Tourism in a small town: the Peabiru Way in the state of Paraná

This is a case study on actions to generate jobs and income through historical, adventure, cultural and ecological tourism. Its purpose is to analyze the use of the repressed tourist potential of the ancient Caminhos de Peabiru, or Peabiru Way, a walking trail in the municipality of Peabiru, through the Projeto Caminhos de Peabiru: História, Cultura e Turismo (Peabiru Way Project: History, Culture and Tourism), which was started in 2016. The name of the town of Peabiru, in northwestern Paraná, is steeped in history, as it refers to the legendary Peabiru Way. Historical studies were carried out that led to the creation of the Peabiru Way Project. Hiking trails with varying levels of difficulty were mapped out along the course of the original trails of Peabiru, and taking in sights such as waterfalls, water mines, old buildings, mountains, valleys and rivers. These trails began to attract visitors to Peabiru; initially around ten or twenty visitors on weekends, with the numbers gradually increasing to as many as eight hundred visitors on one particular weekend. Nowadays, the region hosts visitors from the USA, Japan, Spain, Australia, and all over South America. As a result, local bakeries, restaurants, hotel, and gas stations have flourished, generating an increase in local commerce, while fulfilling the initial intentions of generating jobs, income and a sense of belonging and attracting tourists and income to the town. The work is justified by the fact that the Peabiru-PR is classed as a region of poverty, due to land concentration in the hands of a few, social and economic inequality, incipient industry and trade, and stagnant services. Tourism has emerged as a sector with good prospects for the region. Methodologically, this work is characterized as qualitative study, with a literature review of books, magazines and other materials, both printed and electronic, as well as the use of measured data in the application of the Peabiru Way Project in the town of Peabiru-PR. The next step is to train official guides, working voluntarily, with the aim of reducing the number of people, but increasing increase generation and income compared to today's huge flow. Today the Peabiru Way is visited by about one thousand people a month. The Associação Caminhos de Peabiru de Artesenato e Culinária (Peabiru Way Handicrafts and Culinary Association) was created, which is marketing specific products and generating opportunities for street vendors to earn more income. It was noticed that through the work already carried out, even though it still in the initial stages, there have been positive effects on the local economy, bringing more income for the population, restaurants, bakers, and gas stations and creating direct and indirect jobs during the weekly events, particularly the walks along the Peabiru Way in the form of Acquatrekking

Cytotoxicity and dentin composition alterations promoted by different chemomechanical caries removal agents : a preliminary in vitro study

The use of chemomechanical agents for caries removal has been indicated as a non-invasive treatment option; however, their possible deleterious effects on the dental-pulp complex have been insufficiently studied. This study assessed the direct cytotoxici

OCORRÊNCIA E ASPECTOS MACRO E MICROSCÓPICOS DO CISTO DE INCLUSÃO DA SEROSA UTERINA EM CADELAS E GATAS

Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de cistos de inclusão da serosa uterina em cadelas e gatas, bem como descrever seus aspectos macroscópicos e microscópicos. Foram utilizados 200 úteros (100 cadelas e 100 gatas) procedentes de ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. As peças foram fixadas inteiras em formaldeído a 10% tamponado, seguindo-se ao processamento histológico de rotina, com as lâminas coradas pela hematoxilina e eosina. Os animais de estudo foram classificados segundo a espécie, a faixa etária, a parição e o uso de contraceptivos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo teste Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Dos úteros analisados 7% das cadelas e 1% das gatas apresentaram cistos de inclusão da serosa uterina, não havendo diferença estatística significativa para a faixa etária, a parição e o uso de contraceptivos interespécie. Macroscopicamente, foram observadas dilatações císticas únicas localizadas na região miometrial ou na superfície serosa do útero. Estes cistos estavam presentes na porção cranial ou medial dos cornos uterinos. Ao corte, apresentaram conteúdo líquido de aspecto seroso. Histologicamente, as dilatações císticas localizavam-se entre o miométrio e o perimétrio ou apenas na camada miometrial. O revestimento interno dos cistos era composto por epitélio variando em cúbico, colunar, pavimentoso, estratificado ou misto. Conclui-se que o cisto de inclusão da serosa uterina é uma alteração patológica com baixa incidência em cadelas e gatas, que causa irregularidade na superfície uterina, pela formação dos cistos, e apresenta ampla variedade de revestimento epitelial interno

