1,737 research outputs found
Radiative Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering
The radiative corrections to elastic electron-proton scattering are analyzed
in a hadronic model including the finite size of the nucleon. For initial
electron energies above 8 GeV and large scattering angles, the proton vertex
correction in this model increases by at least two percent the overall factor
by which the one-photon exchange (Rosenbluth) cross section must be multiplied.
The contribution of soft photon emission is calculated exactly. Comparison is
made with the generally used expressions previously obtained by Mo and Tsai.
Results are presented for some kinematics at high momentum transfer.Comment: 31 pages, 4 figure
Anchoring Bias in Online Voting
Voting online with explicit ratings could largely reflect people's
preferences and objects' qualities, but ratings are always irrational, because
they may be affected by many unpredictable factors like mood, weather, as well
as other people's votes. By analyzing two real systems, this paper reveals a
systematic bias embedding in the individual decision-making processes, namely
people tend to give a low rating after a low rating, as well as a high rating
following a high rating. This so-called \emph{anchoring bias} is validated via
extensive comparisons with null models, and numerically speaking, the extent of
bias decays with interval voting number in a logarithmic form. Our findings
could be applied in the design of recommender systems and considered as
important complementary materials to previous knowledge about anchoring effects
on financial trades, performance judgements, auctions, and so on.Comment: 5 pages, 4 tables, 5 figure
Recommended from our members
Melanocortin 1 receptor ligands and methods of use
The subject invention pertains to a modified MC1R peptide ligand comprising a peptide that is a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) ligand and a functionality or linker, such as a click functionality, for conjugation to a surface or agent. The modified MC1R peptide ligand can be coupled, e.g., via a click reaction with a complementary click functionality attached, to a moiety to form an MC1R-targeted agent. Drugs, contrast agents, polymers, particles, micelles, surfaces of larger structures, or other moieties can be targeted to the MC1R. The subject invention also pertains to a MC1R peptide ligand-micelle complex comprising a peptide that is a melanocortin 1 receptor ligand connected via a click reaction product to a micelle. The micelle is stable in vivo and can target melanoma tumor cells by association of the peptide ligand with the MC1R or the tumor and selectively provide a detectable and/or therapeutic agent (such as an imageable contrast agent and/or anti-cancer agent) selectively to the tumor cell.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste
Microscopic Selection of Fluid Fingering Pattern
We study the issue of the selection of viscous fingering patterns in the
limit of small surface tension. Through detailed simulations of anisotropic
fingering, we demonstrate conclusively that no selection independent of the
small-scale cutoff (macroscopic selection) occurs in this system. Rather, the
small-scale cutoff completely controls the pattern, even on short time scales,
in accord with the theory of microscopic solvability. We demonstrate that
ordered patterns are dynamically selected only for not too small surface
tensions. For extremely small surface tensions, the system exhibits chaotic
behavior and no regular pattern is realized.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
A phase II evaluation of cediranib in the treatment of recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study
PURPOSE:
Cediranib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors. This phase II study was conducted to assess activity and tolerability of single-agent cediranib in recurrent/persistent endometrial cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Eligible patients had recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer after receiving one or two prior cytotoxic regimens, measurable disease, and Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) performance status of ≤2 (≤1 if two prior cytotoxic regimens given). Cediranib 30mg orally daily for a 28daycycle was administered until disease progression or prohibitive toxicity. Microvessel density (MVD) was measured in tumor tissue from initial hysterectomy specimens and correlated with clinical outcome. Primary endpoints were tumor response and surviving progression-free for six months without subsequent therapy (6-month event-free survival [EFS]).
RESULTS:
Of 53 patients enrolled, 48 were evaluable for cediranib efficacy and toxicity. Median age was 65.5 years, 52% of patients had received prior radiation, and 73% of patients received only one prior chemotherapy regimen. A partial response was observed in 12.5%. Fourteen patients (29%) had six-month EFS. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.65 months and median overall survival (OS) 12.5 months. No grade 4 or 5 toxicities were observed. A trend towards improved PFS was found in patients whose tumors expressed high MVD.
CONCLUSION:
Cediranib as a monotherapy treatment for recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer is well tolerated and met protocol set objectives for sufficient activity to warrant further investigation. MVD may be a useful biomarker for activity
Degradation kinetics of water-soluble annatto extract and sensory evaluation of annatto colored yoghurt.
Norbixin (NB) is a water soluble coloring agent of annatto dye extracted from the pericarp of seed of Bixa orellana L. The stability of NB color in response to heat and light and quality of NB-fortified yoghurt were evaluated. Kinetic studies over a temperature range of 50°C to 100°C indicated that NB degradation followed 1 st order kinetics having rate constant and half life of 0.299 h -1 and 2 h, respectively, at 100°C and 0.033 h -1 and 21 h, respectively, at 50°C. The overall activation energy (E a) calculated over the temperature was 21.53 kJ/mol. Loss of color intensity under direct sunlight also followed 1 st order kinetics having rate constant of 0.024 h-1 and half life of 28 days. The light effect was found less severe than that of temperature. Yoghurt was prepared incorporating different level of NB color, and two-way ANOVA analysis of sensory evaluation scores showed that NB-added yoghurt were significantly different than that of control at P<0.05. Yogurt colored with 500 ppm NB was secured the highest scores with respect to all test preferences by the panelists. This study indicated that NB color was much sensitive to heat; and thus not suitable for heat- processed food products but showed excellent stability in low heat-processed products like ice-cream, chocolate, yoghurt, cheese etc
Determination of the Jet Energy Scale at the Collider Detector at Fermilab
A precise determination of the energy scale of jets at the Collider Detector
at Fermilab at the Tevatron collider is described. Jets are used in
many analyses to estimate the energies of partons resulting from the underlying
physics process. Several correction factors are developed to estimate the
original parton energy from the observed jet energy in the calorimeter. The jet
energy response is compared between data and Monte Carlo simulation for various
physics processes, and systematic uncertainties on the jet energy scale are
determined. For jets with transverse momenta above 50 GeV the jet energy scale
is determined with a 3% systematic uncertainty
The Composition of Cosmic Rays at the Knee
The observation of a small change in spectral slope, or 'knee' in the fluxes
of cosmic rays near energies 10^15 eV has caused much speculation since its
discovery over 40 years ago. The origin of this feature remains unknown. A
small workshop to review some modern experimental measurements of this region
was held at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago, USA in June 2000. This paper
summarizes the results presented at this workshop and the discussion of their
interpretation in the context of hadronic models of atmospheric airshowers.Comment: 36 pages, 10 figure
Neural Network Parameterizations of Electromagnetic Nucleon Form Factors
The electromagnetic nucleon form-factors data are studied with artificial
feed forward neural networks. As a result the unbiased model-independent
form-factor parametrizations are evaluated together with uncertainties. The
Bayesian approach for the neural networks is adapted for chi2 error-like
function and applied to the data analysis. The sequence of the feed forward
neural networks with one hidden layer of units is considered. The given neural
network represents a particular form-factor parametrization. The so-called
evidence (the measure of how much the data favor given statistical model) is
computed with the Bayesian framework and it is used to determine the best form
factor parametrization.Comment: The revised version is divided into 4 sections. The discussion of the
prior assumptions is added. The manuscript contains 4 new figures and 2 new
tables (32 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables
Functional classification of TP53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia
Mutations of the gene occur in a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and confer an exceedingly adverse prognosis. However, whether different types of mutations exert a uniformly poor outcome has not been investigated yet. Here, we addressed this issue by analyzing data of 1537 patients intensively treated within protocols of the German-Austrian AML study group. We classified mutations depending on their impact on protein structure and according to the evolutionary action (EAp53) score and the relative fitness score (RFS). In 98/1537 (6.4%) patients, 108 mutations were detected. While the discrimination depending on the protein structure and the EAp53 score did not show a survival difference, patients with low-risk and high-risk AML-specific RFS showed a different overall survival (OS; median, 12.9 versus 5.5 months, = 0.017) and event-free survival (EFS; median, 7.3 versus 5.2 months, = 0.054). In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, gender, white blood cell count, cytogenetic risk, type of AML, and TP53 variant allele frequency, these differences were statistically significant for both OS (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.15-4.0; = 0.017) and EFS (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.06-3.69; = 0.033). We conclude that the AML-specific RFS is of prognostic value in patients with TP53-mutated AML and a useful tool for therapeutic decision-making
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