Hábito alimentar e perfil sociodemográfico de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar

Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that may be more susceptible in people with nutritional deficiencies. The objective of this study was to investigate dietary markers and their association with sociodemographic variables of patients with pulmonary TB. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in between 2015 and 2016 in Belém-PA. TB patients were interviewed using a questionnaire developed based on the National Health Survey, with questions about socio-demographic and variables healthy food markers. Data were analyzed in the Epi-Info and Bioestat programs, using the G and Binomial tests, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 61 patients participated in the study, most of them male (62.2%), 40-59 years old (42.6%) and 10 to 12 years of schooling (42.6%). There was a statistically significant association for the consumption of the three markers (pJustificación y Objetivos: La tuberculosis (TB) es una enfermedad infecciosa que puede ser más susceptible en personas con carencias nutricionales. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar marcadores alimentarios y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas de pacientes con TB pulmonar. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, del tipo transversal realizado entre 2015 y 2016, en Belém-PA. Fueron entrevistados pacientes con TB a través de un cuestionario elaborado con base en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, con cuestiones sobre variables sociodemográficas y marcadores de alimentación saludable. Los datos fueron analizados en los programas Epi-Info y Bioestat, a partir de las pruebas G y Binomial, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Participaron 61 pacientes, la mayoría era del sexo masculino (62,2%), rango etario entre 40-59 años (42,6%) y nivel educativo de 10 a 12 años de estudio (42,6%). Ha habido una asociación estadísticamente significativa para el consumo de los tres marcadores (pJustificativa e Objetivos: A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infecciosa que pode ser mais susceptível em pessoas com carências nutricionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar marcadores alimentares e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas dos pacientes com TB pulmonar. Métodos: Estudo descritivo do tipo transversal realizado entre 2015 e 2016, em Belém-PA. Foram entrevistados pacientes com TB por meio de um questionário elaborado com base na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, com questões sobre variáveis sociodemográficas e marcadores de alimentação saudável. Os dados foram analisados nos programas Epi-Info e Bioestat, a partir dos testes G e Binomial, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram 61 pacientes, a maioria era do sexo masculino (62,2%), faixa etária entre 40-59 anos (42,6%) e nível de escolaridade de 10 a 12 anos de estudo (42,6%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa para o consumo dos três marcadores (

A qualidade de vida de pacientes hipertensos em uma estratégia saúde da família, Ananindeua - Pará

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de qualidade de vida de pacientes hipertensos cadastrados em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: Estudo transversal analítico. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de dois questionários, sendo um o Minichal-Brasil e, o outro sobre o perfil clínico e os aspectos socioeconômicos do paciente. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era mulheres, na faixa etária maior de 40 anos, renda de até três salários mínimos e escolaridade nível fundamental e médio. Dos entrevistados, 62,50% estavam com pressão arterial normal e 83,00% relataram seguir corretamente o tratamento. Às comorbidades encontradas foram: dislipidemia (35,10%), sobrepeso (47,00%), obesidade (28,19%) e diabetes (22,52%), sendo que 74,34% referiram história familiar de doença cardiovascular. Observou-se que sexo, pressão arterial e tratamento apresentaram influencia na qualidade de vida dos hipertensos (p<0,05). Em contrapartida não foi observado associação com a qualidade de vida as variáveis: renda mensal (p=0,0377), escolaridade (p=0,5011), história familiar (p=0,6309), tempo de diagnóstico (p=0,1317) o fato de consumir ou não bebida alcoólica ou fumo (p=0,1508), comorbidades (p=0,3460), faixa etária (p=0,1253) e IMC (p=0,5829). Conclusão: Observou-se que os pacientes que apresentaram, isoladamente, as variáveis: gênero feminino, níveis pressóricos não controlados e não adesão ao tratamento apresentou nível inferior de qualidade de vida

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data