Lidocaína como Adjuvante na Anestesia Peridural para Cesariana: Avaliação de eficácia e resultados

Objective: This study aims to analyze the efficacy, safety, and applicability of lidocaine as an adjuvant in epidural anesthesia for cesarean sections, considering different protocols and their impacts on clinical parameters.  Introduction: Lidocaine as an adjuvant in epidural anesthesia for cesarean sections plays a crucial role in obstetric pain management. This review encompasses its efficacy, safety, and impacts on various clinical aspects, aiming to enhance contemporary anesthetic practices. Methodology: The methodology involved a systematic integrative review of clinical studies investigating the use of lidocaine as an adjuvant in epidural anesthesia for cesarean sections. The comprehensive analysis considered different administration protocols, dosages, and concentrations, evaluating efficacy, safety, and impacts on diverse clinical parameters. Results: The results consistently revealed the efficacy of lidocaine in epidural analgesia for cesarean sections, with positive impacts on pain relief. A relative safety was also observed, emphasizing the importance of individualizing administration protocols. Conclusion: In summary, lidocaine as an adjuvant in epidural anesthesia for cesarean sections demonstrates remarkable efficacy in pain relief while maintaining a safety profile when administered prudently. Its applicability and versatility reinforce its relevant role in optimizing obstetric anesthetic practices.Objetivo: Este estudo visa analisar a eficácia, segurança e aplicabilidade da lidocaína como adjuvante na anestesia peridural para cesarianas, considerando diferentes protocolos e seus impactos em parâmetros clínicos. Introdução: A lidocaína como adjuvante na anestesia peridural para cesarianas desempenha um papel crucial na gestão da dor obstétrica. Esta revisão abrange sua eficácia, segurança e impactos em diferentes aspectos clínicos, visando aprimorar as práticas anestésicas contemporâneas. Metodologia: A metodologia envolveu a revisão integrativa sistemática de estudos clínicos que investigaram o uso da lidocaína como adjuvante em anestesia peridural para cesarianas. A análise abrangente considerou diferentes protocolos de administração, dosagens e concentrações, avaliando a eficácia, segurança e impactos em parâmetros clínicos diversos. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram consistentemente a eficácia da lidocaína na analgesia peridural para cesarianas, com impactos positivos no alívio da dor. Observou-se também uma relativa segurança, destacando a importância da individualização dos protocolos de administração. Conclusão: Em síntese, a lidocaína como adjuvante na anestesia peridural para cesarianas demonstra eficácia notável no alívio da dor, mantendo um perfil de segurança quando administrada com prudência. Sua aplicabilidade e versatilidade reforçam seu papel relevante na otimização das práticas anestésicas obstétricas

