Desempenho das empresas estrangeiras e domésticas durante crises

Mestrado em EconomiaNo contexto atual de crise económica e financeira da economia portuguesa e mundial, surge uma maior reflexão sobre o papel das empresas estrangeiras nos países de acolhimento. Apesar de o aumento do desempenho das empresas seja normalmente associado à existência de propriedade estrangeira, ainda se sabe pouco sobre o potencial impacto da propriedade estrangeira na performance das empresas, durante períodos estáveis e recentes períodos de instabilidade económica. Com base no Top 500 maiores e melhores empresas localizadas em Portugal, pretende-se analisar se existem diferenças no desempenho financeiro entre empresas nacionais e estrangeiras. A investigação visa avaliar os efeitos de vários fatores muito distintos (indústria, firm level e macro) que podem determinar as diferenças relativas do desempenho entre as empresas, no crescimento das vendas e dos lucros. Daremos especial ênfase ao efeito dos ciclos económicos na diferente evolução do desempenho das empresas, através do método econométrico em painel. Os resultados obtidos revelam que a propriedade estrangeira e os períodos de crise afetam de forma negativa a performance das empresas, nas diferentes medidas de desempenho. Mas no que respeita à avaliação das possíveis vantagens da presença de propriedade estrangeira durante desacelerações económicas, os resultados indicam que as empresas multinacionais não exercem efeitos sobre as vendas, nem sobre os lucros. Exceto no segundo período de crise da amostra (2007-2009), a propriedade estrangeira parece causar efeitos negativos no crescimento das vendas.In the current context of economic and financial crisis of the Portuguese world, there is a further reflection on the role of foreign firms in host countries. Although the rise of corporate performance is normally associated with the existence of foreign ownership, little is yet known about the potential impact of foreign ownership on company performance during stable periods and recent periods of economic instability. Based on the Top 500 biggest and best companies located in Portugal, we intend to analyze whether there are differences in financial performance between domestic and foreign companies. The research aims to assess the effects of various factors very different (industry, firm level and macro) that can determine the differences in performance between firms, sales growth and profits. We will give special emphasis to the effect of business cycles in the different evolution of corporate performance through the panel econometric method. The results show that foreign ownership and periods of crisis negatively affect the performance of companies in different performance measures. But as regards the assessment of the potential advantages of the presence of foreign ownership during economic downturns, the results indicate that multinational companies do not exert effects on sales, not on profits. Except in the second period of crisis of the sample (2007-2009), foreign ownership appears to have an adverse effect on sales growth

Análise da capacidade metacognitiva de alunos do 1º ciclo do ensino básico perante a resolução de problemas de lógica matemática

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico.Sendo este um relatório de estágio, concentram-se aqui os relatos das Práticas Supervisionadas realizadas no mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e ensino do 1º Ciclo do Básico. Este relatório também contempla a investigação realizada com alunos do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, acerca da capacidade metacognitiva perante a resolução de problemas de lógica matemática. O principal objetivo desta investigação foi descrever o nível metacognitivo dos alunos através da resolução de problemas de lógica matemática. Os respetivos objetivos específicos são: Descrever o nível de metacongnição de crianças do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico ao contactarem inicialmente com problemas de lógica matemática. Descrever o nível de metacongnição de crianças do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico após terem tido contacto com a resolução de vários problemas de lógica matemática. A metodologia adotada para a concretização desta investigação foi a investigação-ação, pois o professor recolheu a informação que necessita, analisou-a, assumiu o papel de modelo de modo a criar mudança e, por fim, voltou a recolher informações com a intenção de verificar se essas mudanças ocorreram ou não. A investigação foi realizada numa turma de 2º ano do 1º CEB, com um grupo de dez alunos. De modo a estudarmos duas tipologias diferentes de alunos, foram selecionados cinco alunos com um bom desempenho na área da Matemática e cinco alunos com um desempenho menos bom nesta área. Após o tratamento e análise dos dados, com base nas folhas de tarefa resolvidas, nas entrevistas orais e nos questionários aplicados verificámos o grupo A mostrou uma evolução positiva tanto na resolução escrita dos problemas como nos discursos metacognitivos, destacando-se as fases “execução do plano” e “verificação” do modelo de Polya. O mesmo não verificámos nos alunos do grupo B que mostraram um retrocesso nas resoluções escritas dos problemas e um ligeiro progresso nos discursos metacognitivos não se destacando em nenhuma das fases do modelo de Polya. Com a elaboração deste relatório constatamos que a metacognição deve ser desenvolvida desde tenra idade, pois quando os alunos adquirem esta capacidade os seus desempenhos, pelo menos na área da Matemática, tendem a ser positivos. Percebemos também que este tipo de atividades deixam os alunos motivados para a aprendizagem.Abstract: Being this a stage report, are concentrated here the reports of Supervised Practice held in that master both in pre-school education as the 1st cycle of basic education. This report also includes research conducted with students from the 1st cycle of basic education, about metacognitive capacity before the resolution of mathematical logic problems. The main objective of this investigation was to describe the metacognitive level of students by solving mathematical logic problems. The respective specific objectives are: Describe the metacognition level of children from the 1st cycle of basic education when initially contact with mathematical logic problems. Describe the metacognition level of children from 1st cycle of basic education after having contact with various mathematical logic problems resolutions. In this sense the methodology adopted for the realization of this research was the research-action, because the teacher collects the information he needs, analyzes it, takes the role model to create change and, finally, back to collect information with intended to verify if those changes occurred or not. The research was carried out in a class of 2nd year of the 1st CBE, with a group of ten students. In order to study two different types of students, were selected five students with a good perform in mathematics and five students with less good performance in this area. After the processing and analysis of data, based on the resolved task sheets in the oral interviews and questionnaires noticed the group A showed a positive trend in both the written resolution of the problems as the metacognitive speeches, stages highlighting " execution plan " and " verification " of the Polya model. This was not noticed in students group B which showed a setback in the written resolutions of the problems and a slight improvement in metacognitive speeches not standing out in any stage of the Polya model. With this report we found that metacognition should be developed from an early age, for when students acquire this capacity their performance, at least in mathematics tend to be positive. We also realize that such activities turn students motivated for learning

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications