234 research outputs found
Der Rinne-Kalns und seine Bedeutung fĂŒr die Anthropologie Livlands
http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2426274~S1*es
The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu
Double diffusion in lakes and oceans can transform vertical gradients into staircases of convectively mixed layers separated by thin stable interfaces. Lake Kivu is an outstanding double-diffusive natural laboratory with > 300 such steps over the permanently stratified deep basin. Here, we use 315 microstructure profiles (225 measured in Rwanda and 90 in the DRC) to shed light on the heat and salt balances of Lake Kivu. Comparing profiles from 2011 and 2015 reveals warming of 8.6 mK yrâ1 below 80 m depth and negligible changes in salinity. The double-diffusive layering is coherent over horizontal distances of 20â30 km and remained unchanged between 2011 and 2015, indicating little variability. The mean estimated dissipation within mixed layers is 1.5 Ă 10â10 W kgâ1. If unshaped Batchelor microstructure spectra are interpreted as nonturbulent, the rescaled dissipation of 0.44 Ă 10â10 W kgâ1 corresponds to a vertical heat flux of 0.10 W mâ2, which agrees with the molecular heat flux through the adjacent stable interfaces. Using estimates of upwelling, temporal changes of temperature and salt, and vertical double-diffusive fluxes, we established heat and salt balances, which require lateral heat and salt inputs. For salt, lateral input of freshwater at the main gradients balances upwelling. For temperature, however, the divergence of the vertical double-diffusive fluxes can only be balanced by horizontal inputs supplying cool water above and warm water below the main gradients. This suggests that lateral inputs of water at various depths are the main drivers for this unique double-diffusive phenomenon in Lake Kivu
Review and test of the Naperville, Illinois, electrical light plant
Thesis (BS)--University of Illinois, 1906TypescriptIncludes bibliographical reference
The Change of Prevalence of Xerophthalmia on Lombok, September 1977 - September 1983
Berdasarkan data "Survei Prevalensi Kebutaan Gizi" tahun 1977, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dinyatakan sebagai wilayah tinggi prevalensi xeroftalmia. Sebagai suatu wilayah dengan prevalensi xeroftalmia paling tinggi di Indonesia, banyak faktor risiko yang diidentifikasi bagi daerah ini, termasuk kejadian kecacingan, kekurangan frekuensi pemberian ASI pada anak yang masih menyusu; kekurangan "kamar cuci" di dalam rumah; variasi diet yang terbatas, tidak ada variasi konsumsi bahan pokok selain beras; dan kecilnya konsumsi sumber-sumber protein. Faktor risiko khusus xeroftalmi-korneal berkaitan dengan riwayat penyakit yang baru diderita si anak (campak dan infestasi berat kecacingan) dan kurang kalori protein berat. Sejak tahun 1978, Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengembangkan berbagai macam pendekatan untuk mengawasi (kontrol) xeroftalmia; sampai tahun 1982 telah mencapai 80% sasaran (anak Balita) dan telah menghasilkan penurunan prevalensi xeroftalmia di wilayah ini. Penurunan prevalensi ini dicapai tanpa penurunan secara proporsional faktor-faktor risiko terkait
Diskussion zum Beitrag: Die Begriffe Rasse und Gesellschaft und einige damit zusammenhÀngende Probleme
Molecularly defined diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) comprises two subgroups with distinct clinical and genetic features
Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (DLGNT) represent rare CNS neoplasms which have been included in the 2016 update of the WHO classification. The wide spectrum of histopathological and radiological features can make this enigmatic tumor entity difficult to diagnose. In recent years, large-scale genomic and epigenomic analyses have afforded insight into key genetic alterations occurring in multiple types of brain tumors and provide unbiased, complementary tools to improve diagnostic accuracy. Through genome-wide DNA methylation screening of > 25,000 tumors, we discovered a molecularly distinct class comprising 30 tumors, mostly diagnosed histologically as DLGNTs. Copy-number profiles derived from the methylation arrays revealed unifying characteristics, including loss of chromosomal arm 1p in all cases. Furthermore, this molecular DLGNT class can be subdivided into two subgroups [DLGNT methylation class (MC)-1 and DLGNT methylation class (MC)-2], with all DLGNT-MC-2 additionally displaying a gain of chromosomal arm 1q. Co-deletion of 1p/19q, commonly seen in IDH-mutant oligodendroglioma, was frequently observed in DLGNT, especially in DLGNT-MC-1 cases. Both subgroups also had recurrent genetic alterations leading to an aberrant MAPK/ERK pathway, with KIAA1549:BRAF fusion being the most frequent event. Other alterations included fusions of NTRK1/2/3 and TRIM33:RAF1, adding up to an MAPK/ERK pathway activation identified in 80% of cases. In the DLGNT-MC-1 group, age at diagnosis was significantly lower (median 5 vs 14 years, p < 0.01) and clinical course less aggressive (5-year OS 100, vs 43% in DLGNT-MC-2). Our study proposes an additional molecular layer to the current histopathological classification of DLGNT, of particular use for cases without typical morphological or radiological characteristics, such as diffuse growth and radiologic leptomeningeal dissemination. Recurrent 1p deletion and MAPK/ERK pathway activation represent diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, respectivelyâlaying the foundation for future clinical trials with, e.g., MEK inhibitors that may improve the clinical outcome of patients with DLGNT
Genomic characterization of the Yersinia genus
Comparative Yersinia genomics identifies features responsible for the colonization of specific host habitats and the horizontal transfer of virulence determinants
Dungâvisiting beetle diversity is mainly affected by land use, while community specialization is driven by climate
Dung beetles are important actors in the selfâregulation of ecosystems by driving nutrient cycling, bioturbation, and pest suppression. Urbanization and the sprawl of agricultural areas, however, destroy natural habitats and may threaten dung beetle diversity. In addition, climate change may cause shifts in geographical distribution and community composition. We used a spaceâforâtime approach to test the effects of land use and climate on αâdiversity, local community specialization (H (2)âČ) on dung resources, and Îłâdiversity of dungâvisiting beetles. For this, we used pitfall traps baited with four different dung types at 115 study sites, distributed over a spatial extent of 300âkmâĂâ300âkm and 1000âm in elevation. Study sites were established in four local landâuse types: forests, grasslands, arable sites, and settlements, embedded in nearânatural, agricultural, or urban landscapes. Our results show that abundance and species density of dungâvisiting beetles were negatively affected by agricultural land use at both spatial scales, whereas Îłâdiversity at the local scale was negatively affected by settlements and on a landscape scale equally by agricultural and urban land use. Increasing precipitation diminished dungâvisiting beetle abundance, and higher temperatures reduced community specialization on dung types and Îłâdiversity. These results indicate that intensive land use and high temperatures may cause a loss in dungâvisiting beetle diversity and alter community networks. A decrease in dungâvisiting beetle diversity may disturb decomposition processes at both local and landscape scales and alter ecosystem functioning, which may lead to drastic ecological and economic damage
Umweltzone Leipzig: Messtechnische Begleitung der EinfĂŒhrung der Umweltzone Leipzig: Teil 6 / Abschlussbericht: Immissionssituation von 2010 bis 2016 und Wirkung der Umweltzone auf die straĂennahe LuftqualitĂ€t
Mit EinfĂŒhrung der Umweltzone 2011 erfolgte eine beschleunigte Modernisierung der Fahrzeugflotte in Leipzig gegenĂŒber anderen Regionen in Sachsen. Die Belastung durch Verbrennungspartikel aus der modernisierten Fahrzeugflotte reduzierte sich sehr deutlich. Die Reduzierung war im ersten Jahr der Umweltzone am stĂ€rksten. Nach sechs Jahren wurde eine Minderung fĂŒr die Anzahl der Partikel von 30 bis 200 nm um 74 % und fĂŒr RuĂ-Partikel BC um 59 % nachgewiesen. Dies dokumentiert den Erfolg der Partikelfilter in modernen Dieselfahrzeugen beim realen Fahren in der Stadt. Der hochtoxische Feinstaubanteil in der AuĂenluft und damit das Gesundheitsrisiko der Bevölkerung wurden sehr deutlich gesenkt. Die Umweltzone war damit eine sinnvolle und wirkungsvolle MaĂnahme der Stadtverwaltung.
