Traducción de la obra Blomsterdalen de Niviaq Korneliussen: Análisis de la salud mental de los jóvenes groenlandeses

El TFG se fundamenta en un estudio de la situación actual en Groenlandia, respecto a la salud mental y la tasa de suicidios. Asimismo, también consiste en una propuesta de traducción del danés al español de fragmentos de la obra “Blomsterdalen” de la autora groenlandesa Niviaq Korneliussen. A partir de dicho estudio y traducción, se establece la relación entre la obra y el contexto social actual del país nórdico. Los objetivos de la investigación han sido los siguientes: • Dar visibilidad a la situación que sufre la sociedad groenlandesa con la salud mental, y a la alta tasa de suicidios. • Traducir los fragmentos claves de la novela. • Realizar un proceso traductológico correcto, completo y adaptado a la obra. • Resaltar la importancia de un buen análisis pretraslativo y traductológico. • Relacionar esta obra de literatura social con la actualidad de Groenlandia, y establecer paralelismos directos entre la “ficción” y la realidad de muchos. Para lograr estos objetivos, en primer lugar se ha contextualizado la novela, así como a su autora y a los personajes más importantes de la obra. En segundo lugar, se expone la metodología usada a lo largo del proyecto. En tercer lugar, se expone la traducción con el correspondiente análisis traductológico, utilizando la Teoría del Escopo y el manual Texto-Base de Christiane Nord, en el cual se han explicado y justificado las técnicas de traducción usadas a lo largo del proceso, exponiéndo ejemplos claros de los fragmentos relacionándolos con las técnicas usadas, y con su nivel correspondiente. Finalmente, dentro del mismo apartado se han establecido los paralelismos entre la obra de “ficción”, y la realidad de su contexto social actual. Por último, se han dado las conclusiones de la investigación y traducción realizada en este proyecto, así como la valoración general del proceso realizado de principio a fin.Universidad de Granada. Grado en Traducción e Interpretación. Curso académico 2022/202

INCIDENCIA DEL MALTRATO FÍSICO Y PSICOLÓGICO INFANTIL EN EL RENDIMIENTO DE LOS/LAS ESTUDIANTES/AS

Los/as maestros/as y padres de familia directa o indirectamente cometemos acciones de maltrato infantil, en cualquiera de sus vertientes. Esto nos motivó a realizar un trabajo investigativo con el fin de determinar si el maltrato físico y el psicológico en niños/as de edad escolar influía en el rendimiento académico de ellos/as. Luego del análisis estadístico desarrollado en los experimentos, se llegó a la conclusión de que el maltrato físico no influye en el rendimiento escolar de los infantes, no así con el maltrato psicológico que si tiene influencia en las notas de los estudiantes. En consecuencia es importante que se realicen acciones dirigidas a padres, alumnos/as y maestros/as para que tomen conciencia de la necesidad de eliminar de raíz el maltrato infantil en el ámbito familiar y escolar

Fungal and Bacterial Biodeterioration of Outdoor Canvas Paintings: The Case of the Cloisters of Quito, Ecuador

The historic center of Quito, Ecuador, was one of the first World Cultural Heritage Sites declared by UNE-ISCO in 1978. here are numerous religious buildings built during the Spanish colonial period reflecting the cultural her- itage in this area. Between them, the cloisters of San Francisco, Santo Domingo, and Santa Clara should be highlighted. The specific problems of conservation of the outdoor canvas paintings are not well known at the moment. The objective of this paper is to achieve a conservation study of the canvas paintings exhibited in these three cloisters of the historic center of Quito in order to identify the microbial agents and the main bioclimatic parameters of deterioration. For this, a study of the state of conservation of five canvas paintings has been carried out, as well as a sampling and identification of the main microorganisms present on the obverse and reverse of the works, employing diverse techniques, traditional and biomolecular ones. An analysis of climatic conditions has also been achieved in the cloister of San Francisco. The results of the study indicate that the exhibition conditions in the cloisters are really problematic for the conservation of paintings. Important biodeteriorating agents have been isolated, including fungi and bacteria species belonging, among others, to the genera Bacillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, and Aspergillus. We have also researched its relationship with the deterioration state of the artworks and the exhibi ion conditions in each case, proposing guidelines for the proper conservation of this important World Cultural Heritage

