Roots in Stone and Slavery Permanence, Mobility, and Empire in Seventeenth-Century Cartagena de Indias

This dissertation examines the strategies that institutions and individuals employed in order to establish themselves in the slave-trading port city of Cartagena de Indias. In doing so, it uncovers social, religious, economic, geographic, and increasingly racialized transformations that made Cartagena a sustainable and stable component of the Spanish empire during the seventeenth century. In 1610, when church officials arrived in Cartagena with a mandate to establish a new tribunal of the Spanish Inquisition, a fragile political and economic balance already prevailed. The inquisitors needed to carve out space to integrate the new tribunal into the existing system without upsetting local power groups. For this, the inquisitors employed a tactic that they described as “building authority day by day.” To avoid direct confrontation with existing power-holders the inquisitors applied confiscation of property gradually and selectively against people convicted of religious deviance. The first target for confiscation was a prosperous but socially vulnerable community of women of African descent whom inquisitors had declared guilty of “witchcraft.” By offering for sale confiscated real estate, which was located in a zone that was increasingly attractive to prosperous buyers, the Inquisition became integrated into the economic life of Cartagena and laid the foundations for the tribunal’s survival. Selective confiscations allowed inquisitors to secure the ground for later prosecuting members of the elite, especially Portuguese traders in African captives, suspected of practicing Judaism. The local power that the Inquisition had gradually attained allowed inquisitors to achieve some convictions and confiscations. However, the economic dynamics of the city--in which Portuguese traders had exclusive rights to trade in African captives through the asiento contracts--imposed limits to the Inquisition’s tactic. The inquisitors eventually acquitted most of the Portuguese traders and allowed many of them to remain in Cartagena. When the Portuguese asientos ended, Spanish migrants who had opened up space for themselves in Cartagena took control of the economic nodes that the Portuguese had previously dominated. Some Inquisition officials themselves profited from agricultural and commercial activities indispensable to the trade in African captives. Constrained by the physical limitations of a port city surrounded by water, members of the new commercial elite expanded their economic activities into the neighboring island of Getsemaní. Getsemaní was home to free and enslaved people of African descent who lived and worked in artisanal workshops, including noxious industries. Many residents of Cartagena described Getsemaní as an arrabal, or slum. Spanish newcomers seeking to become permanent residents of Getsemaní employed legal strategies to have those industries removed. For local officials, however, the economic benefits of the arrabal prevailed over arguments about the impropriety of unsavory enterprises. The economic survival of Cartagena required that such industries remain at the edges of the city’s physical boundaries. Against the colonial authorities’ interests, this liminal location allowed the communities of African descent that remained in Getsemaní to maintain connections with runaways from enslavement who had settled in the hinterlands. Fugitives themselves were sometimes able to maintain fragile freedoms in Getsemaní, passing unnoticed by people who took them to be “blacks from the forest” rather than “fugitive slaves.” The dynamics that made Cartagena a stable and self-sustaining city shaped the meanings of permanence for individuals of different backgrounds, including merchants who avoided conviction, notaries who drew revenue from forging documents, and fugitives from slavery who settled the forests surrounding Cartagena.  PHDHistoryUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146037/1/anasilva_1.pd

Roots in Stone and Slavery Permanence, Mobility, and Empire in Seventeenth-Century Cartagena de Indias / by Ana María Silva Campo

Tesis de University of Michigan.This dissertation examines the strategies that institutions and individuals employed in order to establish themselves in the slave-trading port city of Cartagena de Indias. In doing so, it uncovers social, religious, economic, geographic, and increasingly racialized transformations that made Cartagena a sustainable and stable component of the Spanish empire during the seventeenth century. In 1610, when church officials arrived in Cartagena with a mandate to establish a new tribunal of the Spanish Inquisition, a fragile political and economic balance already prevailed. The inquisitors needed to carve out space to integrate the new tribunal into the existing system without upsetting local power groups. For this, the inquisitors employed a tactic that they described as “building authority day by day.” To avoid direct confrontation with existing power-holders the inquisitors applied confiscation of property gradually and selectively against people convicted of religious deviance. The first target for confiscation was a prosperous but socially vulnerable community of women of African descent whom inquisitors had declared guilty of “witchcraft.” By offering for sale confiscated real estate, which was located in a zone that was increasingly attractive to prosperous buyers, the Inquisition became integrated into the economic life of Cartagena and laid the foundations for the tribunal’s survival. Selective confiscations allowed inquisitors to secure the ground for later prosecuting members of the elite, especially Portuguese traders in African captives, suspected of practicing Judaism. The local power that the Inquisition had gradually attained allowed inquisitors to achieve some convictions and confiscations. However, the economic dynamics of the city--in which Portuguese traders had exclusive rights to trade in African captives through the asiento contracts--imposed limits to the Inquisition’s tactic. The inquisitors eventually acquitted most of the Portuguese traders and allowed many of them to remain in Cartagena. When the Portuguese asientos ended, Spanish migrants who had opened up space for themselves in Cartagena took control of the economic nodes that the Portuguese had previously dominated. Some Inquisition officials themselves profited from agricultural and commercial activities indispensable to the trade in African captives. Constrained by the physical limitations of a port city surrounded by water, members of the new commercial elite expanded their economic activities into the neighboring island of Getsemaní. Getsemaní was home to free and enslaved people of African descent who lived and worked in artisanal workshops, including noxious industries. Many residents of Cartagena described Getsemaní as an arrabal, or slum. Spanish newcomers seeking to become permanent residents of Getsemaní employed legal strategies to have those industries removed. For local officials, however, the economic benefits of the arrabal prevailed over arguments about the impropriety of unsavory enterprises. The economic survival of Cartagena required that such industries remain at the edges of the city’s physical boundaries. Against the colonial authorities’ interests, this liminal location allowed the communities of African descent that remained in Getsemaní to maintain connections with runaways from enslavement who had settled in the hinterlands. Fugitives themselves were sometimes able to maintain fragile freedoms in Getsemaní, passing unnoticed by people who took them to be “blacks from the forest” rather than “fugitive slaves.” The dynamics that made Cartagena a stable and self-sustaining city shaped the meanings of permanence for individuals of different backgrounds, including merchants who avoided conviction, notaries who drew revenue from forging documents, and fugitives from slavery who settled the forests surrounding Cartagena.

AUDIOVISUAL Y REGIÓN: otra historia en los estudios del arte latinoamericano

O presente artigo baseia-se na hipótese de que a história do documentário argentino é mais regional do que metropolitana, com pontos de produção espalhados por todo o país. Procura, portanto, contribuir para a discussão dos modos de pensar a inscrição territorial de diferentes manifestações artísticas. Com base em nossa própria pesquisa em torno do documentário audiovisual realizado em diferentes partes do país e do centro da província de Buenos Aires, em particular, consideramos as categorias de região e cidade média para problematizá-las e produzir uma síntese teórico-metodológica a fim de incluir, em futuros estudos artísticos, as experiências concretas pensadas, produzidas e consumidas nas províncias argentinas. AUDIOVISUAL AND REGION: other history of latin american art studiesThis article is based on the hypothesis that the history of Argentine documentary film is more regional than metropolitan, with production points scattered across the country. And thus aims to contribute to the discussion about artistic territorialities. Based on our own research on documentary films produced in different parts of the country and particularly in Buenos Aires province, we consider the categories of region and middle-sized city to problematize them produce and produce a theoretical-methodological synthesis that allows to include in future artistic studies the concrete experiences thought, produced and consumed in Argentine provinces.Key words: Audiovisual. Region. Middle-sized city. Documentary film. Art. AUDIOVISUEL ET REGION: autre histoire des etudes d’art latino-americainCet article se fonde sur l’hypothèse que l’histoire du film documentaire argentin est plus régionale que métropolitaine, avec des points de production dispersés à travers le pays. Et propose ainsi contribuer à la discussion sur la territorialité artistique. Sur la base de nos propres recherches sur l’audiovisuel documentaire réalisée dans différentes régions du pays et en particulier dans le centre de la province de Buenos Aires, nous considérons les catégories de région et de villes moyennes pour les problematiser et produire une synthèse théorique méthodologique aux fins d’inclure dans de futures études artistiques les expériences concrètes conçues, produites et consommées dans les provinces argentines.Mots clés: Audiovisuel. Région. Ville moyenne. Film documentaire. Art.

