El cine de Krzystof Kieslowski : la Perfección y el Azar

Se analiza brevemente lo esencial de la obra cinematográfica del director polaco Krzystof Kieslowski (Varsovia, 1941-1996) y de Krzystof Pisiewick (Varsovia, 1945) su guionista. Básicamente son dos vectores (paradójicamente opuestos) los que la fundamentan: la Perfección y el Azar. Ambos actúan sobre la vida del ciudadano del mundo occidental: a la presión del primero, Kieslowski ofrece la abertura del segundo. Este es su análisis de la sociedad europea y, lo que es más importante, así lo traslada a su lenguaje cinematográfico. De esta forma, demostrando su inmensa personalidad, se aleja de las tendencias frívolas y banalizadoras del cine en la posmodernidad, que ha esterilizado y mecanizado el lenguaje cinematográfico. Desde su soledad intelectual y artística nos dejó una obra clave para la cinematografía mundial. Una obra que nos ayuda a entendernos a nosotros mismos.This article looks into the essence of the work of Polish director Krzystof Kieslowski (Warsaw, 1941-1996) and his scriptwriter Krzystof Pisiewick (Warsaw, 1945). Their cinematography rests on two pillars, which paradoxically are confronted: Perfection and Chance or random events. Both pillars have a bearing on common lives in the Western world. The pressure exerted on man by the first pillar is countered by the lightness of the second one. Kieslowski's cinematography reflects his own views on European society and this very approach separates him from the frivolity and banality of postmodern cinema, characterized by the sterility and mechanization of cinematographic language. Kieslowski's solitary confinement and artistic isolation has given us a product that is a key element in cinematography as we know it. Kieslowski and Pisiewick created a work that helps us understand our own very self

Monte Bernorio (Palencia): siglo I a.C. / 1936- 1937 d.C. Arqueología de un campo de batalla

El yacimiento de Monte Bernorio es uno de los más importantes de la Edad del Hierro en el norte de la Península Ibérica. Por su estratégico emplazamiento, este oppidum tuvo un importante papel en la guerra de conquista que el Emperador Augusto desarrolló contra los territorios de Cántabros y Ástures. Dos mil años más tarde este núcleo volvió a tener una crucial importancia estratégica en los enfrentamientos de la Guerra Civil, en los que Monte Bernorio jugó un papel fundamental dentro del denominado “Frente Norte”. A través del estudio arqueológico de los restos que se han conservado de los combates se puede llegar a comprender la dureza de la guerra en esta área y las condiciones de vida de los soldados en las posiciones que se erigieron entre los restos de la Edad del Hierro.Monte Bernorio is one of the most important Iron Age sites in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Due to its strategic position, this oppidum played a relevant role in the war of conquest that Emperor Augustus carried out in the land of the Cantabrians and Asturians. Two thousand years later, this place was again of great strategic relevance during the Spanish Civil War: Monte Bernorio played a crucial role within the so-called “Northern Front”. Through the archaeological study of the Civil War remains, it is possible to understand the hardness of the combats that took place in this area, as well as the harsh conditions of life experienced by those soldiers who fought among the ruins of an Iron Age settlement

Attack and destruction of the Monte Bernorio oppidvm and the establishment of a roman castellvm

El "oppidum" de Monte Bernorio resulta bien conocido como una de las ciudades fortificadas de la Edad del Hierro más importantes del cantábrico. En las campañas militares que el emperador Octavio Augusto desencadeno contra "Cántabros y Ástures" la conquista de este "oppidum" resultó esencial, como demuestran las recientes campañas de excavación arqueológicas. Se presentan en este trabajo algunas novedades relacionadas con el descubrimiento, en su "acrópolis", del "agger" de un "castellum" romano construido aprovechando en parte el dispositivo defensivo indígena. Este "castellum" tuvo varias fases de ocupación sucesivas con al menos dos reconstrucciones de las estructuras defensivas de esta fortificación.Monte Bernorio Hillfort is a very well known "oppidum" and one of the most important Iron Age sites in the North of Spain. The siege of this "oppidum" was essential during Emperor Augustus’ military campaign against Cantabrian and Asturian peoples, as shown by the latest archaeological researches in this site. In this paper we introduce new findings regarding the discovery, in the "acropolis" of the hillfort, of the "agger" of a Roman fort, built using some parts of the indigenous defenses. The roman fort has experienced different occupation periods with no less than two different phases

Cyberbullying in Adolescents from Ecuador and Spain: Prevalence and Differences in Gender, School Year and Ethnic-Cultural Background

The aim of this study is to discover the prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents from Ecuador and Spain, and identify any differences by gender, school year, and ethnic-cultural background. A culturally-diverse group of 33,303 adolescents took part in the study (Ecuador = 10,918; Spain = 22,385). Our results show that in Ecuador, one in four, and in Spain, one in five teenagers were involved in cyberbullying. In both countries, teenagers in the higher school years were more commonly involved. Significant differences in gender and role of involvement were detected in both countries. In Ecuador, no differences were noted between the different ethnic-cultural groups as regards to the roles of involvement in cyberbullying. However, in Spain, these differences do exist. In this paper, these findings are discussed, and proposals for how to prevent cyberbullying are given

Double-channel excitation in the XAS spectra of divalent and trivalent iron complexes in water solution.

We present a detailed analysis of XAS spectra of divalent and trivalent iron complexes in water solutions. The interpretation of the spectra has been provided by multi-channel multiple scattering approach. On this basis, good agreement between experimental data and theoretical calculations has been obtained in both cases including two excitation channels in the final state

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol over calcined MgFe hydrotalcites

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation is an alternative catalytic approach for the reduction of carbonyl groups, instead of the use of dihydrogen gas. In this sense, a series of catalysts has been prepared by thermal treatment of layered double hydroxides, hydrotalcite type, of Mg(II) and Fe(III), with different Mg/Fe molar ratios. The resulting mixture of metal oxides was characterized by X-ray diffraction, TEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, CO2-TPD, NH3-TPD and XPS, and then catalysts were tested in the Meenwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction of furfural to obtain furfuryl alcohol. The catalytic results show that the catalysts with a Mg/Fe molar ratio of 3 allows reaching the highest furfural conversion at a lower reaction time, with a FOL yield close to 90% after 6 h of reaction at 443 K. The detailed analysis of these catalysts also revealed that the basicity has a more predominant role in the MPV reaction than acid sites.Spanish Ministry of Innovation, Science and Universities (Project RTI2018-094918-B-C44) and FEDER (European Union) funds. J.A.C. and C.G.S. thank University of Malaga for contracts of PhD incorporation. R.M.T. thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (IEDI-2016-00743) for the financial support within the I3 program

Bethesda cytopathologic diagnosis system in the pathology of thyroid

[ES] Introducción y objetivo: Se ha demostrado en la literatura que la punción-aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) de tiroides es el método más útil para el estudio de un nódulo tiroideo. Además de ser una técnica no invasiva y de bajo coste. A raíz de una reunión multidisciplinar de expertos en patología tiroidea se crea el sistema Bethesda que establece seis categorías diagnósticas, y permite seleccionar pacientes candidatos a tratamiento quirúrgico. Material y método: Sistema Bethesda 2010. Resultados y discusión: En este artículo se realiza una breve revisión de los hallazgos citológicos de las distintas categorías diagnósticas del sistema Bethesda con correlación histológica. Conclusiones: El sistema Bethesda permite a los patólogos realizar informes de PAAF sistematizados, unificados y homogéneos y establecer una actitud terapéutica seleccionando los pacientes candidatos a tratamiento quirúrgico. [EN] Introduction and objective: Fine needle aspiration (FNA), a non invasive, low-cost technique, has been proved to be the most useful method for diagnosis of thyroid nodules. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology resulted from a multidisciplinary conference and led to standardization of FNA reports based on six diagnostic categories, selecting candidate patients for surgical treatment. Method: Bethesda system 2010 Results and Discussion: In this article, a brief revision of cytologic findings with histological correlation in Bethesda diagnostic categories is performed. Conclusions: Bethesda system allows pathologists to ellaborate systematized, unified and homogeneous FNA reports in order to establish a therapeutic attitude and choose candidate patients for surgical treatment

Functionalization of a Few-Layer Antimonene with Oligonucleotides for DNA Sensing

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Applied Nano Materials, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsanm.0c00335Antimonene, a novel group 15 two-dimensional material, is functionalized with an oligonucleotide as a first step to DNA sensor development. The functionalization process leads to a few-layer antimonene modified with DNA that after deposition on gold screen-printed electrodes gives a simple and efficient DNA electrochemical sensing platform. We provide theoretical and experimental data of the DNA–antimonene interaction, confirming that oligonucleotides interact noncovalently but strongly with antimonene. The potential utility of this antimonene-based sensing device is assessed using, as a case of study, a sequence from the BRCA1 gene as the target DNA. The selectivity of the device allows not only recognition of a specific DNA sequence but also detection of a mutation in this gene associated with breast cancer, directly in clinical samplesThe Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades (Grants CTQ2017-84309-C2-1-R, MAT2016-77608-C3-1-P, PCI2018-093081, JTC2017/2D-Sb&Ge, and FIS2016-80434-P), Generalitat Valenciana (Grant APOSTD/2017/010), and CAM (Grants TransNANOAVANSENS and 2017-T1/BIO-5435) are gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the María de Maeztu Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2014-0377), the Fundación Ramón Areces, and the computer resources and assistance provided by the Centro de Computación Científica of the Universidad Autónoma de Madri

Tailoring basic and acidic properties of MgAl hydrotalcite by fluoride anions: Effect on glycerol oligomerisation

In this work, two families of catalysts based on mixed metal oxides derived from MgAl hydrotalcites were synthesized with a Mg/Al molar ratio of 3. On the one hand, in the first family, the fluoride anion was incorporated in the interlayer space by using ammonium fluoride, exploiting the “memory effect” characteristic of hydrotalcites. In the second family, fluoride anions substituted oxides anions in the layer, incorporating directly them during the precipitation of hydroxides, by using cryolite as a precursor for both fluorine and aluminium. The hydrotalcites were transformed into mixed metal oxides by thermal treatment and tested in the glycerol etherification reaction at 230 ºC, in a batch reactor at atmospheric pressure. The hydrotalcites and the corresponding mixed metal oxides were characterized by different experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis (CHF), N2 sorption at -196ºC, thermogravimetric analysis (ATD-TG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 and NH3 (CO2-TPD and NH3-DTP) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonace (ssNMR) of 19F. It was found that the mixed metal oxides prepared from hydrotalcites, where fluorine was incorporated in the synthesis step using cryolite, achieved the maximum conversion values and complete selectivity towards diglycerol. Diglycerols were the unique detected products and, in some cases, the formation of triglycerols was also detected.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU