(Dia)lógicas de formação: contributo para a conceptualização de práticas supervisivas e de investigação proporciadoras de desenvolvimento profissionais

Pretende-se neste artigo organizar um contributo para a conceptualização dos processos de formação e desenvolvimento profissionais enquanto processos eminentemente dialógicos, sustentados na supervisão e na reflexividade investigativa na e a partir da prática. Elabora-se em primeiro lugar alguma explicitação do(s) ângulo(s) conceptuais em que nos posicionamos, a propósito do conceito de aprendizagem/ formação profissional, comportando dimensões individuais e colectivas/organizacionais em clara interdependência, e reconhecendo a relação íntima do conhecimento profissional e dos seus processos de construção com a praxis. Exploram-se, em seguida, os contornos epistemológicos e teóricos de alguns conceitos que se pressupõem centrais e clarificadores do carácter compósito e sistémico desses processos: Dialogismo, Intersubjectividade, Self dialógico, Identidade e Voz, Aprendizagem situada, Comunidade de prática e Participação. Procura-se, por fim, identificar algumas implicações do quadro de leitura proposto para a definição de modalidades relacionais e interactivas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento de processos de supervisão que, dos pontos de vista profissional e organizacional, se revelem equilibrados e eficazes.Abstract Our aim in this paper is to organize a conceptual contribution to the development of professional education processes. These are conceptualized as dialogical processes, supported by supervision, reflectivity and research within and on practice. First we try to clarify our view of professional learning and education. Recognizing an intimate relation between professional knowledge construction processes and praxis, we also stress the interdependence of individual and collective / organizational dimensions of those processes. Then we conduct a brief examination of the epistemological and theoretical frameworks of some concepts that we assume to be central and descriptive of the composite and systemic nature of professional learning and education: Dialogism, Intersubjectivity, Dialogical Self and Identity, Voice, Situated learning, Community of practice and Participation. Finally we draw some implications of the presented conceptual framework to the identification of relational and interactive modalities that may be helpful in developing balanced and efficient supervision processes

Pulmonary function testing in quadriplegic subjects

Study design: Cross-sectional study.Objective: Pulmonary functional capacity in 23 Brazilian quadriplegic subjects (ASIA A), aged 30 (9.5) years, weight 66 (10.75) kg, height 176 (7) cm, was investigated at 42 ( 64) months postinjury.Setting: University Hospital-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.Method: Subjects performed forced vital capacity ( FVC) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) tests while seated in their standard wheelchairs. Forced Expired Volume after 1 s (FEV1) and FVC/FEV1 ratio were calculated from these tests. Values obtained were compared to three prediction equations from the literature that are used specifically for spinal cord subjects and include different variables in their formulae, such as age, gender, height, postinjury time and injury level. Data are expressed as median (interquartile interval). Differences between values were demonstrated by median confidence interval with significance level set at a 0.05.Results: Obtained data were statistically different from prediction equation results, with FVC 3.11 ( 0.81), 4.46 (0.28), 4.16 (0.33), 4.26 (0.42); FEV1 2.77 (1.03), 3.67 (0.21), 3.66 (0.30), 3.45 (0.39) and MVV 92 (27), 154.2 (11.9), 156.6 (14),157.3 (16.8), where the first value is obtained experimentally and the second, third and fourth values correspond to predicted values. the results obtained from spirometry test in this study differed significantly from the results obtained when prediction equations were used.Conclusion: the use of prediction equations developed to estimate pulmonary function in wheelchair users significantly overestimates pulmonary function of quadriplegic individuals with complete lesions (ASIA group A), in comparison to measured values.Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Orthopedia & Traumatol, FCM, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Fac Phys Educ, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Biomech Med & Rehabil Locomotor Syst, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Dept Elect Engn, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Exercise inhibits the effects of smoke-induced COPD involving modulation of STAT3