Actions for the confirmation of the continuous improvement plan for the Educational Program in Chemical Engineering at UAEMéx

The strategic plan for continuous improvement, through analysis, informs whichever adjustment that should be carried out in the monitoring and contrast by academic year, integrating and monitoring the performance indicators. In this way, the performance of graduates in society can be identified qualitatively and quantitatively as a function of the performance of different processes that impact the training of the student. Additionally, it guarantees to interested groups that the educational program of the Chemical Engineering Degree, and its curricular committee, add value to their graduated students, whose social responsibility impacts societyThe objective of this work was to reflect on the responsibility that the educational program in Chemical Engineering at UAEMex has in translating its intentions into actions, as well as establishing an organised process for continuous planning and systemic evaluation which is reflected in a continuous improvement plan. This process entails the inclusion of tools that permit the evaluation or self-evaluation of the measurements and forms in which the educational program is improving its actions in achieving the criteria established by the acreditory organisation Consejo de Acreditación de la Enseñanza de la Ingeniería (CACEI) (Accreditation Board for the Teaching of Engineering) in their Marco de Referencia (Frame of Reference) 2018 in the international contex

Protocol to implement non-pharmacological therapies (NFT) in homes for the elderly

Resumen: Esta investigación surge ante la necesidad de abordar el desarrollo de un protocolo para la implementación de las TNF en centros residenciales, dentro de un sistema integrado donde cada día toma mayor significación el concepto de ?adherencia del paciente?. El impacto económico por la falta de adherencia en las personas mayores es muy alto e incide de forma directa en el aumento de reingresos, hospitalizaciones, resultados médicos adversos, etc.. Este trabajo se plantea en el marco de acción European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP 2016-2018) y se tipifica como una herramienta de mejora mediante el abordaje de los principios de complementariedad entre terapias farmacológicas y no farmacológica, el empoderamiento de los pacientes con demencia y sus cuidadores, modelos de calidad en los servicios prestados a los residentes, la comunicación activa con el paciente, y el uso de las NTIC.Abstract: This research has been motivated by the need to address the development of a Protocol for The Implementation of NFT in homes for the elderly which will contribute to strength the concept of ?patient adherence.?. The economic impact of non- adherence in elderly people is very high and impinges directly on increasing readmissions, hospitalizations, adverse medical outcomes, etc ... This Protocol is a proposal of action under European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP 2016-2018) and is classified as an improvement tool when addressing the principle of complementarily between pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, empowering patients with dementia and their careers, the models of quality services provided to residents, and active communication with the patient, professional, the health personalized itineraries, all assisted by the innovative use of ICT

Correlación entre la autoestima de la madre y las puntuaciones en el cuestionario de síntomas pediátricos

ResumenContexto: Posiblemente una pobre autoevaluación (autoestima) de la madre pueda sobre o subestimar síntomas en el hijo evaluado. Sin embargo, no hay estudios que exploren esta asociación. Objetivo: Conocer la correlación entre las puntuaciones de las cuatro subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos y lapuntuación en la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima en madres de niños y niñas escolares de Cartagena, Colombia. Método: Se diseñó un estudio transversal en el que las madres diligenciaron las subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos (síntomas de desatención e hiperactividad, depresivos, conductuales y ansiosos) y laescala de Rosenberg para autoestima. Se determinó la correlación entre las subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos y la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima (versión dicotómica) con el coeficiente de Pearson (r). Se aceptaron como significativas r<0,30 y valores de p<0,01. Resultados: Participaron 190 madres(edad promedio= 34,4 años; DE=7,4) de niñas y niños entre 6 y 10 años (promedio=7,6, DE=1,4) y escolaridad promedio de 2,9 (DE=1,3). La correlación entre la puntuación para síntomas de desatención e hiperactividad fue 0,130 (p=0,077); para síntomas depresivos, -0,213 (p=0,003); para síntomas conductuales, -0.103 (p=0,159); y para síntomasansiosos, -0,112 (p=0,125) y la puntuación en la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima. Conclusiones: Las puntuaciones en las subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos no guardan correlación clínicamente importante con las puntuaciones de la madre en la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima.[Chacón J, Hernández J, Arrieta R, Ruz S, Silva A, Cogollo Z, Campo Arias A. Correlación entre la autoestima de la madre y las puntuaciones en el cuestionario de síntomas pediátricos MedUNAB 2008;11:11-13].Palabras clave: Cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos, escolares, estudio transversal

Correlation between maternal self-esteem and scores on the pediatric symptom questionnaire