Instruments for assessing the risk of falls in acute hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Falls are a serious problem for hospitalized patients, reducing the duration and quality of life. It is estimated that over 84% of all adverse events in hospitalized patients are related to falls. Some fall risk assessment tools have been developed and tested in environments other than those for which they were developed with serious validity discrepancies. The aim of this review is to determine the accuracy of instruments for detecting fall risk and predicting falls in acute hospitalized patients. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Main databases, related websites and grey literature were searched. Two blinded reviewers evaluated title and abstracts of the selected articles and, if they met inclusion criteria, methodological quality was assessed in a new blinded process. Meta-analyses of diagnostic ORs (DOR) and likelihood (LH) coefficients were performed with the random effects method. Forest plots were calculated for sensitivity and specificity, DOR and LH. Additionally, summary ROC (SROC) curves were calculated for every analysis. Results Fourteen studies were selected for the review. The meta-analysis was performed with the Morse (MFS), STRATIFY and Hendrich II Fall Risk Model scales. The STRATIFY tool provided greater diagnostic validity, with a DOR value of 7.64 (4.86 - 12.00). A meta-regression was performed to assess the effect of average patient age over 65 years and the performance or otherwise of risk reassessments during the patient’s stay. The reassessment showed a significant reduction in the DOR on the MFS (rDOR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64 - 0.89, p = 0.017). Conclusions The STRATIFY scale was found to be the best tool for assessing the risk of falls by hospitalized acutely-ill adults. However, the behaviour of these instruments varies considerably depending on the population and the environment, and so their operation should be tested prior to implementation. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of the reassessment of these instruments with respect to hospitalized adult patients, and to consider the real compliance by healthcare personnel with procedures related to patient safety, and in particular concerning the prevention of falls

La relación entre la comprensión de oraciones y la memoria de trabajo en niños con trastorno específico del lenguaje y en niños con desarrollo típico

105 p.Estudios previos indican que los niños con trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL) exhiben dificultades en la comprensión sintáctica, lo cual es más evidente en oraciones complejas como las pasivas y en aquellas que incluyen subordinadas. Por otro lado, presentan dificultades en diversas tareas de memoria,especialmente en aquellas que miden la capacidad de la memoria de trabajo. Respecto a la relación entre ambas variables, la evidencia no es tan clara. El propósito del presente trabajo es obtener más evidencia sobre los temas anteriores. Para ello, se trabajó con un grupo de 28 niños con TEL (con edades que van entre los 7 y 7 años 11 meses) y dos grupos controles, el primero pareado por edad cronológica y el segundo por edad lingüística. A los tres grupos se les aplicó una serie de tareas de memoria de corto plazo (i.e., repetición de dígitos) y de capacidad de memoria de trabajo (MT) (i.e., repetición de dígitos en inversa), así como también una tarea de comprensión de oraciones mediante emparejamiento oración hablada / dibujo. De acuerdo con los resultados, los niños con TEL presentan un desempeño inferior a los dos grupos control en las tareas de memoria de modalidad verbal. El desempeño en la tarea de memoria visual fue similar. En relación con la comprensión de oraciones, los niños con TEL tuvieron un desempeño inferior a los niños de igual edad cronológica, y un desempeño similar a los niños de igual edad lingüística, especialmente en oraciones más complejas como las pasivas, subordinadas de relativo de sujeto y dislocación del objeto a la izquierda. Respecto a la relación entre ambas variables, no se encontró correlación entre la memoria y la comprensión de oraciones en los niños con TEL. Sin embargo, se evidenció una tendencia a que estas dos variables se correlacionaran. Se discuten estos resultados a la luz de la evidencia previa en la literatura y se cometan sus implicancias hacia la intervención. Palabras claves: trastorno específico del lenguaje, comprensión de oraciones, memoria./ABSTRACT:Previous work reveals that children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) have deficits in sentence comprehension. These deficits are more evident in complex sentences, like passives and those that include relative clauses. Besides, these children perform more poorly in many memory tasks, such as in dual working memory tasks that measure storage capacity and processing at the same time. However, the evidence regarding the relationship between sentence comprehension and memory remains inconclusive in these children. The aim of this work is to gain more evidence on sentence comprehension and memory skills in children with SLI. A total of 28 children with SLI (with ages ranging between 7 and 7 years 11 months), and two control groups, the first matched by chronological age and the second by linguistic age. A number of short-term memory (i.e., digit repetition), and dual working memory tasks (i.e., listening span task) were applied the three groups. Results reveal that children with SLI perform more poorly than controls children in all measures of verbal memory. The performance in visual memory task was similar. In connection with sentence comprehension, children with SLI underperformed the same chronological age children, and a similar performance to the same linguistic children age, especially in more complex sentences: passive, subordinate subject relative and dislocation object left. Regarding the relationship between the two variables, no correlation was found between memory and sentence comprehension in children with SLI. However, a tendency for these two variables correlate evidenced. These results are discussed in light of previous evidence in the literature and their implications are committed to intervention. Key terms: Specific Language Impairment, sentence comprehension, memor

