HAMBATAN KOMUNIKASI ANTAR BUDAYA PADA ASPEK RAS (Analisis Kritis pada Kasus Indonesia – TiongHoa)

AbstractThis writing aimed for describing cultural diversity in Indonesia where there is too much obstacle to deal with on the cross-cultural communications of domain. This writing tended to look for the obstacle happened between both Indonesia and Tionghoa on the framework of Cross-cultural Communications within the ethnics. Research methods used here is article analyzing based on documentation. The article shown on Kompas, Sunday, November 4th 2007 namely “ Claudine Salmon Menguak Sejarah Tionghoa”. The result of analysis would prove that Indonesian ethnocentrism is still in the state of persistent, thus Indonesian tends to feel better yet best of all. The most prominent factor on Cross-cultural communications among Indonesian and Chinese is that there is those much prejudice. This thing is able to be seen of the behaviour towards chinese, for some instances are they could not be civil servants or even indonesian army. Then it comes to an end of this research. The end of this research is Indonesian do consider that chinese have got much diversity within them to be particular within values and beliefs they usually do embrace, so that it emerges the obstacles in communicating well at the very context of personal, group, organization, or mass communications. (Latar belakang tulisan ini adalah keberagaman budaya di Indonesia yang sangat luas sehingga menimbulkan berbagai hambatan yang seringkali dijumpai dalam Komunikasi antar Budaya. Tujuan penulisan ingin melihat sejauhmana hambatan yang terjadi antara Indonesia dengan Tionghoa dalam kerangka Komunikasi Antar Budaya dalam aspek Ras. Metodologi penulisan menggunakan studi Dokumentasi dengan menganalisis artikel yang terdapat di Surat kabar Kompas Minggu 4 November 2007 pada hal 12 dengan judul ” Claudine Salmon Menguak Sejarah Indonesia Tionghoa”. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa etnocentrisme orang-orang Indonesia masih sangat kuat, sehingga orang-orang Indonesia ini cenderung merasa yang paling baik dan paling benar, Faktor yang paling menonjol dalam komunikasi antar budaya antara orang Indonesia dengan orang Tionghoa ini adalah adanya prasangka yang berlebihan. Hal ini  bisa dilihat dari sikap orang Indonesia yang tidak adil terhadap orang tionghoa, misalnya tidak bisa menjadi PNS atau TNI. Kesimpulan dari analisis artikel tersebut adalah orang-orang Indonesia menganggap bahwa orang tionghoa ini mempunyai banyak perbedaan terutama dalam hal nilai-nilai dan kepercayaan yang mereka anut, sehingga memunculkan hambatan dalam berkomunikasi baik dalam konteks antar pribadi, kelompok, organisasi atau komunikasi massa.) Key Words : Komunikasi Antar Budaya, Aspek Ras, Indonesia-Tiongho

Analisis Keterampilan Literasi Digital Siswa SMA melalui Penggunaan Google Lens pada Konsep Tumbuhan Berbasis Gender: (Analysis of Digital Literacy Skills among High School Students through the Use of Google Lens on Gender-Based Plant Concepts)

This study aims to analyze the digital literacy skills of high school students through the use of Google Lens on gender-based plant concepts. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a total sample of 27 students consisting of 11 male students and 16 female students who were randomly selected or purposive sampling and based on the results of the researcher's consideration. The treatment given in this study is learning biology on plant concepts by using Google Lens to analyze students' digital literacy skills. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, digital literacy skills in male students and female students on each indicator obtained a score with a good category. In the first indicator, internet searching male students and female students obtained 82% results with good categories, in indicator 2 hypertextual navigation male students obtained 79% results and female students 84% with good categories, in the 3rd indicator content evaluation male students obtained 81% results and female students 83% with results both categories good. The last indicator is that the knowledge assembly of male students obtained 84% results and female students 80% with good categories. It can be concluded that learning biology on plant concepts using Google lens is very helpful for students in constructing their own knowledge, in addition to being able to analyze digital literacy skills, it can also improve student learning outcomes. Key Words: Digital Literacy, Google Lens, Plant ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterampilan literasi digital Siswa SMA melalui penggunaan Google Lens pada konsep tumbuhan berbasis gender. Metode yang digunakan ialah deskriptif kualitatif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 27 siswa terdiri dari 11 siswa laki-laki dan 16 siswa perempuan yang dipilih secara acak atau purposive sampling dan didasarkan oleh hasil pertimbangan peneliti. Treatment yang diberikan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pembelajaran biologi pada konsep tumbuhan dengan menggunakan Google Lens untuk menganalisis keterampilan literasi digital siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, keterampilan literasi digital pada siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan pada masing-masing indikator memperoleh nilai dengan kategori baik. Pada indikator pertama, internet searching siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan memperoleh hasil 82% dengan kategori baik, pada indikator 2 hypertextual navigation siswa laki-laki memperoleh hasil 79% dan siswa perempuan 84% dengan kategori baik, pada indikator ke 3 content evaluation siswa laki-laki memperoleh hasil 81% dan siswa perempuan 83% dengan hasil keduanya berkategori baik. Indikator terakhir yaitu knowledge assembly siswa laki-laki memperoleh hasil 84% dan siswa perempuan 80% dengan kategori baik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran biologi pada konsep tumbuhan dengan menggunakan Google lens sangat membantu siswa dalam mengkontruksi pengetahuannya sendiri, selain dapat menganalisis keterampilan literasi digital, juga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Kata kunci: Literasi digital, Google lens, Tumbuha

