Polishing devices and techniques on resin-based composite restorations: systematic review

Objetivo: Esta revisão descreve os principais sistemas de polimento (“Um passo” e “Vários passos”) e analisa evidências in vitro sobre procedimentos técnicos. Desenvolvimento: PubMed e B-on foram usados para identificar os estudos “in vitro” sobre técnicas de polimento e o modelo PRISMA foi aplicado para a seleção. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos redigidos em inglês, publicados entre os anos 2010 e 2020, estudos “in vitro” que avaliavam a rugosidade superficial (RS), o brilho e a microdureza (MD) em resinas compostas. As instruções de utilização e as fichas de segurança foram recolhidas online dos fabricantes. Conclusões: Vinte e oito sistemas de polimento foram identificados: 8 de “Um-passo” e 20 de “Vários-passos”. Dezasseis estudos in vitro foram incluídos; apresentados e descritos dez sistemas de polimento e seus protocolos. A RS, o brilho e a MD variam de acordo com a técnica usada. É essencial consultar o manual de instruções de cada resina composta e do sistema de polimento de forma a fazer uma escolha racional.Aims: This review describes the main polishing systems (Single- and Multi-Step) commercially available and analyses in vitro evidence about its technical procedures. Development: PubMed and B-on were used to identify all in vitro studies about different polishing techniques and PRISMA selection process was applied. Inclusion criteria were: Only papers written in English, published between the years 2010 and 2020 and, in vitro studies that evaluated surface roughness (SR), surface gloss (SG) and microhardness (MH) on different RBC. Directions for use (DFU) and Safety data sheet (SDS), were accessed directly from polishing manufacturers’ online sites. Conclusion: Twenty-eight different polishing systems: 8 Single-Step (1S) and 20 Multi-Step (2S, 3S, 4S…) were found as commercially available. 16 in vitro studies were included. Four 1S and six Multi-Step devices and their technical protocols described. SR, SG and MH vary according to techniques. It is essential to read the DFUs of each RBC and polishing system to make a rationale choice

Siberian imaginaries: evaluating participatory placemaking as a tool for civic development of shared spaces in the postcolonial contexts of Yakutsk and Lensk, north-eastern Siberia

This PhD by practice examines the potential of participatory placemaking as a tool for the civic development of shared urban spaces in the postcolonial contexts of the cities of Yakutsk and Lensk located in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), North-Eastern Siberia. Inhibited by its colonial history and forced urbanisation during the period of Soviet rule and the rigidity of the current Russian-based planning process, the citizens of Yakutia have little involvement in the imagining and making of the fabric of the city. The research asks: how can participatory placemaking contribute to the civic development of Yakutsk and Lensk by embodying the aspirations of residents and employing other local contextual affordances at city, neighbourhood and building scales? The research methodology is built on three stages of Investigator, Narrator, and Maker in three case studies and two surveys. The facilitate participatory placemaking, Lefebvre’s methods of deduction, induction, translation, transduction, and transposition were applied to provoke the imagination and aid the representation of alternative futures by participants. The research methods used for data collection included facilitation of co-design workshops, hands-on building initiatives, and snowballing interviews. These research methods use the community auto-ethnographic lens to empower local participants as the main decision makers. The case studies of Oyuur Park in Lensk and Dog City in Yakutsk test the top-down and bottom-up approaches of participatory design. The third case study of the Amphitheatre Project in London was added to compare Yakutian learning-by-making practices with western ones. The survey of snowballing interviews assesses newly emerging participatory design practices in Yakutia in comparison with the practices in Canada, Greenland, Scandinavia, and the UK to define its characteristics. The final survey of Siberian Imaginaries built on found local affordances tests further the theory of urban imaginaries through online participatory design workshops. Throughout the research process an optimal 4-stage PP structure was applied based on the heuristic adaptation of PP processes and methods in the Yakutian context. The research demonstrates that Participatory Placemaking can be successfully used as a tool for the civic development of shared spaces in Yakutsk and Lensk through the assembly of urban imaginaries. In addition, the urban learning forums created by PP can contribute to design creativity and participants’ capacity to participate, expand affordances through co-making of narratives and artefacts, and subsequently, expand the urban imaginaries which embodying the aspirations of residents. Yakutian Participatory Placemaking is characterised by its fundamental embodiment of the conditions of the context such as extreme climate, remote location, and scarce resources. Additional contextual factors were the lack of time and low experience of civic action by participants. The research contributes to knowledge by helping to fill the gap in the application of participatory placemaking in the postcolonial Far North. The recommendations evaluate the most effective design approach, timing, process structure, and scale for PP in the research context. The recommendations can be tested further to scale up the local initiatives in Yakutia and in regions with similar contextual characteristics and/or used as guidance to facilitate speculative participatory placemaking projects in other contexts

