164 research outputs found

    Doing gender am Beispiel der kroatischen Anzeigenwerbung

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    Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, sich mit der Theorie des doing gender-Ansatzes in der praktischen Anwendung auseinanderzusetzen. DafĂŒr wurde der Bereich der Anzeigenwerbungen gewĂ€hlt und ein weiterer Fokus auf die kulturellen Gegebenheiten des kroatischen Kulturraumes gelegt. ZunĂ€chst wurde im theoretischen Teil erarbeitet, worauf der doing gender-Ansatz basiert und wie Geschlecht in situativen Sequenzen konstruiert wird. Es geht dabei um die Gestaltung und Inszenierung des sozialen Geschlechts unter Bezugnahme auf kulturell bedingte Erwartungen und Gegebenheiten wie z.B. Kleidung, Sprache, Stil, Verhalten. Und es wurde verdeutlicht, dass der Einsatz von Geschlechtsstereotypen eine sehr große Bedeutung fĂŒr die Werbewelt hat, weil diese eine schnelle und spezifische Rezeption von Werbebotschaften erlauben. Anschließend daran galt es, herauszuarbeiten, worin eigentlich die kulturellen Besonderheiten des kroatischen Kulturraumes in Bezug auf die GeschlechterverhĂ€ltnisse und –darstellung bestehen. DiesbezĂŒglich wurde festgestellt, dass die GeschlechterverhĂ€ltnisse von einer Dichotomie geprĂ€gt sind, da nĂ€mlich einerseits die Gesellschaft stark an traditionellen, patriarchalischen Werten orientiert ist, aber andererseits auch moderne Tendenzen Einfluss nehmen. Insbesondere trat der Gegensatz zwischen der normativen Situation und der realen Praxis in Bezug auf die GeschlechterverhĂ€ltnisse hervor, da nĂ€mlich eine Gleichberechtigung von Mann und Frau zwar gesetzlich festgelegt ist, aber die Geschlechterrollen in der RealitĂ€t immer noch stark traditionalistisch geprĂ€gt sind. Im nĂ€chsten Abschnitt der Arbeit wurde eine Methodik zur Analyse von Werbeanzeigen erarbeitet. Fokussiert wurde dabei eine semiotische Herangehensweise, die insbesondere den Bezug von Bild und Text berĂŒcksichtigt. Nichtsdestotrotz wurden auch andere methodische Konzepte (soziologische Analyse, Nutzen- und Belohnungsansatz) vorgestellt, die bei der Analyse komplementĂ€r zum Einsatz kamen. Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit wurden sodann vier Anzeigen exemplarisch und detailliert anhand der beschriebenen Methodik analysiert. Es wurde gezeigt, wie die Zeichensysteme Text und Bild zusammenspielen und wie auf verschiedenen Ebenen traditionelle und moderne Tendenzen zusammenwirken. Den Abschluss stellte eine Diskussion der Ergebnisse dar

    SoK: Security of Microservice Applications: A Practitioners' Perspective on Challenges and Best Practices

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    Cloud-based application deployment is becoming increasingly popular among businesses, thanks to the emergence of microservices. However, securing such architectures is a challenging task since traditional security concepts cannot be directly applied to microservice architectures due to their distributed nature. The situation is exacerbated by the scattered nature of guidelines and best practices advocated by practitioners and organizations in this field. This research paper we aim to shay light over the current microservice security discussions hidden within Grey Literature (GL) sources. Particularly, we identify the challenges that arise when securing microservice architectures, as well as solutions recommended by practitioners to address these issues. For this, we conducted a systematic GL study on the challenges and best practices of microservice security present in the Internet with the goal of capturing relevant discussions in blogs, white papers, and standards. We collected 312 GL sources from which 57 were rigorously classified and analyzed. This analysis on the one hand validated past academic literature studies in the area of microservice security, but it also identified improvements to existing methodologies pointing towards future research directions.Comment: Accepted at the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2022

    Clinical use of lithium salts: guide for users and prescribers

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    Lithium has been used clinically for 70 years, mainly to treat bipolar disorder. Competing treatments and exaggerated impressions about complexity and risks of lithium treatment have led to its declining use in some countries, encouraging this update about its safe clinical use. We conducted a nonsystematic review of recent research reports and developed consensus among international experts on the use of lithium to treat major mood disorders, aiming for a simple but authoritative guide for patients and prescribers