The effect of plant growth regulators on optimization of tissue culture system in Malaysian upland rice

Mature seeds of four upland rice cultivars namely Kusan, Lamsan, Selasi and Siam were assessed for callus induction and plant regeneration on different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators, incorporated into MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal medium. Callus induction frequency was significantly different among the cultivars, as well as among the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) levels tested. All tested cultivars exhibited highest callus frequency at 2 mgl-1 2,4-D. The incorporation of -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (Kin) in the callus induction medium supplemented with 2 mgl-1 2,4-D did not significantly improve the callus induction frequency. After two subcultures, at 24 days interval, the best response to callus induction was from cultivar Selasi, while callus browning became prominent in cultivars Kusan and Siam. Embryogenic callus placed on different regeneration media exhibited the highest regeneration frequency on medium containing 0.5 mgl-1 NAA + 2.0 mgl-1 Kin + 2.0 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The maximum regeneration frequency was achieved in cultivar Selasi followed by Lamsan while Siam and Kusan exhibited poor regeneration response. Among the four upland rice cultivars evaluated, Selasi and Lamsan are two promising cultivars in terms of callus induction frequency and morphology, and regeneration ability of the embryogenic callus

Survei Kondisi Fisik Peserta Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Bolabasket Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Peraturan menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan republik indonesia nomor 62 tahun 2014 pasal 5 menyatakan bahwa sekolah diwajibkan melayani kegiatan diluar jam pelajaran berupa ekstrakurikuler. Pada SMPN 8 Malang telah menjalankan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, ekstrakurikuler yang banyak diminati siswa nyaitu ekstrakurikuler bolabasket. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengkaji dan memperoleh informasi kemampuan kondisi fisik pada unsur kelincahan gerak menggunakan tes T-tes, kecepatan gerak menggunakan lari 20 meter, dan daya ledak otot lengan menggunakan lempar bola medicine pada peserta kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Bolabasket di SMPN 8 Malang. Hasil Mengacu pada sajian analisis data koevisien variansi dapat dikemukakan bahwa pada kelomok putra unsusr kondisi fisik kecepatan gerak berupa tes lari 20 meter diperolek KV 7,86% berarti data menunjukkan concentred dan pada unsur daya ledak otot lengan diperoleh KV 15,98% berarti data menunjukkan beragam atau menyebar. Pada kelompok putri unsusr kondisi fisik kecepatan gerak berupa tes lari 20 meter diperolek KV 5,23% berarti data menunjukkan concentred dan pada unsur daya ledak otot lengan diperoleh KV 10,21% berarti data menunjukkan beragam atau menyebar

المحسنات البديعية في سورة التوبة (دراسة تحليلية في علم البلاغة )

