Somatización y Percepción Subjetiva de la Enfermedad

In the present paper, a sociocultural perspective will be introduced to help explain the somatization phenomenon. Somatization is seem as one of the most frequent and problematic issues that faces physicians in primary health care. Somatization implies a discrepancy between the definition of the problem from the observer's point of view (e.g, the doctor) and the patient who experiences the pain (or other symptom) and discomfort in the body. The concept of illness behaviour as a subjective experience (meaning, cognition and coping), will be discussed; this concept illuminates the patient's point of view about his/her problem

La adaptación de la mujer mapuche a la medicina moderna

Un grupo de 110 mujeres mapuches residentes en Santiago fueron entrevistadas con el fin de analizar sociológicamente su adaptación a la medicina moderna. Se comprobó que dicho proceso sociocultural está: 1. levemente asociado a las variables: nivel educacional, exposición a programas de radio en su comunidad de origen y relaciones sociales con no-mapuches; 2. moderadamente asociado con la variable: edad de la mapuche y 3. fuertemente asociado al tiempo de residencia que la mapuche tiene en la capital. Contrariamente a lo esperado, se observa que la aceptación de la medicina moderna conjunta con la medicina tradicional

The mitochondrial genome of the stingless bee Melipona bicolor (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini): sequence, gene organization and a unique tRNA translocation event conserved across the tribe Meliponini

At present a complete mtDNA sequence has been reported for only two hymenopterans, the Old World honey bee, Apis mellifera and the sawfly Perga condei. Among the bee group, the tribe Meliponini (stingless bees) has some distinction due to its Pantropical distribution, great number of species and large importance as main pollinators in several ecosystems, including the Brazilian rain forest. However few molecular studies have been conducted on this group of bees and few sequence data from mitochondrial genomes have been described. In this project, we PCR amplified and sequenced 78% of the mitochondrial genome of the stingless bee Melipona bicolor (Apidae, Meliponini). The sequenced region contains all of the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes, 18 of 22 tRNA genes, and both rRNA genes (one of them was partially sequenced). We also report the genome organization (gene content and order), gene translation, genetic code, and other molecular features, such as base frequencies, codon usage, gene initiation and termination. We compare these characteristics of M. bicolor to those of the mitochondrial genome of A. mellifera and other insects. A highly biased A+T content is a typical characteristic of the A. mellifera mitochondrial genome and it was even more extreme in that of M. bicolor. Length and compositional differences between M. bicolor and A. mellifera genes were detected and the gene order was compared. Eleven tRNA gene translocations were observed between these two species. This latter finding was surprising, considering the taxonomic proximity of these two bee tribes. The tRNA Lys gene translocation was investigated within Meliponini and showed high conservation across the Pantropical range of the tribe.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Meccanismi di immunosorveglianza nella carcinogensei dei reni affetti da end-stage renal disease

Background- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and replacement therapies (dialysis or transplantation) increase the risk of native kidneys cancer. Acquired multicystic kidney disease in dialysis patients and immunosuppressive therapy in transplant recipients might be relevant factors for the development of renal cancer. International guidelines do not clearly recommend specific screening protocols for these categories of patients, although the early diagnosis could lead to an excellent prognosis. Objectives- To retrospectively analyze the cases of renal neoplasms of the native kidneys in chronic renal failure patients and renal transplant recipients that underwent nephrectomy at the Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Center at Hospital-University of Padua. The histological type of the tumor, grading, stage at diagnosis and prognosis of these patients were evaluated and compared with the data reported in the literature in uremic patients and in the general population. In the prospective phase of the study: the histopathological analysis and the flow cytometry of the kidneys have been addressed to study the expression of costimulatory molecules at the level of renal epithelial cells, to determine their function as non-professional APC (Antigen Presenting Cell). The activation status of intraepitelial lymphocyte population have been evaluated. Methods- From April 2007 to June 2013, 18 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or kidney transplant recipients underwent nephrectomy because of renal tumor at the Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Center at Hospital-University of Padua. Were analyzed: the cause of the CKD, the type of replacement therapy, the timing of kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, the histological type of the tumor, the Fuhrman grade, and patient outcomes. Thereafter, between December 2014 and December 2015, 16 patients (5F/11M). were enrolled in the study. Indications for nephrectomy were: polycystic disease (APKD) 13 patients, suspected malignancy of the native kidney 3 patients, 1 patient underwent trasnsplantectomy of his kidney, performed for the detection of an aneurysm of the renal artery. Histological examination showed: neoplasms 2 cell carcinomas (Furhman Furhman 4 and 2 respectively), 1 papillary carcinoma Results- The average age of the patients at the time of nephrectomy was 53.4 ± 11.2 years. Six patients were receiving dialysis (hemodialysis in 2 and 4 on peritoneal dialysis), while 12 patients had a kidney transplant and 1 had previously pancreas and kidney transplantation. One patient developed 2 bilateral metacronous neoplasia and 1 benign tumor. Histological examination showed 17 cases of malignancy (9 clear cell carcinomas and 8 papillary carcinomas) and 3 benign tumors (2 papillary adenoma and a renal oncocytoma). The stage at diagnosis was: in 16 cases T1, and in 1 case T2. All patients underwent nephrectomy: 12 laparoscopically, 5 with laparotomy and 2 by lombotomic approach. All patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis, which took place during ultrasound performed for other reasons and subsequently confirmed at the CT-scan with contrast and / or MRI. After a mean follow-up of 22 ± 20 months, two patients died of causes unrelated to renal cancer and there were no local or distant recurrence of the tumor, in the absence of adjuvant treatment. The flow cytometry seems to show a greater expression of CD80, HLAABCm, HLAABCr; HLADRm and HLADRr; where HLAABCm and HLADRm represent the average intensity of fluorescence per cell, while HLAABCr and HLADRr represent the percentage of cells that exceed the gate and are therefore classified as positive. The expression of MCHC seems to increase in transplant recipient than in non-transplant patients; probably because immunosuppressive therapy, preventing rejection, leads an inhibition of T cell. Conclusions- The diagnosis of kidney cancer which is carried out within the program of follow-up in kidney transplant patients and screening in uremic patients allows to detect cancer in its early stages, improving outcomes and reducing the need for adjuvant therapy. The expression of costimulatory molecule CD80 in patients with renal carcinoma might suggest an activation of immunosurveillance in the carcinogenesis of the kidney. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of immunosuppressive therapy in the immunosurveillance

Oral health in a group of patients with Rett syndrome in the regions of Valencia and Murcia (Spain): a case-control study

Objectives: Rett syndrome (RS) is a rare disease with oral manifestations that have not been described in detail or in a standardized manner in the literature. The present study describes the oral health of the population with RS in two Spanish regions, following the protocol of the World Health Organization for conducting common oral health surveys. Study Design: A prospective, observational case-control study was carried out, involving a group of patients with RS (n1=41) and a mean age of 13.37±3.19 years, and an age- and gender-matched control group without RS (n0=82). The data referred to oral health and habits were recorded by means of a questionnaire and oral examination was used to document caries indicators (prevalence of caries, df(t), df(s), DMF(T), DMF(S) and indices referred to dental loss, morbidity, restoration), the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and the most characteristic oral manifestations. Results: The most frequent oral habit in the patients with RS was diurnal bruxism, followed by stereotyped tongue movements and oral breathing. The caries scores were lower in the RS population than in the control group, but patients with RS showed greater periodontal alterations and a greater prevalence of drooling, dental wear, higharched palate and anterior open bite. Conclusions: The population with RS exhibits characteristic and early oral habits and alterations, and periodontal problems that are more notorious than caries disease, so that our efforts should focus on the diagnosis and early correction of the parafunctional habits, promoting restorative treatment, and providing instructions on correct oral hygiene