Purpose . Evaluate the participation of STAT3 in the e ff ects of aerobic exercise (AE) in a model of smoke-induced COPD. Methods . C57Bl/6 male mice were divided into control, Exe, COPD, and COPD+Exe groups. Smoke were administered during 90 days. Treadmill aerobic training begun on day 61 until day 90. Pulmonary in fl ammation, systemic in fl ammation, the level of lung emphysema, and the airway remodeling were evaluated. Analysis of integral and phosphorylated expression of STAT3 by airway epithelial cells, peribronchial leukocytes, and parenchymal leukocytes was performed. Results . AE inhibited smoke-induced accumulation of total cells ( p <0 001 ), lymphocytes ( p <0 001 ), and neutrophils ( p <0 001 ) in BAL, as well as BAL levels of IL- 1 β ( p <0 001 ), CXCL1 ( p <0 001 ), IL-17 ( p <0 001 ), and TNF- α ( p <0 05 ), while increased the levels of IL-10 ( p <0 001 ). AE also inhibited smoke-induced increases in total leukocytes ( p <0 001 ), neutrophils ( p <0 05 ), lymphocytes ( p <0 001 ), and monocytes ( p <0 01 ) in blood, as well as serum levels of IL-1 β ( p <0 01 ), CXCL1 ( p <0 01 ), IL-17 ( p <0 05 ), and TNF- α ( p <0 01 ), while increased the levels of IL-10 ( p <0 001 ). AE reduced smoke-induced emphysema ( p <0 001 ) and collagen fi ber accumulation in the airways ( p <0 001 ). AE reduced smoke-induced STAT3 and phospho-STAT3 expression in airway epithelial cells ( p <0 001 ), peribronchial leukocytes ( p <0 001 ), and parenchymal leukocytes ( p <0 001 ). Conclusions .AE reduces smoke-induced COPD phenotype involving STAT3

The impact of Participatory Budgeting on health and wellbeing:A scoping review of evaluations

Background: Participatory budgeting (PB), citizens deliberating among themselves and with officials to decide how to allocate funds for public goods, has been increasingly implemented across Europe and worldwide. While PB is recommended as good practice by the World Bank and the United Nations, with potential to improve health and wellbeing, it is unclear what evaluations have been conducted on the impact of PB on health and wellbeing. Methods: For this scoping review, we searched 21 databases with no restrictions on publication date or language. The search term ‘participatory budget’ was used as the relevant global label for the intervention of interest. Studies were included if they reported original analysis of health, social, political, or economic and budgetary outcomes of PB. We examined the study design, analysis, outcomes and location of included articles. Findings are reported narratively. Results: From 1458 identified references, 37 studies were included. The majority of evaluations (n = 24) were of PB in South America, seven were in Europe. Most evaluations were case studies (n = 23) conducting ethnography and surveys, focussing on political outcomes such as participation in PB or impacts on political activities. All of the quantitative observational studies analysing population level data, except one in Russia, were conducted in South America. Conclusion: Despite increasing interest in PB, evaluations applying robust methods to analyse health and wellbeing outcomes are scarce, particularly beyond Brazil. Therefore, implementation of PB schemes should be accompanied by rigorous qualitative and quantitative evaluation to identify impacts and the processes by which they are realised

Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds

Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 28 European countries. The observations are collected by using country-specific and standardized protocols, validated, summarized and finally used for the production of continent-wide annual and long-term indices of population size changes of 170 species. Here, we present the database and provide a detailed summary of the methodology used for fieldwork and calculation of the relative population size change estimates. We also provide a brief overview of how the data are used in research, conservation and policy. We believe this unique database, based on decades of bird monitoring alongside the comprehensive summary of its methodology, will facilitate and encourage further use of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme results.publishedVersio