    Influence of birth cohort on age of onset cluster analysis in bipolar I disorder

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    PURPOSE: Two common approaches to identify subgroups of patients with bipolar disorder are clustering methodology (mixture analysis) based on the age of onset, and a birth cohort analysis. This study investigates if a birth cohort effect will influence the results of clustering on the age of onset, using a large, international database. METHODS: The database includes 4037 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, previously collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to adjust the data for country median age, and in some models, birth cohort. Model-based clustering (mixture analysis) was then performed on the age of onset data using the residuals. Clinical variables in subgroups were compared. RESULTS: There was a strong birth cohort effect. Without adjusting for the birth cohort, three subgroups were found by clustering. After adjusting for the birth cohort or when considering only those born after 1959, two subgroups were found. With results of either two or three subgroups, the youngest subgroup was more likely to have a family history of mood disorders and a first episode with depressed polarity. However, without adjusting for birth cohort (three subgroups), family history and polarity of the first episode could not be distinguished between the middle and oldest subgroups. CONCLUSION: These results using international data confirm prior findings using single country data, that there are subgroups of bipolar I disorder based on the age of onset, and that there is a birth cohort effect. Including the birth cohort adjustment altered the number and characteristics of subgroups detected when clustering by age of onset. Further investigation is needed to determine if combining both approaches will identify subgroups that are more useful for research

    Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression Polygenic Scores with Lithium Response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics Study

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    Response to lithium varies widely between individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can uncover pharmacogenomics effects and may help predict drug response. Patients (N = 2,510) with BD were assessed for long-term lithium response in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics using the Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder score. PRSs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) were computed using lassosum and in a model including all three PRSs and other covariates, and the PRS of ADHD (ÎČ = −0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.24 to −0.03; p value = 0.010) and MDD (ÎČ = −0.16; 95% CI: −0.27 to −0.04; p value = 0.005) predicted worse quantitative lithium response. A higher SCZ PRS was associated with higher rates of medication nonadherence (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.34–1.93; p value = 2e−7). This study indicates that genetic risk for ADHD and depression may influence lithium treatment response. Interestingly, a higher SCZ PRS was associated with poor adherence, which can negatively impact treatment response. Incorporating genetic risk of ADHD, depression, and SCZ in combination with clinical risk may lead to better clinical care for patients with BD

    Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

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    In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p <0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.Peer reviewe

    Exploring the genetics of lithium response in bipolar disorders

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    Background: Lithium (Li) remains the treatment of choice for bipolar disorders (BP). Its mood-stabilizing effects help reduce the long-term burden of mania, depression and suicide risk in patients with BP. It also has been shown to have beneficial effects on disease-associated conditions, including sleep and cardiovascular disorders. However, the individual responses to Li treatment vary within and between diagnostic subtypes of BP (e.g. BP-I and BP-II) according to the clinical presentation. Moreover, long-term Li treatment has been linked to adverse side-effects that are a cause of concern and non-adherence, including the risk of developing chronic medical conditions such as thyroid and renal disease. In recent years, studies by the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) have uncovered a number of genetic factors that contribute to the variability in Li treatment response in patients with BP. Here, we leveraged the ConLiGen cohort (N = 2064) to investigate the genetic basis of Li effects in BP. For this, we studied how Li response and linked genes associate with the psychiatric symptoms and polygenic load for medical comorbidities, placing particular emphasis on identifying differences between BP-I and BP-II. Results: We found that clinical response to Li treatment, measured with the Alda scale, was associated with a diminished burden of mania, depression, substance and alcohol abuse, psychosis and suicidal ideation in patients with BP-I and, in patients with BP-II, of depression only. Our genetic analyses showed that a stronger clinical response to Li was modestly related to lower polygenic load for diabetes and hypertension in BP-I but not BP-II. Moreover, our results suggested that a number of genes that have been previously linked to Li response variability in BP differentially relate to the psychiatric symptomatology, particularly to the numbers of manic and depressive episodes, and to the polygenic load for comorbid conditions, including diabetes, hypertension and hypothyroidism. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggest that the effects of Li on symptomatology and comorbidity in BP are partially modulated by common genetic factors, with differential effects between BP-I and BP-II
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