Al-Quran Adalah kalam Allah yang yang diturunkan kepada nabi Muhammad, yang memiliki keistimewaan baik dari segi lafadz, susunan kalimat dan gaya bahasa yang indah. Bahasa yang dipergunakan dalam Al-Quran tidak dapat ditiru hal ini dikarenakan Al-Quran merupakan kalam yang sempurna. Keindahan dari segi lafadz dan makna yang terkandung dalam Al-Quran biasa diteliti menggunakan ilmu Balaghah. Ilmu Balaghah adalah ilmu yang mempelajari keberagaman makna yang jelas dengan perumpamaan yang benar, peneliti menjadikan salah satu surah dalam Al Quran yaitu surat At-Taubah sebagai objek kajiannya, dari sudut pandang ilmu badi’ yaitu tentang keindahan lafadz dan keindahan makna. Hail penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam surat At-Taubah terdapat 42 sajak, dan 22 thibaq dan 2 bentuk muqobalah, adapun bentukbentuk sajak terdapat 22 sajak muthorof dan 20 sajak mutawazzy adapun bentuk thibaq terdapat 19 thibaq ijabi dan 3 thibaq salbi

The 21st Century Paradigm in Supporting Sustainable Development

This book chapter was prepared with the theme "21st century paradigm in supporting sustainable development", with the aim of describing the efforts that have been made to support sustainable development from various fields, not only in the field of education. The material contained in this book chapter illustrates that literacy is very important to apply, so that students are able to face the challenges of a rapidly changing world that requires students to be able to solve every existing problem. In fact, it's not just literacy, but numeracy literacy is also one of the things that must be considered in the learning process. Considering the low level of scientific literacy, if not immediately addressed, it will have an impact on the low quality of human resources and will hinder the progress of science and technology in Indonesia. Literacy in schools is implemented through various learning components that must be designed or prepared by teachers. The application of scientific literacy in science learning should be carried out using scientific inquiry to foster the ability to think, work and behave scientifically and communicate it as an important aspect of life skills

The antibacterial properties of Malaysian tualang honey against wound and enteric microorganisms in comparison to manuka honey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is on the rise, thus the discovery of alternative therapeutic agents is urgently needed. Honey possesses therapeutic potential, including wound healing properties and antimicrobial activity. Although the antimicrobial activity of honey has been effectively established against an extensive spectrum of microorganisms, it differs depending on the type of honey. To date, no extensive studies of the antibacterial properties of tualang (<it>Koompassia excelsa</it>) honey on wound and enteric microorganisms have been conducted. The objectives of this study were to conduct such studies and to compare the antibacterial activity of tualang honey with that of manuka honey.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using a broth dilution method, the antibacterial activity of tualang honey against 13 wound and enteric microorganisms was determined; manuka honey was used as the control. Different concentrations of honey [6.25-25% (w/v)] were tested against each type of microorganism. Briefly, two-fold dilutions of honey solutions were tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against each type of microorganism, followed by more assays within a narrower dilution range to obtain more precise MIC values. MICs were determined by both visual inspection and spectrophotometric assay at 620 nm. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) also was determined by culturing on blood agar plates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By visual inspection, the MICs of tualang honey ranged from 8.75% to 25% compared to manuka honey (8.75-20%). Spectrophotometric readings of at least 95% inhibition yielded MIC values ranging between 10% and 25% for both types of honey. The lowest MBC for tualang honey was 20%, whereas that for manuka honey was 11.25% for the microorganisms tested. The lowest MIC value (8.75%) for both types of honey was against <it>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</it>. Tualang honey had a lower MIC (11.25%) against <it>Acinetobacter baumannii </it>compared to manuka honey (12.5%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Tualang honey exhibited variable activities against different microorganisms, but they were within the same range as those for manuka honey. This result suggests that tualang honey could potentially be used as an alternative therapeutic agent against certain microorganisms, particularly <it>A. baumannii </it>and <it>S. maltophilia</it>.</p

Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical assessment of malnutrition in Malaysian patients with advanced cirrhosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is limited data on the nutritional status of Asian patients with various aetiologies of cirrhosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and to compare nutritional differences between various aetiologies.</p> <p>Methodology</p> <p>A cross-sectional study of adult patients with decompensated cirrhosis was conducted. Nutritional status was assessed using standard anthropometry, serum visceral proteins and subjective global assessment (SGA).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Thirty six patients (mean age 59.8 ± 12.8 years; 66.7% males; 41.6% viral hepatitis; Child-Pugh C 55.6%) with decompensated cirrhosis were recruited. Malnutrition was prevalent in 18 (50%) patients and the mean caloric intake was low at 15.2 kcal/kg/day. SGA grade C, as compared to SGA grade B, demonstrated significantly lower anthropometric values in males (BMI 18.1 ± 1.6 vs 26.3 ± 3.5 kg/m2, p < 0.0001; MAMC 19.4 ± 1.5 vs 24.5 ± 3.6 cm, p = 0.002) and females (BMI 19.4 ± 2.7 vs 28.9 ± 4.3, p = 0.001; MAMC 18.0 ± 0.9 vs 28.1 ± 3.6, p < 0.0001), but not with visceral proteins. The SGA demonstrated a trend towards more malnutrition in Child-Pugh C compared to Child-Pugh B liver cirrhosis (40% grade C vs 25% grade C, p = 0.48). Alcoholic cirrhosis had a higher proportion of SGA grade C (41.7%) compared to viral (26.7%) and cryptogenic (28.6%) cirrhosis, but this was not statistically significant.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Significant malnutrition in Malaysian patients with advanced cirrhosis is common. Alcoholic cirrhosis may have more malnutrition compared to other aetiologies of cirrhosis.</p

High catechin concentrations detected in Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) by high performance liquid chromatography analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Withania somnifera </it>is an important medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of many diseases. The present study was carried out to characterize the phenolic acids, flavonoids and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activities in methanolic extracts of <it>W. somnifera </it>fruits, roots and leaves (WSFEt, WSREt and WSLEt).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>WSFEt, WSREt and WSLEt was prepared by using 80% aqueous methanol and total polyphenols, flavonoids as well as DPPH radical scavenging activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods and phenolic acid profiles were determined by HPLC methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>High concentrations of both phenolics and flavonoids were detected in all parts of the plant with the former ranging between 17.80 ± 5.80 and 32.58 ± 3.16 mg/g (dry weight) and the latter ranging between 15.49 ± 1.02 and 31.58 ± 5.07 mg/g. All of the three different plant parts showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activities (59.16 ± 1.20 to 91.84 ± 0.38%). Eight polyphenols (gallic, syringic, benzoic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids as well as catechin, kaempferol and naringenin) have been identified by HPLC in parts of the plant as well. Among all the polyphenols, catechin was detected in the highest concentration (13.01 ± 8.93 to 30.61 ± 11.41 mg/g).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results indicating that <it>W. somnifera </it>is a plant with strong therapeutic properties thus further supporting its traditional claims. All major parts of <it>W. somnifera </it>such as the roots, fruits and leaves provide potential benefits for human health because of its high content of polyphenols and antioxidant activities with the leaves containing the highest amounts of polyphenols specially catechin with strong antioxidant properties.</p

Plasmodium knowlesi: Reservoir Hosts and Tracking the Emergence in Humans and Macaques

Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite originally thought to be restricted to macaques in Southeast Asia, has recently been recognized as a significant cause of human malaria. Unlike the benign and morphologically similar P. malariae, these parasites can lead to fatal infections. Malaria parasites, including P. knowlesi, have not yet been detected in macaques of the Kapit Division of Malaysian Borneo, where the majority of human knowlesi malaria cases have been reported. In order to extend our understanding of the epidemiology and evolutionary history of P. knowlesi, we examined 108 wild macaques for malaria parasites and sequenced the circumsporozoite protein (csp) gene and mitochondrial (mt) DNA of P. knowlesi isolates derived from macaques and humans. We detected five species of Plasmodium (P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. cynomolgi, P. fieldi and P. coatneyi) in the long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques, and an extremely high prevalence of P. inui and P. knowlesi. Macaques had a higher number of P. knowlesi genotypes per infection than humans, and some diverse alleles of the P. knowlesi csp gene and certain mtDNA haplotypes were shared between both hosts. Analyses of DNA sequence data indicate that there are no mtDNA lineages associated exclusively with either host. Furthermore, our analyses of the mtDNA data reveal that P. knowlesi is derived from an ancestral parasite population that existed prior to human settlement in Southeast Asia, and underwent significant population expansion approximately 30,000–40,000 years ago. Our results indicate that human infections with P. knowlesi are not newly emergent in Southeast Asia and that knowlesi malaria is primarily a zoonosis with wild macaques as the reservoir hosts. However, ongoing ecological changes resulting from deforestation, with an associated increase in the human population, could enable this pathogenic species of Plasmodium to switch to humans as the preferred host