Rat Atrial Responses To Bothrops Jararacussu (jararacuçu) Snake Venom

Envenoming by the pitviper Bothrops jararacussu produces cardiovascular alterations, including coagulopathy, systemic hemorrhage, hypotension, circulatory shock and renal failure. In this work, we examined the activity of this venom in rat isolated right atria. Incubation with venom (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2mg/ml) caused concentration-dependent muscle contracture that was not reversed by washing. Muscle damage was seen histologically and confirmed by quantification of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) release. Heating and preincubation of venom with p-bromophenacyl bromide (a phospholipase A2 inhibitor) abolished the venom-induced contracture and muscle damage. In contrast, indomethacin, a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, and verapamil, a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker, did not affect the responses to venom. Preincubation of venom with Bothrops or Bothrops/Crotalus antivenom or the addition of antivenom soon after venom attenuated the venom-induced changes in atrial function and tissue damage. These results indicate that B. jararacussu venom adversely affected rat atrial contractile activity and muscle organization through the action of venom PLA2; these venom-induced alterations were attenuated by antivenom. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.323109124Abreu, V.A., Dal Belo, C.A., Hernandes-Oliveira, S.S., Borja-Oliveira, C.R., Hyslop, S., Furtado, M.F.D., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Neuromuscular and phospholipase activities of venoms from three subspecies of Bothrops neuwiedi (B. n. goyazensis, B. n. paranaensis and B. n. diporus) (2007) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol., 148, pp. 142-149Alloatti, G., Gattullo, G., Losano, G., Marsh, N.A., Pagliaro, P., Vono, P., The mechanical effects of rhinoceros horned viper (Bitis nasicornis) venom on the isolated perfused guinea-pig heart (1991) Exp. Physiol., 76, pp. 611-614Amaral, C.F.S., da Silva, O.A., Godoy, P., Miranda, D., Renal cortical necrosis following Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu snake bite (1985) Toxicon, 23, pp. 877-885Andrião-Escarso, S.H., Sampaio, S.V., Cunha, O.A., Marangoni, S., Oliveira, B., Giglio, J.R., Isolation and characterization of a new clotting factor from Bothrops jararacussu (jararacuçu) venom (1997) Toxicon, 35, pp. 1043-1052Andrião-Escarso, S.H., Soares, A.M., Rodrigues, V.M., Ângulo, Y., Díaz, C., Lomonte, B., Gutiérrez, J.M., Giglio, J.R., Myotoxic phospholipases A2 in Bothrops snake venoms: effects of chemical modifications on the enzymatic and pharmacological properties of bothropstoxins from Bothrops jararacussu (2000) Biochimie, 82, pp. 755-763Andrião-Escarso, S.H., Soares, A.M., Fontes, M.R., Fuly, A.L., Corrêa, F.M., Rosa, J.C., Greene, L.J., Giglio, J.R., Structural and functional characterization of an acidic platelet aggregation inhibitor and hypotensive phospholipase A2 from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom (2002) Biochem. Pharmacol., 64, pp. 723-732Barbosa, P.S., Martins, A.M., Havt, A., Toyama, D.O., Evangelista, J.S., Ferreira, D.P., Joazeiro, P.P., Monteiro, H.S., Renal and antibacterial effects induced by myotoxin I and II isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom (2005) Toxicon, 46, pp. 376-386Benvenuti, L.A., França, F.O.S., Bárbaro, K.C., Nunes, J.R., Cardoso, J.L.C., Pulmonary haemorrhage causing rapid death after Bothrops jararacussu snakebite: a case report (2003) Toxicon, 42, pp. 331-334Bonfim, V.L., Toyama, M.H., Novello, J.C., Hyslop, S., Oliveira, C.R., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Marangoni, S., Isolation and enzymatic characterization of a basic phospholipase A2 from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom (2001) J. Protein Chem., 20, pp. 239-245Bortoleto, R.K., Murakami, M.T., Watanabe, L., Soares, A.M., Arni, R.K., Purification, characterization and crystallization of jararacussin-I, a fibrinogen-clotting enzyme isolated from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu (2002) Toxicon, 40, pp. 1307-1312Brazil, V., Do envenenamento ophidico e seu tratamento (1901) Coll. Trab. Inst. Butantan, pp. 31-55Brazil, V., Contribuição ao estudo do veneno ophidico. III. Tratamento das mordeduras de cobras (1903) Rev. Med. São Paulo, 6, pp. 265-278Brazil, V., (1911) A Defesa contra o Ophidismo, , Pocai & Weiss, São PauloCalil-Elias, S., Thattasery, E., Martinez, A.M.B., Melo, P.A., Effect of perimuscular injection of Bothrops jararacussu venom on plasma creatine kinase levels in mice: influence of dose and volume (2002) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 35, pp. 1233-1235Campbell, J.A., Lamar, W.W., (2004) Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere, 2. , Comstock Publishing Associates/Cornell University