Contexto: Posiblemente una pobre autoevaluación (autoestima) de la madre pueda sobre o subestimar síntomas en el hijo evaluado. Sin embargo, no hay estudios que exploren esta asociación. Objetivo: Conocer la correlación entre las puntuaciones de las cuatro subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos y la puntuación en la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima en madres de niños y niñas escolares de Cartagena, Colombia. Método: Se diseñó un estudio transversal en el que las madres diligenciaron las subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos (síntomas de desatención e hiperactividad, depresivos, conductuales y ansiosos) y la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima. Se determinó la correlación entre las subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos y la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima (versión dicotómica) con el coeficiente de Pearson (r). Se aceptaron como significativas r&lt;0,30 y valores de p&lt;0,01. Resultados: Participaron 190 madres(edad promedio= 34,4 años; DE=7,4) de niñas y niños entre 6 y 10 años (promedio=7,6, DE=1,4) y escolaridad promedio de 2,9 (DE=1,3). La correlación entre la puntuación para síntomas de desatención e hiperactividad fue 0,130 (p=0,077); para síntomas depresivos, -0,213 (p=0,003); para síntomas conductuales, -0.103 (p=0,159); y para síntomas ansiosos, -0,112 (p=0,125) y la puntuación en la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima. Conclusiones: Las puntuaciones en las subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos no guardan correlación clínicamente importante con las puntuaciones de la madre en la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima.[Chacón J, Hernández J, Arrieta R, Ruz S, Silva A, Cogollo Z, Campo Arias A. Correlación entre la autoestima de la madre y las puntuaciones en el cuestionario de síntomas pediátricos MedUNAB 2008;11:11-13].Context: Possibly a poor self-assessment (self-esteem) of the mother may over or underestimate symptoms in the evaluated child. However, there are no studies that explore this association. Objective: To know the correlation between the scores of the four subscales of the Jellinek questionnaire for pediatric symptoms and the score on the Rosenberg scale for self-esteem in mothers of schoolchildren from Cartagena, Colombia. Method: A cross-sectional study was designed in which mothers completed the subscales of the Jellinek questionnaire for pediatric symptoms (inattention and hyperactivity, depressive, behavioral and anxious symptoms) and the Rosenberg scale for self-esteem. The correlation between the subscales of the Jellinek questionnaire for pediatric symptoms and the Rosenberg scale for self-esteem (dichotomous version) was determined with the Pearson coefficient (r). r<0.30 and p<0.01 values ​​were accepted as significant. Results: 190 mothers participated (average age = 34.4 years; SD = 7.4) of girls and boys between 6 and 10 years (average = 7.6, SD = 1.4) and average education of 2.9 ( SD=1.3). The correlation between the score for inattention and hyperactivity symptoms was 0.130 (p=0.077); for depressive symptoms, -0.213 (p=0.003); for behavioral symptoms, -0.103 (p=0.159); and for anxious symptoms, -0.112 (p=0.125) and the score on the Rosenberg scale for self-esteem. Conclusions: The scores on the subscales of the Jellinek questionnaire for pediatric symptoms do not have a clinically important correlation with the mother's scores on the Rosenberg scale for self-esteem.[Chacón J, Hernández J, Arrieta R, Ruz S, Silva A, Cogollo Z, Campo Arias A. Correlation between mother's self-esteem and scores on the pediatric symptoms questionnaire MedUNAB 2008;11:11-13]

Activating mutations and translocations in the guanine exchange factor VAV1 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas frequently associated with poor prognosis and for which genetic mechanisms of transformation remain incompletely understood. Using RNA sequencing and targeted sequencing, here we identify a recurrent in-frame deletion (VAV1 Δ778-786) generated by a focal deletion-driven alternative splicing mechanism as well as novel VAV1 gene fusions (VAV1-THAP4, VAV1-MYO1F, and VAV1-S100A7) in PTCL. Mechanistically these genetic lesions result in increased activation of VAV1 catalytic-dependent (MAPK, JNK) and non-catalytic-dependent (nuclear factor of activated T cells, NFAT) VAV1 effector pathways. These results support a driver oncogenic role for VAV1 signaling in the pathogenesis of PTCL

Evidencias de terremotos cuaternarios en una sima hipogénica: La Sima de Benís (Murcia, SE España)