О НАУЧНОМ ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ А.Е. КУЛАКОВСКОГО: ФЛОРИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СЕВЕРНОГО РЕГИОНА РОССИИ

The article presents the work by A. E. Kulakovsky Species of Flora and Fauna Known to the Yakuts. The relevance of the research is caused by the demand for this work in our time, when the materials on the fauna and flora of Yakutia were systematized for the first time. The purpose of the research is to identify the author's contribution to the historical and cultural aspects of studying the nature of the Northern territories of Russia as exemplified by the analysis of the above work. The study was conducted within the methodological framework of historical-comparative and textual analysis. The source facts are presented on the contents of works on the flora of Yakutia, published from the middle of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries. The results of the study confirm the value of Kulakovsky’s research – the native Yakut names of plants reflect the features of the Northern nature and the perception of the environment by the Yakuts. The authors came to the conclusion that the study of folk terminology testifies the development of the Northern region by the Sakha people, revealing its peculiarity as a linguistic source.El artículo presenta el trabajo de A. E. Kulakovsky Especies de flora y fauna conocidas de los Yakuts. La relevancia de la investigación se debe a la demanda de este trabajo en nuestro tiempo, cuando los materiales sobre la fauna y la flora de Yakutia se sistematizaron por primera vez. El propósito de la investigación es identificar la contribución del autor a los aspectos históricos y culturales del estudio de la naturaleza de los territorios del norte de Rusia, como lo demuestra el análisis del trabajo anterior. El estudio se realizó dentro del marco metodológico del análisis histórico-comparativo y textual. Los datos de origen se presentan en el contenido de las obras sobre la flora de Yakutia, publicadas desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta principios del XX. Los resultados del estudio confirman el valor de la investigación de Kulakovsky: los nombres nativos de plantas Yakut reflejan las características de la naturaleza del Norte y la percepción del medio ambiente por parte de los Yakuts. Los autores llegaron a la conclusión de que el estudio de la terminología popular atestigua el desarrollo de la región norte por parte del pueblo Sakha, revelando su peculiaridad como fuente lingüística.В статье представляется работа А.Е. Кулаковского «Виды животного и растительного царств, известные якутам». Актуальность исследования обуславливается востребованностью в наше время данной работы, где впервые систематизированы материалы по фауне и флоре Якутии. Цель исследования – выявить вклад автора в историко-культурных аспектах изучения природы северных территорий России на примерах анализа материалов двух частей названной работы. Исследование проведено в рамках историко-сравнительного и текстологического методов. Источниковедческие факты представляются по содержаниям работ по флоре Якутии, изданных с середины XIX до начала ХХ веков. Результаты исследования подтверждают ценность работы Кулаковского – в исконно якутских названиях растений отражаются особенности северной природы и восприятие окружающей среды якутами. Авторы приходят к выводу, что работа по изучению народной терминологии свидетельствует освоение северного края народом саха, в чем раскрывается ее особенность и как лингвистического источника. В этом ракурсе выводы связываются с современными вопросами сохранения национального языка: обращают внимание на архаические слова и выражения, раскрывают связи языка с уникальными природными явлениями края. Итоги изучения данной проблемы расширяют возможности осмысления научных трудов Кулаковского, неравнодушного к судьбе своего народа мыслителя

Antireflux Compression Biliodigestive Anastomoses Formation with the Usage of the TiNi Shape Memory Implant

The usefulness of the anastomotic device for the valve compression anastomoses formation among animals was evaluated. The implant is made of the nickelid titanium alloy (TiNi) in the form of two rounds of the TiNi wire which ends are unbent to the opposite sides. In the area of the unbent rounds the compression isn't carried out, the tissue isn't squeezed. And further there is a formation of the valve. 26antirefluxbiliodigestive compression anastomoses on the small bowel are created during the experiment. They include 13 choledochojejunostomy and 13 cholecystojejunostomy. We studied the terms of the compression devices failure, the mechanical and biological durability of these anastomoses, the primary permeability of anastomoses and carried out the microscopic examination of the compression suture. No complications connected with the use of the compression device were noted. We proved that all the valve compression anastomoses created with using the TiNi shape-memory implant are mechanically and biologically tight. The compression devices eliminated from the zones of anastomoses on the 7th-8th day after the surgery in all cases. The microscopic examination showed the insignificant development of sclerosis in the compression zone and full adaptation of all organ layers. The created valve reduced the reflux of intestinal contents that lessened the probability of development of acute and chronic cholangitis in the postoperative period. The use of the TiNi implant allows to carry out the operation twice quicker. Such anastomosis has high physical durability and small bacteriological permeability.The new way of the formation of valve biliodigestive compression anastomoses allows to create stronger and more reliable anastomoses and prevent the development of typical complications

Ag/ZnO NANOCOMPOSITES AS REAGENTS FOR WATER TREATMENT

The study was funded by the program of the Perm Research and Education Center "Rational subsoil use". Analytical, spectroscopic, and biological studies were carried out using the equipment of the Core Facilities Center "Research of materials and matter" at the PFRC UB RAS

Improving the efficiency of forest companies by optimizing the key indicators of sustainable forest management: a case study of the Far East

Forest plantations provide a wide range of products. Therefore, it is vital to ensure the sustainable growth and adequate management of forest resources. This study aims to examine the current challenges facing the forest industry, such as the depletion of forest resources, the increasing cost of wood processing products, and intensifying competition in the timber market (caused by the tropical wood supply). These challenges force the world’s leading forest countries to intensify forest cultivation, to consult forest industries in the Far East and to optimize the sustainable use of forest resources. It was found that current distribution of cutting practices threatens the forest ecosystem. The study suggests a scheme where 10–30% of forest area is clear-cut, 70–90% is selectively logged, and 20–35% is exposed to gradual felling. Factors, such as harvesting time, exhaust emissions, the loss of young trees, topsoil degradation, load on the soil surface, and the slope angle are essential for building mathematical models of forest sustainability. The intensity of wood transportation is also a critical factor influencing the above indicators. The study proposes a model for reorganizing regional wood harvesting companies to improve their profitability. The theoretical model is adapted to the Far Eastern context, but is suitable for use in other parts of the world. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Genome-wide sequence analyses of ethnic populations across Russia

The Russian Federation is the largest and one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, however no centralized reference database of genetic variation exists to date. Such data are crucial for medical genetics and essential for studying population history. The Genome Russia Project aims at filling this gap by performing whole genome sequencing and analysis of peoples of the Russian Federation. Here we report the characterization of genome-wide variation of 264 healthy adults, including 60 newly sequenced samples. People of Russia carry known and novel genetic variants of adaptive, clinical and functional consequence that in many cases show allele frequency divergence from neighboring populations. Population genetics analyses revealed six phylogeographic partitions among indigenous ethnicities corresponding to their geographic locales. This study presents a characterization of population-specific genomic variation in Russia with results important for medical genetics and for understanding the dynamic population history of the world's largest country

Existence verbs in the Yakut language as evidence of linguistic contacts

The article considers the verbs of being in the Yakut language as evidence of language contacts. The purpose of this article is to present the verbs of being in the Yakut language in the light of a comparative study of the verbs of being in related Turkic languages, which is important in solving the problem of defining the historical linguistic community. The novelty is their consideration in the aspect of the problem of linguistic contacts. Their presentation in the Yakut language is relevant in accordance with the principles and methods of linguistic analysis, comparative-comparative study of verbs of related Turkic languages. An overview of the state of study of the verbal lexicon of being in linguistics is presented. It has been determined that the presentation of the characteristics of the lexical-semantic groups of verbs as one of the fundamental components of the functional-semantic field of being in the Yakut language is important in the further presentation of the initial theoretical provisions, determining the fundamental conceptual and methodological principles and substantiating the conceptual and terminological basis for studying the verbs of being in the Yakut language and Turkology in general. It is indicated that the study of the verbs of being in the aspect of the problem of linguistic contacts is important in identifying the corpus of existential verbal lexemes in the Yakut language, determining the lexical-semantic group of verbs of being that are part of the functional-semantic field of the same name, studying the text-forming function of verbs of being in the Turkic languages. It was revealed that such studies are important in establishing a common Pra-Türkic language at the level of the system of lexicalsemantic groups of existential verbs, as well as general and specific in the functioning of existential verbs in the Yakut language and the Turkic languages of Southern Siberia

The role of the new Evenkiness in the Evenki language revitalization: the case of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

This thesis is devoted to the awakened indigenous identity of the Evenki people and its role in the Evenki language revitalization in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. My personal experience of being an indigenous person in a multiethnic and multilingual society has become the main driving force for writing this thesis. I have personally experienced a rediscovery of my ethnic identity during the research process. Most indigenous languages in Russia are endangered; the Evenki language is not an exception. This study examines the reasons for the Evenki language shift and loss, the development of the Evenki ethnic identity in the USSR and Russia, and the role of the new Evenkiness in the Evenki language revival. Through ten semi-structured and unstructured interviews with representatives of three Evenki generations, the study examines their experiences of being Evenki in the multicultural state. The main finding of this thesis is the interconnection between what I call a new Evenki ethnic identity (new Evenkiness) and the willingness of the Evenki people to revitalize their mother tongue. Thus, the Evenki who feel the awakening of their indigenous ethnic identity feel the responsibility for their native language and its vitality. Among the factors which have informed the emergence of the new Evenkiness are interconnectedness and exchange of experiences with other indigenous peoples, participation in indigenous forums, conferences, and, last but not least, the formation of the new state of the Russian Federation