Press, IthacaCardoso, D.F., Yamaguchi, I.K., Moura-da-Silva, A.M., Produção de soros antitoxinas e perspectivas de modernização por técnicas de biologia molecular (2009) Animais Peçonhentos no Brasil: Biologia, Clínica e Terapêutica dos Acidentes, pp. 419-431. , Sarvier/FAPESP, São Paulo, J.L.C. Cardoso, J.L.C. Cardoso, F.O.S. França, F.O.S. França, F.H. Wen, F.H. Wen, C.M.S. Málaque, C.M.S. Málaque, V. Haddad Jr, V. Haddad Jr (Eds.)Cavalcante, W.L., Hernandez-Oliveira, S., Galbiatti, C., Randazzo-Moura, P., Rocha, T., Ponce-Soto, L., Marangoni, S., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Biological characterization of Bothrops marajoensis snake venom (2011) J. Venom Res., 2, pp. 37-41da Silva, N.M.V., Arruda, E.Z., Murakami, Y.L.B., Moraes, R.A.M., El-Kik, C.Z., Tomaz, M.A., Fernandes, F.F.A., Melo, P.A., Evaluation of three Brazilian antivenom ability to antagonize myonecrosis and hemorrhage induced by Bothrops snake venoms in a mouse model (2007) Toxicon, 50, pp. 196-205Diaz-Oreiro, C., Gutiérrez, J.M., Chemical modification of histidine and lysine residues of myotoxic phospholipases A2 isolated from Bothrops asper and Bothrops godmani snake venoms: effects on enzymatic and pharmacological properties (1997) Toxicon, 35, pp. 241-252dos Santos, M.C., Gonçalves, L.R.C., Fortes-Dias, C.L., Cury, Y., Gutiérrez, J.M., Furtado, M.F.D., A eficçcia do antiveneno botrépico-crotçlico na neutralizaáóo das principais atividades do veneno de Bothrops jararacussu (1992) Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo, 34, pp. 77-83Fatehi-Hassanabad, Z., Fatehi, M., Characterisation of some pharmacological effects of the venom of Vipera lebetina (2004) Toxicon, 43, pp. 385-391Ferreira, L.A., Henriques, O.B., Lebrun, I., Batista, M.B., Prezoto, B.C., Andreoni, A.S., Zelnik, R., Habermehl, G., A new bradykinin-potentiating peptide (peptide P) isolated from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu (jararacuçu tapete, urutu dourado) (1992) Toxicon, 30, pp. 33-40Fletcher, J.E., Yang, C.C., Rosenberg, P., Basic phospholipase A2 from Naja nigricollis snake venom: phospholipid hydrolysis and effects on electrical and contractile activity of the rat heart (1982) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 66, pp. 39-54França, F.O.S., Málaque, C.M.S., Acidente botrópico (2009) Animais Peçonhentos no Brasil: Biologia, Clínica e Terapêutica dos Acidentes, pp. 81-95. , Sarvier/FAPESP, São Paulo, J.L.C. Cardoso, J.L.C. Cardoso, F.O.S. França, F.O.S. França, F.H. Wen, F.H. Wen, C.M.S. Málaque, C.M.S. Málaque, V. Haddad Jr, V. Haddad Jr (Eds.)França, F.O.S., Barbaro, K.C., Fan, H.W., Cardoso, J.L.C., Sano-Martins, I.S., Tomy, S.C., Lopes, M.H., Theakston, R.D.G., the Butantan Institute Antivenom Study Group Envenoming by Bothrops jararaca in Brazil: association between venom antigenaemia and severity at admission to hospital (2003) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 97, pp. 312-317Furtado, M.F., Maruyama, M., Kamiguti, A.S., Antonio, L.C., Comparative study of nine Bothrops snake venoms from adult female snakes and their offspring (1991) Toxicon, 29, pp. 219-226Gasparetti, A.L., Hyslop, S., Costa, S.K.P., Priviero, F.B.M., De Nucci, G., Antunes, E., Zanesco, A., Chronotropic response of β-adrenergic-, muscarinic-, and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor agonists in right atria from neonatal capsaicin-treated rats (2002) Neurosci. 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Toxicol.- Toxin Rev., 4, pp. 41-69Havt, A., Fonteles, M.C., Monteiro, H.A.S., The renal effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom and the role of PLA2 and PAF blockers (2001) Toxicon, 39, pp. 1841-1846Heluany, N.F., Homsi-Brandeburgo, M.I., Giglio, J.R., Prado-Franceschi, J., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Effects induced by bothropstoxin, a component from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, on mouse and chick muscle preparations (1992) Toxicon, 30, pp. 1203-1210Homsi-Brandeburgo, M.I., Queiroz, L.S., Santo-Neto, H., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Giglio, J.R., Fractionation of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: partial chemical characterization and biological activity of bothropstoxin (1988) Toxicon, 26, pp. 615-627Huang, M.Z., Wang, Q.C., Liu, G.F., Effects of an acidic phospholipase A2 purified from Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom on rat heart (1993) Toxicon, 31, pp. 627-635Kashima, S., Roberto, P.G., Soares, A.M., Astolfi-Filho, S., Pereira, J.O., Giuliati, S., Faria, M., França, S.C., Analysis of Bothrops jararacussu venomous gland transcriptome focusing on structural and functional aspects: I-gene expression profile of highly expressed phospholipases A2 (2004) Biochimie, 86, pp. 211-219Ketelhut, D.F., Mello, M.H., Veronese, E.L., Esmeraldino, L.E., Murakami, M.T., Arni, R.K., Giglio, J.R., Sampaio, S.V., Isolation, characterization and biological activity of acidic phospholipase A2 isoforms from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom (2003) Biochimie, 85, pp. 983-991Marchi-Salvador, D.P., Fernandes, C.A.H., Amui, S.F., Soares, A.M., Fontes, M.R.M., Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a myotoxic Lys49-PLA2 from Bothrops jararacussu venom complexed with p-bromophenacyl bromide (2006) Acta Cryst. F, 62, pp. 600-603Marcussi, S., Bernardes, C.P., Santos-Filho, N.A., Mazzi, M.V., Oliveira, C.Z., Izidoro, L.F., Fuly, A.L., Soares, A.M., Molecular and functional characterization of a new non-hemorrhagic metalloprotease from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom with antiplatelet activity (2007) Peptides, 28, pp. 2328-2339Martín, N., Bardisa, L., Pantoja, C., Barra, E., Demetrio, C., Valenzuela, J., Barrios, M., Cepúlveda, M.J., Involvement of calcium in the cardiac depressant actions of a garlic dialysate (1997) J. Ethnopharmacol., 55, pp. 113-118Mazzi, M.V., Marcussi, S., Carlos, G.B., Stábeli, R.G., Franco, J.J., Ticli, F.K., Cintra, A.C., Sampaio, S.V., A new hemorrhagic metalloprotease from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: isolation and biochemical characterization (2004) Toxicon, 44, pp. 215-223Melgarejo, A.R., Serpentes peçonhentas do Brasil (2009) Animais Peçonhentos no Brasil: Biologia, Clínica e Terapêutica dos Acidentes, pp. 42-70. , Sarvier/FAPESP, São Paulo, J.L.C. Cardoso, J.L.C. Cardoso, F.O.S. França, F.O.S. França, F.H. Wen, F.H. Wen, C.M.S. Málaque, C.M.S. Málaque, V. Haddad Jr, V. Haddad Jr (Eds.)Mello, S.M., Linardi, A., Rennó, A.L., Tarsitano, C.A., Pereira, E.M., Hyslop, S., Renal kinetics of Bothrops alternatus (urutu) snake venom in rats (2010) Toxicon, 55, pp. 470-480Melo, P.A., Homsi-Brandeburgo, M.I., Giglio, J.R., Suarez-Kurtz, G., Antagonism of the myotoxic effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom and bothropstoxin by polyanions (1993) Toxicon, 31, pp. 285-291Melo, P.A., Suarez-Kurtz, G., Interaction of Bothrops venoms and antivenin on the release of creatine kinase from skeletal muscle (1987) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 20, pp. 821-824Melo, P.A., Suarez-Kurtz, G., Release of creatine kinase from skeletal muscles by Bothrops venoms: heparin potentiation of inhibition by antivenin (1988) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 21, pp. 545-548Melo, P.A., Suarez-Kurtz, G., Release of sarcoplasmic enzymes from skeletal muscle by Bothrops jararacussu venom: antagonism by heparin and by the serum of South American marsupials (1988) Toxicon, 26, pp. 87-95Milani, R., Jorge, M.T., Ferraz de Campos, F.P., Martins, F.P., Bousso, A., Cardoso, J.L.C., Ribeiro, L.A., Warrell, D.A., Snake bites by the jararacuçu (Bothrops jararacussu): clinicopathological studies of 29 proven cases in São Paulo State, Brazil (1997) Q. J. Med., 90, pp. 323-334Montecucco, C., Gutiérrez, J.M., Lomonte, B., Cellular pathology induced by snake venom phospholipase A2 myotoxins and neurotoxins: common aspects of their mechanisms of action (2008) Cell Mol. Life Sci., 65, pp. 2897-2912Moraes, D.S., Abreu, V.A., Rostelato-Ferreira, S., Leite, G.B., Cruz-Höfling, M.A., Travaglia-Cardoso, S.R., Hyslop, S., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Neuromuscular activity of Bothrops alcatraz snake venom in chick biventer cervicis preparations (2012) Toxicon, 59, pp. 294-299Oliveira, M., Cavalcante, W.L.G., Arruda, E.Z., Melo, P.A., Silva, M.D.P., Gallacci, M., Antagonism of myotoxic and paralyzing activities of bothropstoxin-I by suramin (2003) Toxicon, 42, pp. 373-379Oshima-Franco, Y., Hyslop, S., Cintra, A.C., Giglio, J.R., Cruz-Höfling, M.A., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Neutralizing capacity of commercial bothropic antivenom against Bothrops jararacussu venom and bothropstoxin-I (2000) Muscle Nerve, 23, pp. 1832-1839Oshima-Franco, Y., Leite, G.B., Silva, G.H., Cardoso, D.F., Hyslop, S., Giglio, J.R., Cruz-Höfling, M.A., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Neutralization of the pharmacological effects of bothropstoxin-I from Bothrops jararacussu (jararacuçu) venom by crotoxin antiserum and heparin (2001) Toxicon, 39, pp. 1477-1485Pérez, A.V., Saravia, P., Rucavado, A., Sant'Ana, C.D., Soares, A.M., Gutiérrez, J.M., Local and systemic pathophysiological alterations induced by a serine proteinase from the venom of the snake Bothrops jararacussu (2007) Toxicon, 49, pp. 1063-1069Petković, D., Pavlović, M., Matejević, D., Unković-Cvetković, N., Jovanović, T., Aleksić, N., Cvetković, M., Stamenović, B., Influence of calcium on the action of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes snake venom on the myocardium (1983) Toxicon, 21, pp. 887-892Pinho, F.M., Burdmann, E.A., Fatal cerebral hemorrhage and acute renal failure after young Bothrops jararacussu snake bite (2001) Ren. 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BJ-PI2, A non-hemorrhagic metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca snake venom

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Background: Envenoming by Bothrops jararaca can result in local pain, edema, hemorrhage and necrosis, partially mediated by snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). Here, we describe the characterization of BJ-PI2, a P-I class SVMP from B. jararaca venom, and its local tissue actions. Methods: BJ-PI2 was purified by a combination of gel filtration, anion-exchange chromatography and reverse phase HPLC, and identified by mass spectrometry. Clotting and fibrin(ogen)olytic activities were assayed using conventional methods. Hemorrhagic activity and changes in vascular permeability were examined in rat dorsal skin. Myonecrosis and inflammatory activity were examined in mouse gastrocnemius muscle. Results: BJ-PI2 was a 23.08 kDa single-chain polypeptide. Tryptic fragments showed highest homology with SVMP insularinase A from Bothrops insularis, but also with B. jararaca SVMP bothrojaractivase; less similarity was observed with B. jararaca SVMPs BJ-PI and jararafibrases II and IV. BJ-PI2 did not clot fibrinogen or rat citrated plasma but had alpha- and beta-fibrinogenolytic activity (inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline but not by PMSF) and attenuated coagulation after plasma recalcification. BJ-PI2 had fibrinolytic activity. BJ-PI2 increased the vascular permeability of rat dorsal skin (inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline). BJ-PI2 was not hemorrhagic or myonecrotic but caused migration of inflammatory cells. In contrast, venom was strongly hemorrhagic and myonecrotic but caused less infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusions: BJ-PI2 is a non-hemorrhagic, non-myonecrotic, non-coagulant P-I class SVMP that may enhance vascular permeability and inflammatory cell migration in vivo. General significance: BJ-PI2 contributes to enhanced vascular permeability and inflammatory cell migration after envenoming, but not to venom-induced hemorrhage and necrosis. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.18201118091821Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [98/14307-9