Diastolic dysfunction following anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: incidence and predictors

[Abstract] INTRODUCTION: Cardiotoxicity represents a major limitation for the use of anthracyclines or trastuzumab in breast cancer patients. Data from longitudinal studies of diastolic dysfunction (DD) in this group of patients are scarce. The objective of the present study was to assess the incidence, evolution, and predictors of DD in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines. METHODS: This analytical, observational cohort study comprised 100 consecutive patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy (CHT) for breast cancer. All patients underwent clinical evaluation, echocardiogram, and measurement of cardiac biomarkers at baseline, end of anthracycline-based CHT, and at 3 months and 9 months after anthracycline-based CHT was completed. Fifteen patients receiving trastuzumab were followed with two additional visits at 6 and 12 months after the last dose of anthracycline-based CHT. A multivariate analysis was performed to find variables related to the development of DD. Fifteen of the 100 patients had baseline DD and were excluded from this analysis. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up (median: 12 months, interquartile range: 11.1-12.8), 49 patients (57.6%) developed DD. DD was persistent in 36 (73%) but reversible in the remaining 13 patients (27%). Four patients developed cardiotoxicity (three patients had left ventricular systolic dysfunction and one suffered a sudden cardiac death). None of the patients with normal diastolic function developed systolic dysfunction during follow-up. In the logistic regression model, body mass index (BMI) and age were independently related to the development of DD, with the following odds ratio values: BMI: 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.36), and age: 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03-1.19). Neither cardiac biomarkers nor remaining clinical variables were predictors of DD. CONCLUSION: Development of diastolic dysfunction after treatment with anthracycline or anthracycline- plus trastuzumab chemotherapy is common. BMI and age were independently associated with DD following anthracycline chemotherapy.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; RD06/0014/002Instituto de Salud Carlos III; RD12/0042/006

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Protect against Oxidant Injury and Interfere with Oxidative Mediated Kinase Signaling in Human-Derived Hepatocytes

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) possess powerful antioxidant properties, thus emerging as a potential therapeutic tool in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, which is characterized by a high presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to elucidate whether CeO2NPs can prevent or attenuate oxidant injury in the hepatic human cell line HepG2 and to investigate the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. The effect of CeO2NPs on cell viability and ROS scavenging was determined, the differential expression of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress-related genes was analyzed, and a proteomic analysis was performed to assess the impact of CeO2NPs on cell phosphorylation in human hepatic cells under oxidative stress conditions. CeO2NPs did not modify HepG2 cell viability in basal conditions but reduced H2O2- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell death and prevented H2O2-induced overexpression of MPO, PTGS1 and iNOS. Phosphoproteomic analysis showed that CeO2NPs reverted the H2O2-mediated increase in the phosphorylation of peptides related to cellular proliferation, stress response, and gene transcription regulation, and interfered with H2O2 effects on mTOR, MAPK/ERK, CK2A1 and PKACA signaling pathways. In conclusion, CeO2NPs protect HepG2 cells from cell-induced oxidative damage, reducing ROS generation and inflammatory gene expression as well as regulation of kinase-driven cell survival pathways

Tutorial action in the EHEA at the Faculty of Pharmacy of US: 4 years of experience of a student mentoring program

La Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Sevilla (US) tiene en marcha un Programa de Alumnos Tutores desde 2006/07 con el objetivo de que alumnos de cursos superiores (AATT) tutelen a alumnos de nuevo ingreso (1x3). Pretende generar una actitud responsable en los AATT y favorecerles el desarrollo de habilidades sociales, objetivos cualitativos dentro de la educación universitaria que sirven como preparación previa a su inserción en el mundo laboral. La actividad es supervisada por Profesores Tutores (1x3) que analizan la evolución de ambos grupos de alumnos. Es una supervisión activa a través de distintas vías de acción para ayudar a la consecución de objetivos, tales como entrevistas periódicas, revisión de informes, acciones de apoyo como charlas sobre técnicas de estudio, coloquios sobre salidas laborales, exposiciones de las experiencias personales de algunos alumnos recientemente egresados, gestión estratégica de búsqueda de empleo, elaboración de portafolios,… Con respecto a la evolución del programa, el número de profesores ha crecido moderadamente llegando a una situación estable, mientras que el número de alumnos, tanto tutores como tutelados, ha crecido en un ritmo constante acorde a las restricciones indicadas. Los resultados son muy positivos, entendiéndose que el proyecto se enmarca en un contexto más cualitativo que cuantitativo y que el principal objetivo es el robustecimiento de la experiencia y asentar una dinámica de apoyo hacia los alumnos de nuevo ingreso y de planificación de tareas, tutela y responsabilidad en general de los alumnos tutores.The Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Seville (US) has developed a Student Mentoring Program (from 2006/07 - present). The main objective of this project is that senior students act as Mentor Students for students at their first year in the University (1x3). It aims to generate a responsible attitude in mentor students and to promote the development of social skills, qualitative goals within higher education that serve as preparation prior to their integration into the world of work. This activity is supervised by Mentor Professors (1x3) that analyze the evolution of both groups of students. It is an active monitoring through various actions such as regular interviews, review of reports, support operations such as lectures on study skills, seminars on job opportunities, statements of personal experiences of some recently graduated students, strategic management job search, portfolio development... With regard to the development of the program, the number of Mentor Professors has grown moderately, reaching a stable condition, while the number of students, both tutor and supervised, has grown steadily in line with the restrictions indicated. The results are very positive, considering the more qualitative than quantitative character of the project and that the main objectives are the strengthening of the experience and the establishment of a dynamic support to the new students and scheduling and general responsibility for mentor students

¿Qué pensamos del agua? Percepción de la población sobre la situación actual del recurso hídrico en Costa Rica: un indicador sobre el conocimiento y la gestión del agua

The objective of this research was to determine the level of knowledge and perception of the Costa Rican population about water for human consumption, general concepts, the impact of human activities, the occurrence of extreme events and water management and governance. In 2016, a quantitative-descriptive study of population perception was carried out through a semi-structured survey in which 800 people were consulted, through calls to landlines. It was found that the Costa Ricans: a) perceived that water is a public good and that there is greater availability of water than there is in reality, b) 22 % indicated having supply problems, infrastructure and/or water quality, c) are aware of the contamination of water bodies and willing to pay more for the treatment of wastewater, d) perceived a negative impact due to floods and landslides and, e) 55 % agreed that water for consumption comes from wells and springs, but only 12 % and 36 % had a general notion of what an aquifer and groundwater is, respectively. It is concluded that education programs should include general concepts on groundwater, water management and governance and that the willingness to pay more for wastewater treatment should be taken into consideration by the institutions for the improvement of environmental sanitation.El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el nivel del conocimiento y percepción de la población costarricense acerca del agua para consumo humano, conceptos generales, el impacto de las actividades humanas, la ocurrencia de los eventos extremos y gestión y gobernanza del agua. En el 2016, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo- descriptivo de percepción de población por medio de una encuesta semi estructurada dirigida a 800 personas, a través de llamadas a teléfonos fijos.  Se encontró que los costarricenses: a) percibieron que el agua es un bien público y que existe mayor disponibilidad de la que en realidad hay, b) 22 % indicó tener problemas de abastecimiento, infraestructura y/o calidad del agua, c) son conscientes de la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua y, d) percibieron afectación por inundaciones y deslizamientos y, e) 55 % coincidió en que el agua para consumo proviene de pozos y nacientes, pero sólo el 12 % y el 36 % tuvo una noción general de lo que es un acuífero y el agua subterránea, respectivamente.  Se concluye que los programas de educación deben incluir conceptos generales sobre agua subterránea, gestión y gobernanza del agua y que la anuencia a pagar más por el tratamiento de las aguas residuales debe tomarse en consideración por las instituciones para la mejora del saneamiento ambiental