Pengaruh Jamur Entomopatogen Rhizosfer Pertanaman terhadap Mortalitas Serangga Umpan Omphisa fuscidentalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) di Laboratorium

Nunilahwati H, Purwanti Y, Nisfuriah L, Sinatra F.  2019. Effect of entomopathogenic fungi from the rhizosphere of plants on the mortality of insect bait omphisa fuscidentalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in laboratory. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 2019, Palembang  4-5 September 2019. pp. 246-253. Palembang: Unsri Press. Entomopathogenic fungi are organisms that live as insect parasites and are used in environmentally friendly biological control in an effort to reduce the use of synthetic insecticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plant rhizosphere entomopathogenic fungi on O. fuscidentalis insect bait mortality in the laboratory. The results of the study can provide information about O. fuscidentalis insect larvae which can be used as bait entomopathogenic fungi for insects. Soil samples used to trap entomopathogenic fungi were taken by purposive sampling from the long bean crop rhizosphere in the Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. Fungi that infect bait insects are cultured in PDA media, incubated for 7 days and then identified. Mortality of bait insect larvae was observed at intervals of 3 days namely 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after larval infestation in soil samples. The results showed the highest average mortality was on observation day 9 of 56% and lowest 0% on observation day 3. Entomopathogenic fungi that infect larvae of O. fuscidentalis bait insects were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium sp. O. fuscidentalis insect larvae can be used as bait insects for entomopathogenic fungi from rhizosphere of plants in the laboratory.Keywords: biological control, mortality, Omphisa fuscidentalis,  rizospher

Proposal of a non-linear model to adjust in vitro gas production at different incubation times

This work aims to propose a new model named Gompertz-Von Bertalanffy bicompartmental (GVB), a combination of the models Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy. The GVB models is applied to fit the kinetic curve of cumulative gas production (CGP) of four foods (SS – sunflower silage; CS – corn silage; and the mixtures 340SS – 660 gkg-1 of corn silage and 340 gkg-1 of sunflower silage; and 660SS – 340 gkg-1 of corn silage and 660 gkg-1 of sunflower silage). The GVB fit is compared to models Logistic-Von Bertalanffy bicompartmental (LVB) and bicompartmental logistic (BL). All the process studied employed the semi-automatic “in vitro” technique of producing gases used in ruminant nutrition. The gas production readout was performed at times 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 48, 72, and 96 h. The data generated were used to estimate the models’ parameters by the least squared method with the iterative Gauss-Newton process. The data fit quality of the models was verified using the adjusted coefficient of determination criterion (), mean residual square (MRS), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and mean absolute deviation (MAD). Among the analyzed models, the LVB model presented the best quality of fit evaluators for CS. In contrast, the GVB model showed better quality of fit to describe CGP over time for 340SS, 660SS, and SS, presenting the highest values of () and the lowest values of MSR, AIC, and MAD

PNPLA3 Genotype, Arachidonic Acid Intake, and Unsaturated Fat Intake Influences Liver Fibrosis in Hispanic Youth with Obesity

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease impacts 15.2% of Hispanic adolescents and can progress to a build-up of scared tissue called liver fibrosis. If diagnosed early, liver fibrosis may be reversible, so it is necessary to understand risk factors. The aims of this study in 59 Hispanic adolescents with obesity were to: (1) identify potential biological predictors of liver fibrosis and dietary components that influence liver fibrosis, and (2) determine if the association between dietary components and liver fibrosis differs by PNPLA3 genotype, which is highly prevalent in Hispanic adolescents and associated with elevated liver fat. We examined liver fat and fibrosis, genotyped for PNPLA3 gene, and assessed diet via 24-h diet recalls. The prevalence of increased fibrosis was 20.9% greater in males, whereas participants with the GG genotype showed 23.7% greater prevalence. Arachidonic acid was associated with liver fibrosis after accounting for sex, genotype, and liver fat (&beta; = 0.072, p = 0.033). Intakes of several dietary types of unsaturated fat have different associations with liver fibrosis by PNPLA3 genotype after accounting for sex, caloric intake, and liver fat. These included monounsaturated fat (&beta;CC/CG = -0.0007, &beta;GG = 0.03, p-value = 0.004), polyunsaturated fat (&beta;CC/CG = -0.01, &beta;GG = 0.02, p-value = 0.01), and omega-6 (&beta;CC/CG = -0.0102, &beta;GG = 0.028, p-value = 0.01). Results from this study suggest that reduction of arachidonic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake might be important for the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression, especially among those with PNPLA3 risk alleles. &nbsp;</p

Propostas de modelos não lineares para ajuste da produção de gases in vitro em diferentes tempos de incubação em genótipos de mandioca

The present study aimed to propose new two-compartment models from the combination of the Gompertz, Logistic and Von Bertalanffy models and to identify between Gompertz and Logistic models, in their uni and two-compartiment versions, the one that presents the highest quality of fit to cumulative gas production curves of five cassava genotypes: Brasília, Engana Ladrão, Dourada, Gema de Ovo e Amansa Burro. The gas production readings were 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 24, 28, 32, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the start of the in vitro fermentation process. The estimation of the parameters for the models was made by the least squares method through the Gauss-Newton iterative process. The selection of the best model to describe the gas accumulation was based on the adjusted coefficient of determination, residual mean squares, mean absolute deviation, Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. Among the adjusted models, the proposed models were the best to describe the accumulation of gases over time according to the methodology and conditions under which this study was developed.O presente estudo teve por objetivo, propor novos modelos bicompartimentais a partir da combinação do modelo Gompertz, Logístico e Von Bertalanffy e identificar entre modelos Gompertz e logístico, em suas versões uni e bicompartimental, além dos propostos, aquele que apresenta maior qualidade de ajuste às curvas de produção cumulativa de gases de cinco genótipos de mandioca: Brasília, Engana Ladrão, Dourada, Gema de Ovo e Amansa Burro. Os horários de leituras da produção de gases foram de 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 24, 28, 32, 48, 72, e 96 horas, após o início do processo de fermentação in vitro. A estimação dos parâmetros para os modelos foi feita pelo método de mínimos quadrados por meio do processo iterativo de Gauss-Newton. A seleção do melhor modelo, para descrever o acumulo de gases, teve como base, o coeficiente de determinação ajustado, quadrado médio do resíduo, desvio médio absoluto, critério de informação de Akaike e critério de informação de Bayesiano. Dentre os modelos ajustados os modelos propostos apresentaram-se como os melhores para descrever o acumulo de gases ao longo do tempo de acordo com a metodologia e condições em que foi desenvolvido o presente estudo

Discounting of Evolutionary Explanations in Sociology Textbooks and Curricula

Despite being internally fragmented by clashes of paradigms, sociology textbooks and introductory courses show a remarkable similarity in their content, while they share a peculiar neglect of small scale societies, non-human social relations, as well as evolutionary explanations. The mistreatment is explained by the strong position of sociology in the nature vs. nurture debate, by paradigmatic and ideologically motivated condemnations, by the later misuse of Social Darwinism, by certain unresolved issues of evolutionary explanations of human sociality, and by epistemological critiques of evolutionary explanations. The current study assesses the extent of this avoidance in sociology by three methods: a review of major sociology textbooks, a descriptive quantitative text analysis of introductory course outlines at top ranked universities, and a keyword search in the all-time most emblematic classical books in sociology. In reaction to this mistreatment, the benefits of synthesis of sociological explanations with evolutionary thinking are discussed

Follow the Fold

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Adelaide

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Mistletoe And Holly

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Goodnight, Irene

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