Relação entre estilos de liderança e a influência no atingimento das metas

Baseada no estilo de liderança Caminho-Meta, escrita por House e colaboradores em 1971, foi desenvolvida uma investigação científica com a finalidade de avaliar qual o estilo de liderança existente na filial Brasília da empresa CAIXA CRESCER. A empresa é uma Start-Up no mercado de microcrédito, tendo em seu quadro mais de 1.000 funcionários. A empresa atua em todo o Brasil, com exceção da Região Norte do país. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com uma amostra de 09 colaboradores, lotados em cidades do Distrito Federal e Entorno que atuam nos cargos de Orientadores de Crédito e Supervisor de Crédito. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com perguntas abertas. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para tratar os dados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que não é possível definir qual o estilo de liderança ideal, pois há fatores que influenciam na postura do líder, fazendo com o que o mesmo possa apresentar características contingenciais, que variam de acordo com a situação

Diseño y optimización topológica de rockers para un modelo de Formula Student

Este proyecto recoge el diseño y los análisis destinados a la optimización topológica de uno de los elementos fundamentales en la suspensión de un monoplaza Formula Student, los rockers. Este elemento será diseñado con el fin de ser fabricado y posteriormente probado en las competiciones en las que el equipo ARUS Andalucía Racing presentará su monoplaza. Estas competiciones serán Formula Student Austria y Formula Student Germany para la presente temporada. La principal motivación para realizar este proyecto surge de problemas de plastificación en el material empleado en la fabricación de los rockers de la pasada temporada. Además, la configuración de la suspensión delantera del monoplaza ha sido modificada recientemente y ésta debe ser analizada. El proyecto se puede estructurar en cuatro partes bien diferenciadas. La primera consiste en una introducción de la competición de Formula Student y una descripción de las piezas a diseñar. En la segunda parte se realizarán unos cálculos previos y el diseño inicial de los rockers, donde se recogerá tanto una geometría previa a los análisis como el método de fabricación empleado o la selección de rodamientos. Se desarrollará una tercera parte donde se analizará el diseño inicial para posteriormente realizar una optimización topológica de los rockers, obteniéndose un diseño final. Por último, se detallarán una serie de mejoras en el diseño para evitar problemas de plastificación del material. Además, se discutirán ideas futuras que el equipo podría considerar en el diseño de estos elementos para próximas temporadas. Para la realización de los análisis y la optimización topológica mencionados, se empleará un software de elementos finitos, conocido como Hyperworks. Del mismo modo, se ha empleado en el diseño tanto de la geometría de los rockers como de otros elementos utilizados en la suspensión, el programa de diseño Catia. La finalidad de este proyecto es que todos los análisis realizados queden recogidos para futuros años, facilitando el trabajo de los nuevos integrantes de ARUS en la fabricación tanto de los rockers como de cualquier otro componente del monoplaza ya que podría servir de referencia en este tipo de análisis.This project includes the design and analysis of one of the fundamental elements in the suspension of a Formula Student car, the rockers, to obtain its topological optimization. This element will be designed in order to be manufactured and subsequently tested in the competitions in which the ARUS Andalucía Racing team will be presented with its car. These will be Formula Student Austria and Formula Student Germany for the current season. The main motivation for this project arises from problems of plastification in the material used in the manufacture of the rockers in last season. Moreover, the front suspension have been modified recently and it must be analyzed. The project can be structured into four distinct parts. The first one consists of an introduction to the Formula Student competition and a description of the pieces to be designed. In the second part, some preliminary calculations and the initial design of the rockers will be performed, where it will be collected a geometry prior to the analysis as well as the manufacturing method used or the selection of bearings. A third part will be developed where the initial design will be analyzed to later carry out a topological optimization of the rockers obtaining a final design. Finally, a series of improvements in the design will be detailed to avoid problems of plastification of the material. Furthermore, the future ideas, that ARUS could consider in the design of these elements for next seasons, will be discussed. For the performance of the analyzes and topological optimization mentioned, a finite element software, known as Hyperworks, will be used. In the same way, it has been used in the design of both the geometry of rockers and other elements used in the suspension, the design program Catia. The aim of this project is that all analyzes made were collected for future years, facilitating the work of the new members of ARUS in the manufacture of both rockers and any other component of the car, since it could serve as a reference in this type of analysis.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería de Tecnologías Industriale

