social a partir de uma revisão narrativa

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora