Planificación estratégica en instituciones de educación superior en Venezuela

El propósito del presente trabajo es evaluar el proceso de planificación estratégica corporativa de las dependencias coordinadas por los directivos de los institutos universitarios tecnológicos del sector oficial de la región occidental de Venezuela. Se efectuó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, en la modalidad de campo, seleccionando una muestra de 40 directivos a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario específico sobre Planificación Estratégica Corporativa. La aplicación estadística rigurosa de los resultados de la encuesta permitió determinar que la planificación estratégica corporativa en los planes de gestión se ubicó en el criterio de medianamente adecuada, presentando dificultades en la formulación de objetivos corporativos, relacionados con las necesidades de recursos humanos, fortalecimiento de programas de extensión universitaria y desarrollo de los sistemas de bienestar estudiantil. Además, se detectaron limitaciones relacionadas con el logro de la articulación de los objetivos institucionales con otros planes de carácter oficial y la disponibilidad de recursos financieros

Guía metodológica de Educación Inicial EIB. Ciclo II

Presenta orientaciones a los docentes de aula, profesoras coordinadoras y promotoras educativas comunitarias de Pronoei, del ciclo II, a fin de que desarrollen una educación inicial intercultural bilingüe. Ellas tienen el rol de acompañar a los niños y niñas de 3 a 5 años en la construcción de su sentido de pertenencia, el desarrollo de su lengua materna y el aprendizaje oral de una segunda lengua, así como el aprendizaje de diversos saberes con la participación de las familias y la comunidad. La guía está organizada en cuatro capítulos. El primer capítulo aborda los principios de la educación inicial, la importancia de la educación intercultural bilingüe (EIB) y el rol de los actores. En el segundo, se presentan algunas consideraciones para el trabajo pedagógico. En el tercer capítulo se aborda la planificación curricular anual y a corto plazo. Finalmente, en el cuarto capítulo se desarrollan estrategias para trabajar cada una de las áreas desde un enfoque intercultural

Guía metodológica de Educación Inicial EIB. Ciclo II

Presenta orientaciones a los docentes de aula, profesoras coordinadoras y promotoras educativas comunitarias de Pronoei, del ciclo II, a fin de que desarrollen una educación inicial intercultural bilingüe. Ellas tienen el rol de acompañar a los niños y niñas de 3 a 5 años en la construcción de su sentido de pertenencia, el desarrollo de su lengua materna y el aprendizaje oral de una segunda lengua, así como el aprendizaje de diversos saberes con la participación de las familias y la comunidad. La guía está organizada en cuatro capítulos. El primer capítulo aborda los principios de la educación inicial, la importancia de la educación intercultural bilingüe (EIB) y el rol de los actores. En el segundo, se presentan algunas consideraciones para el trabajo pedagógico. En el tercer capítulo se aborda la planificación curricular anual y a corto plazo. Finalmente, en el cuarto capítulo se desarrollan estrategias para trabajar cada una de las áreas desde un enfoque intercultural

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Entorno laboral saludable en las instituciones educativas y riesgos psicosociales del personal docente

The objective of this article is to determine the importance of a healthy work environment in educational institutions for minimizing the psychosocial risks of teaching staff. In the same general conceptualizations are developed on the two variables and psychosocial risks are classified, for which conceptual proposals of the World Health Organization (2010), Pan American Health Organization (2015) and the International Organization of the Work. The bibliographic review of the official documents published by these three organizations and research related to the topic such as García (2016) and Moreno and Báez (2010), among others, was used as a methodology. Among the final considerations are the coincidence that exists between the three organizations when they state that in order to achieve healthy working environments, psychosocial risks should be avoided to the maximum through the promotion of healthy environments, thus improving the quality of life of the teachers. The correct adaptation of all areas that come together in the same work space is essential to achieve a favorable work environment that prevents risks and promotes health and well-being among teachers. It also highlights the importance, which is becoming stronger every day, of consolidating healthy work environments, where psychosocial risks are shown as factors of unquestionable study and sustained and effective search for practical solutions with emphasis on the achievement of physical well-being and mental of human talent.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo determinar la importancia de un entorno laboral saludable en las instituciones de educación para la minimización de los riesgos psicosociales  del personal docente. En el mismo se desarrollan conceptualizaciones generales sobre las dos variables y se clasifican  los riesgos psicosociales, para lo cual se analiza las propuestas conceptuales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2010), Organización Panamericana de la Salud (2015) y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. Se usó como metodología la revisión bibliográfica de los documentos oficiales que al respecto publican estas tres organizaciones e investigaciones relacionadas la temática como las de García (2016) y Moreno y Báez (2010) entre otras. Se destacan entre las consideraciones finales la coincidencia que existe entre los tres organismos al manifestar que  para alcanzar entornos laborales saludables,  se deben evitar al máximo los  riesgos psicosociales a través de la promoción de ambientes sanos, mejorando de esta manera la calidad de vida de los docentes. La correcta adecuación de todos los ámbitos que confluyen en un mismo espacio de trabajo es fundamental para conseguir un entorno laboral favorable que prevenga riesgos y fomente la salud y el bienestar entre los docentes. De igual manera resalta la importancia, que cada día se afianza con mayor fuerza, de consolidar entornos laborales saludables, donde los riesgos psicosociales se muestran como factores de indiscutible estudio y búsqueda sostenida y efectiva de soluciones prácticas con énfasis en el logro del bienestar físico y mental del talento humano

Competencias profesionales del docente universitario desde una perspectiva integral

The study had like objective to generate perspective theoretical to base the integral profile of professional competitions of the educational ones of the University Institutes of Technology and to elaborate a profile of professional competitions of the educational college student of the University Institutes of Technology according to the own considerations of the educational ones. The investigation was framed in a mixed approach (quantitative-qualitative) beginning with a description of the facts, conceptualization with its corresponding interpretative analysis (hermeneutic). The population was conforming by 144 subjects having applied the formula of Mountain range and Bravo was left a sample of 75 subjects. Two instruments were used: a questionnaire and one interview. For the validity it was used the judgment of experts and discriminate by means of the method of Cronbach. Version 10 was applied to statistical analysis SPSS, technique ANOVA and the test Ranks of Tukey. For the interview a interpretative analysis applied was made to the directors. Between the most excellent conclusions it is possible to be indicated the professors give preeminence him to the educational aspect, the implementation of integral a pedagogical process is required that projects the development of the different human dimensions and it offers meaning him to the pedagogical practice.El estudio tuvo como objetivo generar perspectivas teóricas para fundamentar el perfil integral de competencias profesionales de los docentes de los Institutos Universitarios de Tecnología y elaborar un perfil de competencias profesionales para dichos docentes, según sus propias consideraciones. La investigación se enmarcó en un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo-cualitativo) comenzando con una descripción de los hechos, conceptualización con su correspondiente análisis interpretativo (hermenéutica). La población estuvo conformada por 144 sujetos aplicando la fórmula de Sierra y Bravo quedó una muestra de 75 sujetos. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: un cuestionario y una entrevista. Para la validez se utilizó el juicio de expertos y discriminante mediante el método de Cronbach. Se utilizó el programa de análisis estadístico SPSS versión 10, la técnica ANOVA y la prueba Rangos de Tukey. Para la entrevista se realizó un análisis interpretativo aplicado a los directivos. Entre las conclusiones más relevantes se puede indicar los profesores le dan preeminencia al aspecto docente, se requiere la implementación de un proceso pedagógico integral que proyecte el desarrollo de las distintas dimensiones humanas y le brinde significación a la práctica pedagógica

The Digital Transformation of Universities in Latin America, changes in the Teaching-Learning process after the Pandemic

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers concerning the study of the variable Digital Transformation of Universities and changes in the Teaching-Learning process after the Pandemic in Latin America. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document is to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2016-2021 in Latin American countries, achieving the identification of 87 publications. The information provided by the said platform was organized through tables and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, a qualitative analysis was used to refer to the position of different authors on the proposed topic. Among the main findings of this research, it is found that Mexico, with 26 publications, is the Latin American country with the highest production. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the Digital Transformation of Universities and changes in the Teaching-Learning process after the Pandemic was social sciences with 56 published documents, and the Type of Publication that was most used during the period indicated above was the Journal Article, representing 52% of the total scientific productio

Effect of Alginate from Chilean Lessonia nigrescens and MWCNTs on CaCO3 crystallization by classical and non classical methods

In our crystallization experiments, the influence of alginate from Chilean Lessonia nigrescens and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was tested through electrocrystallization (EC) and gas diffusion (GD) methods on the crystal growth of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and their possible stabilization of proto-structures in amorphous CaCO3 (ACC) state through pre-nucleation clusters (PNC) essays with automatic potentiometric titrations were performed. CaCO3 crystals obtained in the in vitro above-mentioned crystallization systems were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Our experimental findings showed that ALG and functionalized MWCNTs stabilized truncated and agglomerated vaterite-like particles through GD and EC methods. While, on the other hand, we obtained qualitative information about induction or inhibition of CaCO3 nucleation that was provided by potentiometric titrations.FONDECYT 1171520 ACCDiS - Chilean Council for Science and technology (CONICYT) 15130011 Program U-Redes, Vice-presidency of Research and Development, University of Chile CONICYT 2112032

High Resolution Esophageal Manometry in Patients with Chagas Disease: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Gastrointestinal involvement affects 30–40% of the patients with chronic Chagas disease. Esophageal symptoms appear once the structural damage is established. Little is known about the usefulness of high resolution manometry to early identification of esophageal involvement.</p><p>Method</p><p>We performed a cross-sectional study at the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) between May 2011 and April 2012. Consecutive patients diagnosed with Chagas disease in the chronic phase were offered to participate. All patients underwent a structured questionnaire about digestive symptoms, a barium esophagogram (Rezende classification) and an esophageal high resolution manometry (HRM). A control group of patients with heartburn who underwent an esophageal HRM in our hospital was selected.</p><p>Results</p><p>62 out of 73 patients that were included in the study fulfilled the study protocol. The median age of the Chagas disease group (CG) was 37 (IQR 32–45) years, and 42 (67.7%) patients were female. Twenty-seven (43.5%) patients had esophageal symptoms, heartburn being the most frequent. Esophagogram was abnormal in 5 (8.77%). The esophageal HRM in the CG showed a pathological motility pattern in 14 patients (22.6%). All of them had minor disorders of the peristalsis (13 with ineffective esophageal motility and 1 with fragmented peristalsis). Hypotonic lower esophageal sphincter was found more frequently in the CG than in the control group (21% vs 3.3%; p<0.01). Upper esophageal sphincter was hypertonic in 22 (35.5%) and hypotonic in 1 patient. When comparing specific manometric parameters or patterns in the CG according to the presence of symptoms or esophagogram no statistically significant association were seen, except for distal latency.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The esophageal involvement measured by HRM in patients with chronic Chagas disease in our cohort is 22.6%. All the patients with esophageal alterations had minor disorders of the peristalsis. Symptoms and esophagogram results did not correlate with the HRM results.</p></div

Practical aspects of high resolution esophageal manometry

High resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) is currently under development as can be seen in the various Chicago classifications. In order to standardize criteria in certain practical aspects with limited scientific evidence, the First National Meeting for Consensus in High Resolution Manometry of the Spanish Digestive Motility Group took place, bringing together a wide group of experts. The proposals were based on a prior survey composed of 47 questions, an exhaustive review of the available literature and the experience of the participants. Methodological aspects relating to the poorly defined analysis criteria of certain new high resolution parameters were discussed, as well as other issues previously overlooked such as spontaneous activity or secondary waves. Final conclusions were drawn with practical applications