Diagnosi, reforma i rehabilitació d’edificis, nou mòdul del CFGS Projectes d’Edificació

El sector de la construcció ha estat les darreres dècades, clau per a l’economia espanyola. Això ha representat una forta ocupació laboral i en conseqüència un creixement en les ofertes educatives relacionades amb la construcció. És aproximadament a partir de l’any 2007, com a conseqüència de la crisi econòmica internacional i de l’explosió de la bombolla immobiliària, que es comença a registrar un fort descens en l’obra de construcció, a dia d’avui tant minvada, i sorgeix la necessitat de reorientar l’exercici constructiu i l’ensenyament del mateix cap a altres camps alternatius a l’obra de nova edificació, que clarament està perdent protagonisme . Sembla que la tendència en el sector de la construcció a Europa és la de potenciar les obres de reforma y rehabilitació, doncs és una resposta necessària a la situació econòmica, social i mediambiental del sectors de l’edificació que, han de tendir a un desenvolupament més sostenible de les ciutats. A Espanya aquesta activitat suposa només el 20% de la construcció, mentre que a la UE és del 43%, a Alemanya del 62% i a Dinamarca del 80% Se suma a aquesta tendència l’actual parc d’habitatges buits a Espanya, el creixent número d’equipaments en desús que cal però mantenir i l’entrada en vigor de noves normatives aprovades amb posterioritat al inici de la crisi immobiliària, que persegueixen potenciar les obres de rehabilitació i rehabilitació energètica. El cicle “Projectes d’edificació” es caracteritza actualment per una molt baixa matrícula deguda en gran part a l’actual crisi i probablement a que els continguts d’aquest cicle segueixen enfocant-se única i exclusivament a l’obra d’edificació de nova planta. L’objectiu d’aquest TFM és adaptar el currículum del cicle “Projectes d’Edificació” a les noves necessitats del sector de la construcció, ampliant les competències que ofereix amb les pròpies de la rehabilitació, actualment inexistents, mitjançant l’estudi de viabilitat i proposta de creació del nou mòdul “Diagnosi, reforma y rehabilitació d’edificis”. Amb aquesta proposta es pretén per tant donar un nou enfocament al cicle més ajustat a les noves i futures realitats laborals, atorgant-li un nou sentit i perseguint alhora disminuir o, al menys, aturar la davallada en les matriculacions al cicle

Cardosins A and B, two new enzymes available for peptide synthesis

Two new aspartic proteases, Cardosins A and B, with a high specificity toward bonds between hydrophobic amino acids were isolated from the flowers of the cardoon, Cynara cardunculus L., and recently characterised [C.J. Faro, A.G.J. Moir, E. Pires, Biotech. Lett., 14 (1992) 841.]; [P. Veríssimo, C. Faro, A.J.G. Moir, Y. Lin, J. Tang, E. Pires, Eur. J. Biochem., 235 (1996) 762.]. Cardosins were shown to be stable in aqueous-organic biphasic systems [M. Barros, M.G.V. Carvalho, F.A. Garcia, E. Pires, Biotech. Lett. 14 (1992) 174.]. In this work, we have investigated peptide bond specificity of Cardosin A and Cardosin B in what concerns the amino acids in P'1 position. The results were compared with pepsin under the same conditions. Information about secondary specificity of Cardosin A and B was also investigated by tripeptide synthesis. The condensation reactions were carried out in aqueous-organic biphasic systems of n-hexane/ethyl acetate and sodium phosphate buffer. The reaction products were isolated by RP-HPLC and identified by amino acid analysis and eventually by M.S. The results in the synthesis of dipeptides showed that Cardosin A and B have similar P'1 position preference. The production of tripeptides by condensation of CBZ·Val·Phe with Phe·OMe, Met·OMe and Val·OMe reveals that the addition of Val in the P2 position modifies the Cardosins' preferences concerning the amino acid in P'1 position.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TGN-3V5RY4G-2B/1/1e2fd83ec2ea4e623929f202f28a6d5