Inferindo o risco do desconhecido:implicações do contexto e do risco percebido na percepção da nanotecnologia

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Cognição Social Aplicada), 2009, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoDisponível no document

A influência das questões de género na planificação e dinamização das atividades em jardim de infância: conceções e práticas dos educadores

O presente documento destina-se à apresentação do relatório final de Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar. Este trabalho contém a descrição e reflexão relativamente à intervenção desenvolvida nas unidades curriculares de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, bem como o exercício investigativo que se desenvolveu em torno da questão: “Qual a influência das questões de género na planificação e dinamização das atividades em jardim de infância, de acordo com as conceções e práticas dos educadores e educadoras de infância.” Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, a metodologia adotada é de natureza qualitativa, baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas a educadores e educadoras de infância.This document is intended for the submission of the final report of Master's in Pre-School Education. This work contains the description and reflection regarding the intervention developed in the curricular units of Supervised Teaching Practice, as well as the investigative exercise that was developed around the question: "What is the influence of gender issues in the planning and dynamization of the activities in garden of according to the conceptions and practices of childhood educators." For the development of the research, the methodology adopted is qualitative, based on semi-structured interviews with educators of childhood.N/

Influence of nephrotic state on the infectious profile in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome present alterations in their cellular and humoral immune reactions that predispose them to the development of infectious processes. PURPOSE: To characterize the infectious processes in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-two children and adolescents with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome were assessed retrospectively. The types of infection were grouped as follows: upper respiratory tract infections; pneumonia; skin infections; peritonitis; diarrhea; urinary tract infection ; herpes virus; and others. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (steroid-responsive) n = 75, with 4 subgroups-IA (single episode) n = 10, IB (infrequent relapsers) n = 5, IC (frequent relapsers) n = 14, and ID (steroid-dependent) n = 46; and Group II (steroid-resistant) n = 17. The incidence-density of infection among the patients was assessed throughout the follow-up period. Comparisons for each group and subgroup were done during the periods of negative and nephrotic proteinuria. RESULTS: The analysis revealed a greater incidence-density of infections during the period of nephrotic proteinuria in all the groups and subgroups, with the exception of subgroup IA. During the period of nephrotic proteinuria, subgroups IC, ID, and Group II presented a greater incidence-density of infections as compared to subgroup IA. For the period of negative proteinuria, there was no difference in the incidence-density of infections between the groups and subgroups. Upper respiratory tract infections were the most frequent infectious processes. CONCLUSION: The nephrotic condition, whether as part of a course of frequent relapses, steroid dependence, or steroid resistance, conferred greater susceptibility to infection among the patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The results of this study suggest that the best preventive action against infection in this disease is to control the nephrotic state.OBJETIVO: Caracterizar as infecções, em pacientes com Síndrome Nefrótica Idiopática. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, os prontuários de 92 crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome Nefrótica Idiopática . Os tipos de infecções foram agrupados em: Infecções de Vias Aéreas Superiores , Pnemonia, Infecções Cutâneas, Peritonite, Diarréia, Infecção do Trato Urinário, Herpes Vírus e Outros. Os pacientes foram divididos, em dois grupos: Grupo I (córtico-sensíveis)-n=75, com quatro subgrupos; IA (episódio único)-n=10; IB (recidivantes infreqüentes)-n=5; IC (recidivantes freqüentes)-n=14 e ID (córtico-dependentes) n=46; e Grupo II (córtico-resistentes)-n=17. Comparou-se a densidade de incidência de infecções nos períodos com proteinúria negativa e nefrótica. No período com proteinúria nefrótica, comparou-se a densidade de incidência de infecções dos grupos e subgrupos entre si. Da mesma forma, no período com proteinúria negativa. RESULTADO: A análise revelou maior densidade de incidência de infecções, no período com proteinúria nefrótica, em todos os grupos e subgrupos, com exceção do subgrupo IA. No período com proteinúria nefrótica, os subgrupos IC, ID e o grupo II, apresentaram maior densidade de incidência de infecções, quando comparados ao subgrupo IA. No período com proteinúria negativa, não houve diferença na densidade de incidência de infecções entre os grupos e subgrupos. As Infecções de Vias Aéreas Superiores foram os processos infecciosos mais freqüentes. CONCLUSÃO: O estado nefrótico, manifesto através de recidivas freqüentes, dependência ou resistência aos corticosteróides, conferiu ao pacientes com Síndrome Nefrótica Idiopática , maior susceptibilidade à infecções. O resultado deste estudo reforça que a melhor prevenção anti-infecciosa nesta doença é o controle do estado nefrótico

Da cozinha ao hospital : Um pré-teste de comportamentos típicos de diferentes grupos profissionais

No presente artigo apresentam-se dois estudos com o objectivo de avaliar descrições de comporta - mentos típicos de seis grupos profissionais distintos: programador de computadores, trabalhador das obras, cozinheiro, médico, músico e agricultor. De um conjunto inicial de comportamentos gerados para cada grupo profissional por um grupo de 83 participantes, foram seleccionados 420 que foram avaliados por uma nova amostra de 122 participantes divididos em duas sub-amostras. Após a determinação de medidas de tendência central e intervalos de confiança a 95%, os comportamentos foram ordenados de acordo com a sua média de tipicidade. As listas de comportamentos obtidas constituem um recurso para investigação futura em diversas áreas da psicologia nomeadamente nas áreas da cognição situada e corporalizada e da memória de acção.ABSTRACT: This paper presents two studies that evaluate behavioral descriptions typical of six different professional groups: computer programmer, construction worker, cook, physician, musician, and farmer. From an initial pool of behaviors generated for each professional group by a sample of 83 participants, 420 behaviors were selected and rated by two new sub-samples of 122 participants. After calculating central tendency measures and confidence intervals at 95% the behaviors were sorted according to their mean of typicality. The obtained lists of behaviors constitute a resource for future research in several fields of psychology such as situated and embodied cognition and action memory.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT

Da cozinha ao hospital: Um pré-teste de comportamentos típicos de diferentes grupos profissionais

No presente artigo apresentam-se dois estudos com o objectivo de avaliar descrições de comportamentos típicos de seis grupos profissionais distintos: programador de computadores, trabalhador das obras, cozinheiro, médico, músico e agricultor. De um conjunto inicial de comportamentos gerados para cada grupo profissional por um grupo de 83 participantes, foram seleccionados 420 que foram avaliados por uma nova amostra de 122 participantes divididos em duas sub-amostras. Após a determinação de medidas de tendência central e intervalos de confiança a 95%, os comportamentos foram ordenados de acordo com a sua média de tipicidade. As listas de comportamentos obtidas constituem um recurso para investigação futura em diversas áreas da psicologia nomeadamente nas áreas da cognição situada e corporalizada e da memória de acção

Postmortem diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with acute respiratory failure - demographics, etiologic and pulmonary histologic analysis

OBJECTIVES: Acute respiratory failure is present in 5% of patients with acute myocardial infarction and is responsible for 20% to 30% of the fatal post-acute myocardial infarction. The role of inflammation associated with pulmonary edema as a cause of acute respiratory failure post-acute myocardial infarction remains to be determined. We aimed to describe the demographics, etiologic data and histological pulmonary findings obtained through autopsies of patients who died during the period from 1990 to 2008 due to acute respiratory failure with no diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction during life. METHODS: This study considers 4,223 autopsies of patients who died of acute respiratory failure that was not preceded by any particular diagnosis while they were alive. The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was given in 218 (4.63%) patients. The age, sex and major associated diseases were recorded for each patient. Pulmonary histopathology was categorized as follows: diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage and lymphoplasmacytic interstitial pneumonia. The odds ratio of acute myocardial infarction associated with specific histopathology was determined by logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 147 men were included in the study. The mean age at the time of death was 64 years. Pulmonary histopathology revealed pulmonary edema as well as the presence of diffuse alveolar damage in 72.9% of patients. Bacterial bronchopneumonia was present in 11.9% of patients, systemic arterial hypertension in 10.1% and dilated cardiomyopathy in 6.9%. A multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between acute myocardial infarction with diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary edema. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we demonstrated that in autopsies of patients with acute respiratory failure as the cause of death, 5% were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Pulmonary histology revealed a significant inflammatory response, which has not previously been reported

Post-Mortem Histological Pulmonary Analysis in Patients with HIV/AIDS

OBJECTIVES: Certain aspects of pulmonary pathology observed in autopsies of HIV/AIDS patients are still unknown. This study considers 250 autopsies of HIV/AIDS patients who died of acute respiratory failure and describes the demographic data, etiology, and histological pulmonary findings of the various pathologies. METHODS: The following data were obtained: age, sex, and major associated diseases (found at the autopsy). Pulmonary histopathology was categorized as: diffuse alveolar damage; pulmonary edema; alveolar hemorrhage; and acute interstitial pneumonia. Odds ratio of the HIV/AIDS-associated diseases developing a specific histopathological pattern was determined by logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 197 men and 53 women were studied. The mean age was 36 years. Bacterial bronchopneumonia was present in 36% (91 cases) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in 27% (68) of patients. Pulmonary histopathology showed acute interstitial pneumonia in 40% (99), diffuse alveolar damage in 36% (89), pulmonary edema in 13% (33), and alveolar hemorrhage in 12% (29) of patients. Multivariate analysis showed a significant and positive association between Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and acute interstitial pneumonia (Odds ratio, 4.51; 95% CI, 2.46 - 8.24; p < 0.001), severe sepsis and/or septic shock and diffuse alveolar damage (Odds ratio, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.78 -7.27; p < 0.001), and cytomegalovirus and acute interstitial pneumonia (Odds ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.01 - 4.93; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This report is the first autopsy study to include demographic data, etiologic diagnosis, and respective histopathological findings in patients with HIV/AIDS and acute respiratory failure. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the complete pulmonary physiopathological mechanism involved with each HIV/AIDS-associated disease

Demographic, etiological, and histological pulmonary analysis of patients with acute respiratory failure: a study of 19 years of autopsies

INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory failure has been one of the most important causes of death in intensive care units, and certain aspects of its pulmonary pathology are currently unknown. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to describe the demographic data, etiology, and pulmonary histopathological findings of different diseases in the autopsies of patients with acute respiratory failure. METHOD: Autopsies of 4,710 patients with acute respiratory failure from 1990 to 2008 were reviewed, and the following data were obtained: age, sex, and major associated diseases. The pulmonary histopathology was categorized as diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, and lymphoplasmacytic interstitial pneumonia. The odds ratio of the concordance between the major associated diseases and specific autopsy findings was calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Bacterial bronchopneumonia was present in 33.9% of the cases and cancer in 28.1%. The pulmonary histopathology showed diffuse alveolar damage in 40.7% (1,917) of the cases. A multivariate analysis showed a significant and powerful association between diffuse alveolar damage and bronchopneumonia, HIV/AIDS, sepsis, and septic shock, between liver cirrhosis and pulmonary embolism, between pulmonary edema and acute myocardial infarction, between dilated cardiomyopathy and cancer, between alveolar hemorrhage and bronchopneumonia and pulmonary embolism, and between lymphoplasmacytic interstitial pneumonia and HIV/ AIDS and liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchopneumonia was the most common diagnosis in these cases. The most prevalent pulmonary histopathological pattern was diffuse alveolar damage, which was associated with different inflammatory conditions. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the complete pathophysiological mechanisms involved with each disease and the development of acute respiratory failure