[EN] The interaction between karst hypogenic processes and Late Pleistocene active faulting determines the present topography and shape of the Benís Cave within the Cieza Ranges in the eastern Betic Cordillera (SE Spain). This cave represents the explored deepest cave within the Murcia region, reaching the deepest point at -320 m, and showing "in situ" fossil remains of mammal carnivores (Lynx pardinus spelaeus) as well. In addition, this cave displays evidence of paleoseismic activity from broken speleothems, but also from instrumental earthquakes collapsing the cave ceiling hall at -150 m depth (1999 Mula Event). The geometry and speleogenesis of Benís cave from the Late Pleistocene is a combination of two processes: (1) a shallow hypogenic origin related to upwards movement of confined aquifer located between 0 and 150 m depth, with lots of outlets and megascallops, and (2) a deep fault-cave related to the Benís fault developed between 150 - 320 m depth. This fault is N-S trending with normal kinematics and evidence of Late Pleistocene paleoseismic activity. Related to this, different fossil bones of Lynx pardinus spelaeus, was found in situ, which were dated by amino acid racemization in 65 ± 17.6 ka (OIS 4). The estimated size of the last paleoearthquake was around 6 Mw according to the measured coseismic displacement at depth and the length of the Benís fault trace at surface. The combination of the two processes (hypogenic confined aquifer and a seismogenic faulting), controlled the development, geometry and speleogenesis of the Benís Cave during at least the last 250 ka.[ES] La interacción entre una cueva hipogénica y la actividad de una falla cuaternaria es la principal responsable de la génesis de la cueva más profunda de la Región de Murcia y una de las mayores cavidades hipogénicas del sur de la península. La Sima de Benís presenta una amplia y única variedad de espeleotemas y de estructuras de disolución que se encuentran afectadas por deformaciones sísmicas producidas tanto por paleoterremotos durante el Pleistoceno Superior, como por terremotos instrumentales (Mw 4,8; VI EMS-98, 1999; Mula). Además, dentro de las zonas más profundas de la cueva aparecen restos fósiles “in situ” de macromamíferos (Lynx pardinus spelaeus), los cuales hemos relacionado con la actividad sísmica en el interior de la caverna. En cuanto a su topografía, esta cavidad presenta dos sectores bien diferenciados: (1) un primer sector de 150-160 m de desarrollo vertical con pozos de origen hipogénico con desarrollo de golpes de gubia y conductos de disolución ascendentes (con “outlets” y “megascallops”) y (2) un segundo sector entre los 150 - 160 m y los 320 m de profundidad, el cual se desarrolla sobre un plano de falla normal de dirección N-S (Falla de Benís). Este segundo sector de la sima es el que presenta evidencias paleosísmicas cuaternarias, dividiéndose a su vez en dos zonas en relación a la dinámica kárstica dominante: (2.a) una zona vadosa dominada por estructuras hipogénicas (donde aparecen folias y corales), junto con marcas cinemáticas de movimiento de la falla (estrías con recristalizaciones y concreciones carbonatadas) y (2.b) una zona freática profunda controlada por la precipitación de nubes de calcita bajo lámina de agua y de tamaño métrico que se desarrolla hasta los - 320 m de profundidad. En cuanto a la parte hipogénica superior de la sima, se desarrolla a favor de una fractura con relleno de calcita y de orientación E-W sobre carbonatos del Cretácico superior y el Paleoceno, con un espesor centimétrico y evidencias de relleno posterior y circulación de fluidos. La potencial actividad paleosísmica ha podido ser datada en 65 ± 17,6 ka (OIS 4) mediante el análisis de racemización de aminoácidos de los colmillos de un lince de las cavernas, el cual pudo ser afectado por un terremoto. Por último, se ha estimado el tamaño del último sismo relacionado con la actividad de la falla a partir de relaciones empíricas, con un valor de Mw oscilando entre 5,5 y 6. Para ello se ha estimado la longitud en superficie de la traza de falla que controla la cueva en profundidad y se ha comparado con el último salto cosísmico observable en el interior de la sima. Estimaciones del salto de falla acumulado y la datación del último paleoterremoto, sugieren que parte de la evolución hipogénica con paleoterremotos de esta cavidad de forma conjunta se produjo al menos, desde hace 250 ka (OIS 7)

Evaluación de TuFormulas. Diseño y aplicación de indicadores para medir el impacto y la sostenibilidad de este recurso educativo como herramienta de enseñanza y aprendizaje

Depto. de Química en Ciencias FarmacéuticasFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte