Fat residue and use-wear found on Acheulian biface and scraper associated with butchered elephant remains at the site of Revadim, Israel

The archaeological record indicates that elephants must have played a significant role in early human diet and culture during Palaeolithic times in the Old World. However, the nature of interactions between early humans and elephants is still under discussion. Elephant remains are found in Palaeolithic sites, both open-air and cave sites, in Europe, Asia, the Levant, and Africa. In some cases elephant and mammoth remains indicate evidence for butchering and marrow extraction performed by humans. Revadim Quarry (Israel) is a Late Acheulian site where elephant remains were found in association with characteristic Lower Palaeolithic flint tools. In this paper we present results regarding the use of Palaeolithic tools in processing animal carcasses and rare identification of fat residue preserved on Lower Palaeolithic tools. Our results shed new light on the use of Palaeolithic stone tools and provide, for the first time, direct evidence (residue) of animal exploitation through the use of an Acheulian biface and a scraper. The association of an elephant rib bearing cut marks with these tools may reinforce the view suggesting the use of Palaeolithic stone tools in the consumption of large game

Microwave-accelerated Mizoroki-Heck and Sonogashira cross- coupling reactions in water using a heterogeneous palladium(II)-precatalyst

The catalytic activity of a 2-pyridinealdoxime-based Pd(II)-complex covalently anchored via the oxime moiety to a glass/ polymer composite material was evaluated both under thermal as well as microwave (μw) irradiating conditions in water in Mizoroki-Heck as well as Sonogashira C-C cross-coupling reactions. Synthesis of benzo[b]furan derivatives via Sonogashira cross coupling reaction was achieved when ortho-halo-phenols were employed as aryl halides. The stability and reusability of this Pd-precatalyst was part of the present study. ©ARKAT USA, Inc.DFG/Ki 397/6-1Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundatio

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ОБОГАТИМОСТИ ЗОЛОТОСОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ РУДЫ

There were quoted results of sulphide flotation with regard to ores of Natalka deposit. There was showed a possibility of production from ore contended 2 g/t of Au concentrate with gold content from 40 to 95 g/t at release of it over the range from 30 to 5 %. Precious metal recovery in such a case is 90–35 %. Sorption leaching of received concentrate by virtue CIL method allows recovers from it from 87,1 to 96,4 % of gold that is equivalent to total recovery in the range of 75,2–83,2 %.Приведены результаты сульфидной флотации руд месторождения «Наталка». Показана возможность получения из руды, содержащей 2 г/т Au, концентрата с содержанием золота от 40 до 95 г/т при выходе его в пределах 30–5 %. Извлечение благородного металла при этом составляет 90–35 %. Сорбционное выщелачивание полученного концентрата методом CIL позволяет извлекать из него золота от 87,1 до 96,4 %, что эквивалентно сквозному извлечению в пределах 75,2–83,2 %

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ЧАСТИЦ В ТЯЖЕЛОСРЕДНОМ ЦЕНТРОБЕЖНОМ СЕПАРАТОРЕ

A short description of centrifugal dense-media separation unit with two-layered isolation medium designed for improvement in the quality of gravity concentrates is given in dressing crude ore of color, rare, and precious metals; its basic diagram is shown. The solution of differential equations describing the separated particle movement in the working area is considered. As a result, analytical expressions of the most important hydrodynamic parameters of easy and heavy particle movement, i.e. their radial and longitudinal speeds necessary for correct calculations of the basic constructive elements of the separation unit, are obtained. The tests of a laboratory model of the device on artificial mixtures of quartz and galena have shown that the mutual contamination of separation products does not exceed 5 %.Дано краткое описание центробежного тяжелосредного сепаратора с двухслойной разделительной средой, предназначенного для повышения качества гравитационных концентратов при обогащении рудного сырья цветных, редких и благородных металлов, приводится его принципиальная схема. Рассмотрено решение дифференциальных уравнений движения разделяемых частиц в его рабочей зоне. В результате получены аналитические выражения наиболее важных гидродинамических параметров перемещения легких и тяжелых частиц – радиальной и продольной их скоростей, необходимых для корректных расчетов основных конструктивных элементов сепаратора. Испытаниями лабораторной модели аппарата на искусственных смесях кварца и галенита установлено, что взаимозасорение продуктов сепарации не превышает 5 %

Ruthenium Complex Bearing a Hydroxy Group Functionalised N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand – A Universal Platform for Synthesis of Tagged and Immobilised Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis

Six olefin metathesis catalysts, based on a common ruthenium precursor featuring a hydroxy-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, were successfully prepared and fully characterised. As proof-of-concept, two of them ([Ru]isonico and [Ru]dmab) were directly immobilised on a solid support. These non-covalently heterogenised catalysts are efficient in different metathesis reactions and sufficiently stable to be used for repeated runs under batch and continuous flow conditions. In nonpolar media such as n-hexane, the catalytic character of the metathesis reactions is truly heterogeneous, and the contamination of the products with ruthenium is very low. © 2021 The Authors. European Journal of Organic Chemistry published by Wiley-VCH Gmb

3D sub-nanometer analysis of glucose in an aqueous solution by cryo-atom probe tomography

Atom Probe Tomography (APT) is currently a well-established technique to analyse the composition of solid materials including metals, semiconductors and ceramics with up to near-atomic resolution. Using an aqueous glucose solution, we now extended the technique to frozen solutions. While the mass signals of the common glucose fragments C(x)H(y) and C(x)O(y)H(z) overlap with (H(2)O)(n)H from water, we achieved stoichiometrically correct values via signal deconvolution. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the stability of the detected pyranose fragments. This paper demonstrates APT’s capabilities to achieve sub-nanometre resolution in tracing whole glucose molecules in a frozen solution by using cryogenic workflows. We use a solution of defined concentration to investigate the chemical resolution capabilities as a step toward the measurement of biological molecules. Due to the evaporation of nearly intact glucose molecules, their position within the measured 3D volume of the solution can be determined with sub-nanometre resolution. Our analyses take analytical techniques to a new level, since chemical characterization methods for cryogenically-frozen solutions or biological materials are limited

A Computational Systems Biology Software Platform for Multiscale Modeling and Simulation: Integrating Whole-Body Physiology, Disease Biology, and Molecular Reaction Networks

Today, in silico studies and trial simulations already complement experimental approaches in pharmaceutical R&D and have become indispensable tools for decision making and communication with regulatory agencies. While biology is multiscale by nature, project work, and software tools usually focus on isolated aspects of drug action, such as pharmacokinetics at the organism scale or pharmacodynamic interaction on the molecular level. We present a modeling and simulation software platform consisting of PK-Sim® and MoBi® capable of building and simulating models that integrate across biological scales. A prototypical multiscale model for the progression of a pancreatic tumor and its response to pharmacotherapy is constructed and virtual patients are treated with a prodrug activated by hepatic metabolization. Tumor growth is driven by signal transduction leading to cell cycle transition and proliferation. Free tumor concentrations of the active metabolite inhibit Raf kinase in the signaling cascade and thereby cell cycle progression. In a virtual clinical study, the individual therapeutic outcome of the chemotherapeutic intervention is simulated for a large population with heterogeneous genomic background. Thereby, the platform allows efficient model building and integration of biological knowledge and prior data from all biological scales. Experimental in vitro model systems can be linked with observations in animal experiments and clinical trials. The interplay between patients, diseases, and drugs and topics with high clinical relevance such as the role of pharmacogenomics, drug–drug, or drug–metabolite interactions can be addressed using this mechanistic, insight driven multiscale modeling approach

Experience in the use of transcatheter sympathetic denervation of the renal arteries of treatment-resistant hypertension

Цель: Изучение эффективности и безопасности использования транскатетерной симпатической денервации почечных артерий (ТКСДПА) в лечении резистентной артериальной гипертензии (АГ). Методы исследования: измерение офисного АД, суточное мониторирование АД (СМАД), определение скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ), ТКСДПА

Less of a bird’s song than a hard rock ensemble

Corbey et al. (2016) have written an interesting and thoughtful paper designed to provoke debate surrounding one of the most important and persistent Stone Age artefacts, the Acheulean handaxe. They challenge the long held notion that the Acheulean handaxe was a product of a cultural landscape influenced through social learning. Instead they suggest the Acheulean handaxe was, in part, under genetic control. Whilst the Corbey et al. paper was an ambitious one with many points of debate included within it, we will focus here on those areas that best match our expertise, namely the nature of Acheulean handaxes and the archaeological record

The functional brain networks that underlie Early Stone Age tool manufacture

After 800,000 years of making simple Oldowan tools, early humans began manufacturing Acheulian handaxes around 1.75 million years ago. This advance is hypothesized to reflect an evolutionary change in hominin cognition and language abilities. We used a neuroarchaeology approach to investigate this hypothesis, recording brain activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy as modern human participants learned to make Oldowan and Acheulian stone tools in either a verbal or nonverbal training context. Here we show that Acheulian tool production requires the integration of visual, auditory and sensorimotor information in the middle and superior temporal cortex, the guidance of visual working memory representations in the ventral precentral gyrus, and higher-order action planning via the supplementary motor area, activating a brain network that is also involved in modern piano playing. The right analogue to Broca’s area—which has linked tool manufacture and language in prior work1,2—was only engaged during verbal training. Acheulian toolmaking, therefore, may have more evolutionary ties to playing Mozart than quoting Shakespeare