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Third Eyelid of Cat

Background: The third eyelid neoplasms are uncommon in cats. The squamous cell carcinoma are easily found in head and neck of same specie, although is unusual in eye region. The more commun localization is eyelid and eyeball, being 60 and 15%, respectively. It could bee diagnosed by citology, histopathology, imunohistochemistry and molecular biology. The surgery is more effective treatment, because the tumor can be totally removed and it must available surgical margin. The aim of this study was to report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in third eyelid of a cat and show how it was treated with radical surgery. Case: A 11-year-old spayed female domestic short-haired white and black colored cat was presented for evaluation at Maria Dias Teixeira Hospital of Amazonia Federal Rural University (UFRA), of an red ocular mass fast growth in the left eye for 2 months. Physical exam was within normal limits. The animal presented discomfort on the region, when it was manipulated. The mass was ulcerated and blood-tinged ocular discharge, had 3.3 x 2 cm, beginning on third eyelid and overlay all the eyeball. Blood was collated to make exams. Complete blood count and serum chemistry profiles were within normal ranges, but leukocytes were increased and it was treated with Amoxicillin (22 mg/kg). It was performed biopsy to histopathology and immunohistochemistry diagnose, and radiography and ultrasonography to found metastasis. Ocular tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and processed routinely for histological examination. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and diagnosed poorly differentiated Squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-cytokeratin 1:200, anti-vimentin 1:150 and anti-actin alpha smooth muscle 1:700 antibodies. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. In tumor stroma was immunostaining of myofibroblasts by actina alpha smooth muscle. Because of malignment and infiltrative neoplasm, it was chosen to perform eye and eyelid enucleation. At post-operative evaluation no complication was found and in tem days, surgical wound was held. Seven months post-operative no neoplastic tissue had growth on local. Discussion: A retrospective study at Belem and some close cities, which took all neoplasms and classified, found only 1.5% of ocular neoplasms, and no one was in cats. Similarly occurred with another study, that 1.21% out of ocular masses, just 12.5% was diagnosed in cats, showing how uncommon is ocular neoplasm in cats. Including theses lesions, less of then are only in third eyelid. Ultraviolet radiation is the most related probably causes of squamous cell carcinoma. At Belem City ultravioleta radiation is very high, can bee 11 in some stations, in a scale of 0 to 14, the medial temperature is 27ºC. Another factor that could influence squamous cell carcionoma progress is skin color, animals’ wich skin is light have more probably to develop this neoplasm. On our case, close to eye, skin was dark, although the carcinoma was growth at third eyelid mucosa, a local that have no protection to ultraviolet radiation. Myofibroblasts observed in the tumor stroma are important in the invasion process of this tumor in humans. The treatment used in this case was radical surgery, with no other adjuvant, what is indicate for some authors. Another authors prefer exscind only third eyelid, but sometimes it is not possible, because this kind of neoplasm is very infiltrate. The localization and the nodular form of squamous cell carcinoma found in this study is uncommon, mainly in cats. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were important for definitive diagnostic. The treatment by enucleation of eyeball and removing the eyelids was effective, without relapse in 7 months after surgery. Keywords: oncology, ophthalmology, ocular neoplasm, feline

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

The influence of exotic and native plants on illnesses with physical and spiritual causes in the semiarid region of Piauí, Northeast of Brazil

Abstract Background Local medical systems (LMS) include native and exotic plants used for the treatment of diseases of physical and spiritual nature. The incorporation of exotic plants into these systems has been the subject of many studies. In this context, an analysis was conducted on the influence of the origin of plants on diseases of physical and spiritual nature in order to evaluate the therapeutic versatility of native and exotic species in these therapeutic targets, to investigate whether exotic plants mainly fill gaps not met by native plants (diversification hypothesis), and identify which species are prioritized in the redundant targets in these two therapeutic groups in the rural community of Morrinhos, Monsenhor Hipólito, Piauí. Methods Data collection took place in 2 stages. First, free lists and semi-structured interviews with local residents (n = 134) were conducted to survey plants used for therapeutic purposes and the associated illnesses. Then, another phase of interviews was carried out to evaluate the prioritization between native and exotic plants in redundant therapeutic targets. To test the diversification hypothesis (DH) in each group of illnesses, data were analyzed using generalized linear models (Poisson and Binomial GLMs); versatility was measured by the number of therapeutic indications and compared between resources using the Mann–Whitney test, and prioritization in each group was verified by comparing the proportions of native and exotic plants with the χ2 test. Results One hundred and thirty-two species of plants were surveyed, being 71 exotic and 61 native, with indications for physical and spiritual illnesses. The results revealed that the diversification hypothesis did not explain the inclusion of exotic plants in the local medical system to treat physical or spiritual illnesses and that the therapeutic versatility of exotic and native resources in the two groups was also similar (p > 0.05). However, exotic plants were prioritized in illnesses with physical causes and native plants in illnesses with spiritual causes. Conclusions The local medical system presents similar and distinct patterns in the therapeutic targets, depending on the perspective evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the patterns of use of medicinal plants in different sociocultural contexts in order to broaden the debate about the role of plant origin in the selection of treatments for illnesses with different causes