The perception of governmental support in the context of competitiveness of SMEs in the Czech Republic

Whether or not an entrepreneur develops the enterprise successfully and increases competitiveness depends on many factors. All businesses, however, are inherently connected with the business environment which significantly influences their performance. In this regard, the state is among the most important factors. It also performs many other roles through which it may be either helpful or harmful in the eyes of a business owner, e.g. it determines the legislative framework of entrepreneurship, sets conditions for starting a business and regulates competition. The way the role of the state is perceived by small and medium-sized enterprises was researched in 2015 as a part of a project at Tomas Bata University in Zlin. The research analysed data from 1,141 respondents from all regions of the Czech Republic and included, among others, the question of the state's role in the business environment. The presented paper covers three selected areas of the state's influence on the business environment: creating favourable conditions for the business environment, governmental financial support of entrepreneurs, and administrative burden on entrepreneurs. These areas were also examined with the emphasis on the analysis of differences between the perception of entrepreneurs from different industries and entrepreneurs with different sizes of their businesses. It was revealed that entrepreneurs were very critical to the state's role in the business environment; in particular, 60% of respondents disagree with the fact that the state creates favourable conditions for business in the Czech Republic. It was proved that the line of business of enterprises correlates with perception of the state's role within the business environment. The research into perception of a governmental financial support was proved to be dependent on a company size which may signal the support of certain company sizes and influencing their competitiveness.Project RO FaME: Podnikatelske prostredie MSP: determinanty kvality a podnikatelske rizik

Ovarian Follicular Atresia of Ewes during Spring Puerperium

The distribution of healthy and atretic follicles on the ovarian surface of improved Valachian ewes 17, 24, and 32 days postpartum is reported in this study. The number of healthy follicles was higher on day 24 postpartum and their mean diameter tended to increase to day 32 (P < 0.05) with the greatest diameter of 5 mm. 78–81% of atretic follicles ≥3 mm in diameter was observed where apoptosis began in the follicular cells situated at the follicular cavity. The early atretic follicles are characterized by the presence of mitotic pictures. In one ewe 24 days postpartum, small regressive follicular cysts were observed. Contracting atresia is characterized by thickening of the theca interna even to 190 μm. Progesterone and oestradiol-17β concentrations were maintained at relatively low levels, but with no significant difference between the days postpartum

Differences in innovativeness, proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness in relation to entrepreneurial motives

Motivation of entrepreneurs must be appropriate to the level of risk they are facing in their businesses. Some entrepreneurs can perceive profit or financial motivation as a subsidiary motive and can start their own business with non-financial motives, e.g., apprehending business as a mission. The aim of this article is to identify the relationship between entrepreneurial motives and the selected constructs of entrepreneurial orientation (innovativeness, proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness) on the case study of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Czech Republic. We have analyzed the data collected in 2015 from 1141 SMEs in 14 regions of Czech Republic. For the purposes of this article we focused on the motives for doing business, which were analyzed for the sample as a whole and also for two selected groups of the respondents. The first group (330 respondents) consisted of entrepreneurs who featured money as the most important motive for starting up a business, while the second group (251 respondents) consisted of those entrepreneurs who featured their life mission as the main reason for starting a business. The main results of our paper confirm the existence of statistically significant differences in innovativeness, proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness between the entrepreneurs motivated by money and those motivated by mission. Regardless the entrepreneurial motives the vast majority of the surveyed entrepreneurs consider innovativeness and proactiveness to be important for their companies. On the other hand, most of them do not realize aggressive activities against the competition they are facing. © Foundation of International Studies, 2017 and CSR, 2017

Determinants of economic growth in V4 countries and Romania

The middle and long-term slowdown in growth dynamics could bring serious social and political problems for V4 countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Poland) and Romania. It would threaten reaching benefits from potential of convergence process with the developed countries of the European Union. As a result, the V4 economies and Romania should find solutions to achieving a sustainable growth that is associated with an improvement of their international competitiveness. This paper provides an empirical analysis of factors that might determine a stable economic growth in the five mentioned countries. The empirical analysis conducted for the period of 2003-2016 employed Bayesian generalized ridge regression. The main results indicated that the FDI promoted economic growth in all countries, except the Slovak Republic. Only in the Czech Republic, the expenditure on education generated economic growth, while the expenditure on R&D had positive effects in Romania, Hungary and the Czech Republic.New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacitie

An inter­molecular dative B←N bond in 5-(4,4,5,5-tetra­methyl-1,3,2-dioxa­borolan-2-yl)-1,3-thia­zole

The title compound, C9H14BNO2S, is in an unusual bend conformation and the B atom of one mol­ecule within the crystal forms an inter­molecular dative bond with the N atom of a neighbouring mol­ecule, an infrequent phenomenon in boronic derivative crystals

Significant determinants of the competitive environment for SMEs in the context of financial and credit risks

The aim of the article is to compare significant determinants of the competitive environment for small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of financial and credit risk in Czech Republic and Slovakia. The survey on the quality of business environment was carried out in 2015 through a questionnaire on the sample of 1,141 respondents in Czech Republic. The total number of 438 questionnaires was collected during the research in Slovakia. Based on our own model, we quantified the index of perception of financial and credit risk (IFCR) for Czech Republic and for Slovakia. We compared the approach to risk by gender and education of the businessmen and company’s age through Pearson statistics at the significance level of 5%. Our research has shown that business environment in both countries is characterized by relatively low level of competitiveness in the researched area. The value of the resulted index in Czech and Slovak business environments is less than the median interval value. We also determined that the value of IFCR is significantly higher in Slovakia. Our research indicates there are significant differences in the assessment of business environment quality through IFCR in both countries, depending on gender and education of entrepreneurs and depending on company’s age. That index in Czech Republic is significantly higher in case of women as compared to men and in Slovakia it is the opposite. We have also found that businessmen with lower level of education have higher IFCR in both countries. Older firms showed better conditions for doing business in both countries because of their higher value of IFCR in both Czech Republic and Slovakia. © Foundation of International Studies, 2016

Antibiotic-Treated SPF Mice as a Gnotobiotic Model

Decontamination of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice of BALB/c line was accomplished by administration of amoxicillin per os potentiated with potassium clavulanate at a dose of 387.11 mg/kg body weight and ciprofloxacin administered s.c. at a dose of 18.87 mg/kg body weight every 12 h for 5 days. This resulted in a decreased viability of microorganisms in feces and the cecal content of mice and decreased counts of cultivable microorganisms in the feces, which by day 3 of study declined below the recovery level and to the reduction of animal microbiota to two detected cultivable species, namely Escherichia coli (GenBank KX086704) and Enterococcus sp. (GenBank KX086705). Convalescence of decontaminated animals under gnotobiotic conditions for 10 days prevented restoration of species diversity of mice microbiota and sufficed to return the metabolic, hematological and morphological values to the physiological range. It also restored the fermentative activity of the intestine to the level similar to that observed before antibiotic treatment. Animals subjected to this procedure can be used in further studies. As a result, we created a mouse gnoto model with reduced and controlled microbiota without alteration of the overall health status of the respective animals

tert-Butyl 6-bromo-1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C19H20BrNO2, consists of a carbazole skeleton with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4, a protecting group located at the N atom and a Br atom at position 6. The pyrrole ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 1.27 (7) and 4.86 (7)° with respect to the adjacent benzene rings. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 5.11 (7). The crystal structure is determined mainly by intra­molecular C—H⋯O and inter­molecular π–π inter­actions. π-stacking between adjacent molecules forms columns with a parallel arrangement of the carbazole ring systems. The presence of the tert-but­oxy­carbonyl group on the carbazole N atom and the intra­molecular hydrogen bond induce a particular conformation of the exocyclic N—C bond within the mol­ecule

Poly[[chlorido-(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)copper(II)]-μ3-1,1,3,3-tetra-cyano-2-eth-oxy-propenido- κ3N:N′:N′′] : coordination polymer sheets linked into bilayers by hydrogen bonds

The authors acknowledge the Algerian DG–RSDT (Direction Generale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Developpement Technologique) and the Algerian ATRST (Agence Thematique de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie; PNR project) for financial support. ZS thanks Sandra Lebaroud for her help in preparing the manuscript and the Unit of Support for Technical and Scientific Research (UATRS, CNRST) for the X-ray measurements.In the title compound, [Cu(C9H5N4O)Cl(C12H8N2)] n or [Cu(tcnoet)Cl(phen)] n , where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline and tcnoet is 1,1,3,3-tetra-cyano-2-eth- oxy-propenide, the axially elongated (4 + 2) coordination polyhedron around the CuII centre contains N atoms from three different tcnoet ligands. The resulting coordination polymer takes the form of sheets which are linked in pairs by a single C - H⋯N hydrogen bond to form bilayers. The bond lengths provide evidence for significant bond fixation in the phen ligand and extensive electronic delocalization in the tcnoet ligand, where the two -C(CN)2 units are rotated, in conrotatory fashion, out of the plane of the central C3O fragment.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Education focused on marriage and parenthood for children with mild mental retardation

Rigorous thesis processes the level of knowledges and skills of pupils with mild mental handicap in education of marriage and parenthood in Czech and Slovak Republic. The main aim was to map and specify the pupils' knowledge and skills in 8th and 9th class in the area of marriage and parenthood in Czech and Slovak Republic and to map their teachers' knowledge and attitudes in the same area of education. The another aim was to find out if the state, where pupils live, their age, gender and their family background can have the influence to their answers. We also find out, if there is any differences between teachers' answers from different states. Our thesis consists of four chapters. In first we allocated elementary characteristics of terms mental handicap, mental retardation, pupil with mild mental handicap and it's unbringing and education in Czech and Slovak republic. In second chapter we introduced basic characteristics of terms sex, sex of pupils with mild mental handicap and the history of sex education. The third part was aimed to determinate terms sex education, education of marriage and parenthood, realization of this education with pupils with mild mental handicap in Czech and Slovak republic. Further we introduced appropriate methods and forms of education for the realization of the education in..