La inversión obligatoria del 1 % por uso de agua en la cuenca del río Manacacías - departamento del Meta, por parte de las empresas del sector de hidrocarburos

El presente trabajo planteó realizar una revisión al proceso de inversión obligatoria de acuerdo con lo establecido en el Decreto 1900 de 2006 que reglamenta el parágrafo del artículo 43 de la ley 99 del 93, el cual establece que todo proyecto que involucre en su ejecución el uso del agua, tomada directamente de fuentes naturales, para consumo humano, recreación, riego o cualquier otra actividad industrial o agropecuaria, deberá destinar no menos de un 1% del total de la inversión para la recuperación, preservación y vigilancia de la cuenca hidrográfica de la cual se abastece para el desarrollo de la actividad productiva. Se seleccionaron actividades del sector de hidrocarburos desarrolladas en una cuenca hidrográfica de la Orinoquia Colombiana, considerando el impacto ambiental generado durante las etapas de exploración y explotación de hidrocarburos, la dinámica creciente de la industria petrolera en esta región y las cantidades de agua requeridas para el desarrollo de estas actividades. La selección del área de estudio incluyó criterios que permitieran identificar una zona suficientemente representativa de la región y que ofreciera las características necesarias para adelantar la evaluación: tiempo de existencia de la actividad en la zona, número de empresas operadoras en la cuenca y tipo de actividad desarrollada, entre otros, de manera que se pudiera contar con suficiente información para realizar los análisis relacionados con el proceso de implementación de la inversión obligatoria en la cuenca y el aporte de esta a la preservación y conservación de las fuentes hídricas que abastecen el proyecto extractivo.The current research aimed at making an assessment of the investment process referred to in Decree 1900 of 2006 which regulates the article 43 of Law 99 of 1993, that establishes that any project using water taken directly from its natural source for human, recreational, industrial and/or agricultural consumption should invest mandatorily 1% of the cost of the project in activities conducted to the recovery, preservation and surveillance of the hydrographic basin where the productive activity takes place. In this work, there were selected only activities related to the oil sector developed in the Orinoco river basin of Colombia. This as a matter of (1) the environmental impact generated by the activity during the stages of exploration and exploitation, (2) the growing dynamics of the oil industry in this region and (3) the huge amount of water requested to its development. The study area selection, included a few criteria that allowed the identification of an area representative enough of the Orinoco region, and that it could offer the characteristics needed to develop this assessment, such as, longevity of the extractive activity in the region, number of companies or operators present in the basin, and the type of activity developed, among others. In this way it was able to collect enough information to conduct the analyses related to the mandatory investment and its input in freshwater conservation estretagies.Magíster en Gestión AmbientalMaestrí

Compensaciones ambientales en Colombia (documento interno)

Las compensaciones ambientales han sido utilizadas como mecanismo para resarcir en alguna medida las afectaciones generadas sobre la flora o la fauna en Colombia por el ejercicio de actividades humanas; sin embargo su efectividad ha sido puesta en duda por la academia, las comunidades locales e incluso las autoridades ambientales (Documento interno).BogotáGestión Territorial de la Biodiversida

La implementación de un sistema de costos por procesos y su incidencia en la gestión de la empresa grupo Tauro SAC

En la tesis, la problemática se expresa: ¿De qué modo se corresponde el método de coste para determinar el Proceso de la Renta de la Compañía Grupo Tauro Sac 2019?, se ha considerado la siguiente hipótesis: Concurre la correspondencia entre el método de coste por proceso y la rentabilidad de la Compañía Grupo Tauro Sac 2019. el sistema de costos por Proceso se ha subdividido en las fases de proceso productivo, los procesos de la producción, la toma de decisión. Objetivo: Establecer la correspondencia que influyen en la rentabilidad en las etapas del Proceso Productivo que tiene ver con la liquidez de la Compañía Grupo Tauro Sac 2019. Método: La indagación trabajó bajo la orientación cantidad, fue de trascendencia aclaratorio y empleó el esbozo no empírico colateral. Se aplicó un interrogatorio estructurado a 60 colaboradores, el propio que fue bajo las normativas de las escalas que se usan a nivel estadístico para hallar los coeficientes que correspondan al estudio en cuestión. Consecuencias: Fue posible conseguir inestimable información concerniente a los métodos de Costos por Proceso que influyen en la rentabilidad de la Sociedad Grupo Tauro Sac 2019 Conclusiones: Se concluye que los métodos y los procesos tienen una significación directa con el estudio llevado a cabo en esta investigación.In the thesis, the problem is expressed: How does the cost method correspond to determine the Income Process of the Grupo Tauro Sac 2019 Company? The following hypothesis has been considered: Does the correspondence between the cost method by process and the profitability of the Company Grupo Tauro Sac 2019. The cost system by Process has been subdivided into the phases of the production process, the production processes, and decision-making. Objective: Establish the correspondence that influence profitability in the stages of the Productive Process that has to do with the liquidity of the Company Grupo Tauro Sac 2019. Method: The inquiry worked under the quantity orientation, was of clarifying significance and used the collateral non-empirical outline. A structured interrogation was applied to 60 collaborators, the same one that was under the norms of the scales that are used at the statistical level to find the coefficients that correspond to the study in question. Consequences: It was possible to obtain invaluable information regarding the Cost per Process methods that influence the profitability of the Tauro Sac Group Society 2019 Conclusions: It is concluded that the methods and processes have a direct significance with the study carried out in this research

Inversión forzosa del 1%: realidad de la implementación de estos recursos en la preservación y conservación de la cuenca de río Manacacías (Meta, Colombia)

La cuenca de la Orinoquía colombiana, además de caracterizarse por su diversidad ecológica, social, económica y cultural, se configura como una de las zonas de mayor dinámica petrolera en el país, actividad que ocupa cerca del 75% de este territorio y afecta de manera importante el recurso hídrico. De los requerimientos ambientales para la protección del agua en Colombia, la obligación de invertir el 1% del valor de un proyecto licenciado en acciones de preservación y conservación de la cuenca hidrográfica de la cual se abastece para el desarrollo de sus actividades (de acuerdo con lo establecido en el Decreto 1900 de 2006) ha sido muy poco visible para esta zona del país. Para evaluar la realidad de la inversión de estos recursos en la región, se adelantó la revisión de expedientes ambientales asociados a la exploración y explotación de hidrocarburos en la cuenca del río Manacacías durante los años 2001 a 2014. Los análisis permitieron identificar los principales factores que han impedido la inversión adecuada de los recursos y la necesidad de revisión y ajuste de esta obligación.The Orinoco river basin (Colombia) is characterized by its ecological, social and cultural diversity. This region is also very dynamic in terms of oil exploration and extraction because these activities are developed in almost 75% of its extension, which has resulted in important impacts on the water resources. Decree 1900 of 2006 establishes the “mandatory investment of the 1%” as an environmental requirement for the protection of the water resources in the country. This measure compels the licensed projects to invest 1% of their budget on preservation and conservation actions in the water basin they use for water supply. However, the impacts of this measure have not been meaningful in this region. With the aim of assessing the actual state and perspectives of these investments, the environmental files associated to hydrocarbon exploration and exploration from 2001 and 2014 in the Manacacías river basin and other related secondary sources were reviewed. The analysis allowed identifying the main factors that have blocked the adequate investment of those resources and revealed the need of reformulating and adjusting this environmental requirement

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Compendio de calendarios apícolas departamento de Cauca, Huila y Bolívar

Bogotá, ColombiaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt; Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural; Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura; Alianza Apícola; Cooperación de Apicultores del Cauca (Cooapica); Cooperativa Integral de Apicultores del Huila (Coapi); Institutción Universitaria Tecnológica de Comfacauca (Unicomfacauca); Fundacion Univeristaria de Popayán (FUP); Corporación Autónoma Regional del Alto Magdalena (CAM

Primera fase del programa de mejoramiento ambiental en el sector transformador de la madera, estudio de casos Pymes agremiadas en Bogotá y Cundinamarca

La transformación de la madera es una de las actividades de la cadena productiva que después del proceso de extracción, sigue causando importantes efectos e impactos ambientales en todas las etapas del proceso productivo que deben no solo ser manejadas al final del tubo en las empresas, sino incluir desde el comienzo la variable ambiental para prevenir y/o mitigar los problemas propios de esta actividad. La actividad gremial en una industria tan antigua como la industria maderera juega un papel importante en la inclusión de la gestión ambiental en el sector transformador de la madera. Es importante resaltar que las tareas de FEDEMADERAS como gremio con cobertura nacional, pueden apoyar el proceso de mejoramiento ambiental de este sector que continúa en una dinámica que se mueve a una velocidad diferente y rezagada frente a otros sectores de la economía. La gestión ambiental empresarial se presenta entonces como una iniciativa a desarrollar desde el gremio mismo para del sector transformador de la madera en Bogotá, buscando crear un mayor impacto en el cambio hacia una producción sostenible ambientalmente hablando. Es por esta razón que pensar en incluir la dimensión ambiental en esta industria ha resultado para nosotros una oportunidad como profesionales en administración y gestión ambiental