Možnosti sledování trendu ve zpoplatnění základních bankovních služeb

Příspěvek se zabývá problematikou klientských nákladů („poplatků“) spojených s užíváním účtů fyzických osob a celkovou nepřehledností v sazebnících jednotlivých bank. Na základě dat z Kalkulátoru bankovních poplatků bude provedena analýza získaných dat a vypočteny Klientské a Bankovní indexy. U 45 účtů vedených 21 bankami v České republice budou sledovány a porovnávány výše jejich poplatků. Cílem příspěvku je ukázat na potřebu neustálé nutnosti se informovat o nákladech na vedení svého účtu a konkurenčních produktech. Na základě praktické aplikace je zde nastíněna možnost, jak sledovat aktuální vývoj v nákladech na vedení účtů jednotlivých bank

On Packing Colorings of Distance Graphs

The {\em packing chromatic number} $\chi_{\rho}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least integer $k$ for which there exists a mapping $f$ from $V(G)$ to $\{1,2,\ldots ,k\}$ such that any two vertices of color $i$ are at distance at least $i+1$. This paper studies the packing chromatic number of infinite distance graphs $G(\mathbb{Z},D)$, i.e. graphs with the set $\mathbb{Z}$ of integers as vertex set, with two distinct vertices $i,j\in \mathbb{Z}$ being adjacent if and only if $|i-j|\in D$. We present lower and upper bounds for $\chi_{\rho}(G(\mathbb{Z},D))$, showing that for finite $D$, the packing chromatic number is finite. Our main result concerns distance graphs with $D=\{1,t\}$ for which we prove some upper bounds on their packing chromatic numbers, the smaller ones being for $t\geq 447$: $\chi_{\rho}(G(\mathbb{Z},\{1,t\}))\leq 40$ if $t$ is odd and $\chi_{\rho}(G(\mathbb{Z},\{1,t\}))\leq 81$ if $t$ is even

Kvantitativní analýza původu genů u krásnooček (Euglenoidea)

Geny, jakozťo jednotky geneticke' informace, jsou prěda'va'ny z jednoho jedince na jine'ho, obvykle v ra'mci te'hozˇ druhu - z rodicˇu˚ na potomky. Cˇas od cˇasu mohou by't geny prěda'ny i jedincu˚m jiny'ch druhu˚ prostrědnictvı'm procesu zvane'ho horizonta'lnı' prěnos genu˚ (HGT). Endosymbio'za je proces, prˇi ktere'm jeden organismus pohltı' jiny' organismus a geny jsou prěda'va'ny mezi obeˇma symbionty prostrědnictvı'm procesu zvane'ho endosymbioticky' prěnos genu˚ (EGT), jenzˇ jest podtypem HGT. Cˇasem se mu˚zě endosymbiont sta't i organelou, jakou je mitochondrie nebo plastid. Kra'snoocˇka (Euglenoidea) jsou jednobunečňa' eukaryota s ru˚znorody'mi zpu˚soby vy'zˇivy - fagot- rofiı' (naprˇ. Peranema), osmotrofiı' (naprˇ. Rhabdomonas), mixotrofiı' (fagotrofiı' a fototrofiı' u rodu Rapaza) a fototrofiı' (s plastidy; naprˇ. Eutreptiella). Historie endosymbio'z zeleny'ch rˇas (zejme'na skupiny Chlo- rophyta) a prědku˚ kra'snoocěk trˇı'dy Euglenophyceae (vcětneˇ rodu Rapaza) je komplexnı'. Ve sve' pra'ci jsem provedl kvantitativnı' analy'zu genealogie genu˚ (QAGA) zalozěnou na transkrip- tomicky'ch datech kra'snoocˇka sťı'hle'ho (Euglena gracilis), ktere' ukazujı' na vy'znamny' prˇı'speˇvek blı'zce prˇı'buzny'ch bicˇivek (Kinetoplastea; 1 420 genu˚, 3,88 % transkriptu˚ prěneseny'ch...Genes, units of genetic information, are passed from one individual to another, typically within the same species from parents to offspring. Occasionally, genes can be transferred to different species through a process called horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Endosymbiosis is a process in which one organism engulfs another organism and the genes flow between the two symbionts in a process called endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT), which is a subtype of HGT. Eventually, the endosymbiont may become an organelle such as a mitochondrion or a plastid. Euglenids (Euglenoidea) are unicellular eukaryotes with diverse modes of nutrition - phagotro- phy (e. g., Peranema), osmotrophy (e. g., Rhabdomonas), mixotrophy (phagotrophy and phototrophy in Rapaza), and phototrophy (possessing plastids; e. g., Eutreptiella). The history of endosymbioses of green algae (especially Chlorophyta) and ancestors of Euglenophyceae (including Rapaza) is complex. In my thesis, I performed the quantitative analysis of gene ancestry (QAGA) based on transcripto- mic data of Euglena gracilis showing contribution of closely related Kinetoplastea (1,420 genes, 3.88 % of transcripts inherited vertically), and contribution of multiple "unrelated" (mainly) phototrophic organisms, e. g. Viridiplantae (572, 1.57 %), or Haptophyta (234, 0.64...Katedra parazitologieDepartment of ParasitologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Analýza tvaru difrakčních ep interakcí

Institute of Particle and Nuclear PhysicsÚstav částicové a jaderné fyzikyFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakult

Inventory and Evolution of Mitochondrion-localized Family A DNA Polymerases in Euglenozoa

The order Trypanosomatida has been well studied due to its pathogenicity and the unique biology of the mitochondrion. In Trypanosoma brucei, four DNA polymerases, namely PolIA, PolIB, PolIC, and PolID, related to bacterial DNA polymerase I (PolI), were shown to be localized in mitochondria experimentally. These mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases are phylogenetically distinct from other family A DNA polymerases, such as bacterial PolI, DNA polymerase gamma (Polγ) in human and yeasts, “plant and protist organellar DNA polymerase (POP)” in diverse eukaryotes. However, the diversity of mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases in Euglenozoa other than Trypanosomatida is poorly understood. In this study, we discovered putative mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases in broad members of three major classes of Euglenozoa—Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, and Euglenida—to explore the origin and evolution of trypanosomatid PolIA-D. We unveiled distinct inventories of mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases in the three classes: (1) PolIA is ubiquitous across the three euglenozoan classes, (2) PolIB, C, and D are restricted in kinetoplastids, (3) new types of mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases were identified in a prokinetoplastid and diplonemids, and (4) evolutionarily distinct types of POP were found in euglenids. We finally propose scenarios to explain the inventories of mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases in Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, and Euglenida

Metabolic quirks and the colourful history of the Euglena gracilis secondary plastid

Euglena spp. are phototrophic flagellates with considerable ecological presence and impact. Euglena gracilis harbours secondary green plastids, but an incompletely characterised proteome precludes accurate understanding of both plastid function and evolutionary history. Using subcellular fractionation, an improved sequence database and MS we determined the composition, evolutionary relationships and hence predicted functions of the E. gracilis plastid proteome. We confidently identified 1345 distinct plastid protein groups and found that at least 100 proteins represent horizontal acquisitions from organisms other than green algae or prokaryotes. Metabolic reconstruction confirmed previously studied/predicted enzymes/pathways and provided evidence for multiple unusual features, including uncoupling of carotenoid and phytol metabolism, a limited role in amino acid metabolism, and dual sets of the SUF pathway for FeS cluster assembly, one of which was acquired by lateral gene transfer from Chlamydiae. Plastid paralogues of trafficking-associated proteins potentially mediating fusion of transport vesicles with the outermost plastid membrane were identified, together with derlin-related proteins, potential translocases across the middle membrane, and an extremely simplified TIC complex. The Euglena plastid, as the product of many genomes, combines novel and conserved features of metabolism and transport.</p

Transcriptome, proteome and draft genome of Euglena gracilis

Background: Photosynthetic euglenids are major contributors to fresh water ecosystems. Euglena gracilis in particular has noted metabolic flexibility, reflected by an ability to thrive in a range of harsh environments. E. gracilis has been a popular model organism and of considerable biotechnological interest, but the absence of a gene catalogue has hampered both basic research and translational efforts. Results: We report a detailed transcriptome and partial genome for E. gracilis Z1. The nuclear genome is estimated to be around 500 Mb in size, and the transcriptome encodes over 36,000 proteins and the genome possesses less than 1% coding sequence. Annotation of coding sequences indicates a highly sophisticated endomembrane system, RNA processing mechanisms and nuclear genome contributions from several photosynthetic lineages. Multiple gene families, including likely signal transduction components, have been massively expanded. Alterations in protein abundance are controlled post-transcriptionally between light and dark conditions, surprisingly similar to trypanosomatids. Conclusions: Our data provide evidence that a range of photosynthetic eukaryotes contributed to the Euglena nuclear genome, evidence in support of the ‘shopping bag’ hypothesis for plastid acquisition. We also suggest that euglenids possess unique regulatory mechanisms for achieving extreme adaptability, through mechanisms of paralog expansion and gene acquisition

Tolerance analysis of the low beam headlamp function

Světelná mapa potkávací funkce automobilových světel podléhá předpisům, které musí být splněny. Na mapu však působí mnoho vlivů, které různou mírou způsobují změny distribuce světla. Tato diplomová práce zkoumá zdroje chyb v soustavě světlometu a citlivost některých z nich na nepřesnosti způsobené výrobou a konstrukcí. V kapitolách je nejen popsána výroba hlavních světlometů, přehled používaných zdrojů světla či fotometrie světel, ale i toleranční řetězec soustavy nebo deformace světelného svazku procházejícího optickou soustavou, která vzniká vychýlením zdroje světla. Získané poznatky tvoří vstupní data simulací provedených na základním reflektoru.Low beam headlamp function has to meet the required standards. However, there are a lot of influences on the lightmap that cause changes in the light distribution. This diploma thesis examines the sources of errors in the headlight system and the sensitivity of those inaccuracies caused by production and construction. The chapters describe not only output of headlamps, a summary of the light sources and the light measurement process, but also the tolerance chain of system or diagrams of light beam passing through the optical system that is caused by the deflection of the light source. Obtained information create the input data of simulations on the primary reflector

Application of ceramic materials in steel ladles

Import 03/08/2012Tato práce se věnuje problematice žárovzdorných materiálů aplikovaných v licích pánvích v souvislosti se současnými moderními způsoby výroby oceli. V úvodní části jsou popsány základní postupy výroby oceli (kyslíkový konvertor, elektrická oblouková pec) a základní pochody mimopecního zpracování (sekundární metalurgie) realizované v licích pánvích. Dále se práce zabývá žárovzdornými materiály (bazické, hlinitokřemičité) pro vyzdívky licích pánví se základní specifikací jejich vlastností, chemické struktury a způsobu výroby. V závěru je uveden popis konstrukce vyzdívek licích pánví pro účely sekundární metalurgie a způsoby vedoucí k zvýšení životnosti vyzdívek licích pánví.The work deals with the problem of refractory materials applied in ladles for current modern methods of steel production. In the introductory section it describes the basic processes of steel production (BOF, electric arc furnace) and basic out-of-furnace steel processes (secondary metallurgy) realized in ladles. The work also deals with the refractory materials (basic, aluminosilicate) used for ladles’ lining with a basic specification of their properties, chemical structure and manufacturing methods. Finally, the work describes construction of ladles‘ lining being used in the out-of-furnace steel processes and the means to increase utilization of the ladles’ lining.635 - Katedra tepelné technikyvýborn