Gleichzeitig trat keine Verbesserung fĂŒr die Stickstoffoxide durch die modernste Fahrzeugflotte Sachsens ein. Die Dieselfahrzeuge gelten als die Hauptverursacher. Der Misserfolg in der Minderung der Stickoxide moderner Diesel-PKW beim realen Fahren in der Stadt trotz verschĂ€rfter EURO-Abgasnormen wurde dokumentiert. Ăber die tatsĂ€chlichen Emissionen moderner Diesel-PKW wurden BĂŒrger und Stadtverwaltung von Autoherstellern getĂ€uscht
Global Distribution of Human-Associated Fecal Genetic Markers in Reference Samples from Six Continents
Numerous bacterial genetic markers are available for the molecular detection of human sources of fecal pollution in environmental waters. However, widespread application is hindered by a lack of knowledge regarding geographical stability, limiting implementation to a small number of well-characterized regions. This study investigates the geographic distribution of five human-associated genetic markers (HF183/BFDrev, HF183/BacR287, BacHum-UCD, BacH, and Lachno2) in municipal wastewaters (raw and treated) from 29 urban and rural wastewater treatment plants (750-4»400»000 population equivalents) from 13 countries spanning six continents. In addition, genetic markers were tested against 280 human and nonhuman fecal samples from domesticated, agricultural and wild animal sources. Findings revealed that all genetic markers are present in consistently high concentrations in raw (median log10 7.2-8.0 marker equivalents (ME) 100 mL-1) and biologically treated wastewater samples (median log10 4.6-6.0 ME 100 mL-1) regardless of location and population. The false positive rates of the various markers in nonhuman fecal samples ranged from 5% to 47%. Results suggest that several genetic markers have considerable potential for measuring human-associated contamination in polluted environmental waters. This will be helpful in water quality monitoring, pollution modeling and health risk assessment (as demonstrated by QMRAcatch) to guide target-oriented water safety management across the globe.Fil: Mayer, RenĂ© E.. Vienna University of Technology; Austria. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health; AustriaFil: Reischer, Georg. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Ixenmaier, Simone K.. Vienna University of Technology; Austria. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health; AustriaFil: Derx, Julia. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Blaschke, Alfred Paul. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Ebdon, James E.. University of Brighton; Reino UnidoFil: Linke, Rita. Vienna University of Technology; Austria. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water And Health; AustriaFil: Egle, Lukas. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Ahmed, Warish. Csiro Land And Water; AustraliaFil: Blanch, Anicet R.. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Byamukama, Denis. Makerere University; UgandaFil: Savill, Marion. Affordable Water Limited;Fil: Mushi, Douglas. Sokoine University Of Agriculture; TanzaniaFil: Cristobal, Hector Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria QuĂmica. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de IngenierĂa. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria QuĂmica; ArgentinaFil: Edge, Thomas A.. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. Environment and Climate Change Canada; CanadĂĄFil: Schade, Margit A.. Bavarian Environment Agency; AlemaniaFil: Aslan, Asli. Georgia Southern University; Estados UnidosFil: Brooks, Yolanda M.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Sommer, Regina. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water And Health; Austria. Medizinische Universitat Wien; AustriaFil: Masago, Yoshifumi. Tohoku University; JapĂłnFil: Sato, Maria I.. Cia. Ambiental do Estado de Sao Paulo. Departamento de AnĂĄlises Ambientais; BrasilFil: Taylor, Huw D.. University of Brighton; Reino UnidoFil: Rose, Joan B.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Wuertz, Stefan. Nanyang Technological University. Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; SingapurFil: Shanks, Orin. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Estados UnidosFil: Piringer, Harald. Vrvis Research Center; AustriaFil: Mach, Robert L.. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Savio, Domenico. Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences; AustriaFil: Zessner, Matthias. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Farnleitner, Andreas. Vienna University of Technology; Austria. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water And Health; Austria. Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences; Austri
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