Diseño de un modelo de audioteca digital para la emisora Radio María Colombia

El presente trabajo de grado presenta un análisis a la aplicación y creación de colecciones digitales, mediante la utilización de metadatos el proceso de selección, evaluación de software y hardware para el desarrollo de un modelo integrando los procesos misionales y operativos concernientes a la producción y reproducción de audio digital, así como la conversión de audio análogo bajo estándares internacionales de sonido y preservación digital.This project work presents an analysis of the application and creation of digital collections using metadata for a digital radio, the evaluation of software and hardware for the development of a model that integrating mission and operational processes using international standards and digital preservation and finally showing the results in the web site and online browsing.Profesional en Ciencia de la Información - Bibliotecólogo (a)Pregrad

Plan de negocio para la creación de una empresa de servicio y asesoría de pruebas de software

En este proyecto se llevo a cabo el proceso para la creación de una empresa de servicio de pruebas de software, con el fin de que las empresas desarrolladoras alcancen competitividad en la industria del software, por medio de productos de excelente calidad a nivel funcional, lo cual se puede conseguir por medio de la aplicación de un proceso metodológico de pruebas, aplicado en las etapas del ciclo de vida del desarrollo de software. Este proceso se realizo basados en el formato de plan de negocio del SENA - Fondo emprender, el cual consiste en lo siguiente:· En el modulo mercado se definió el mercado objetivo y la actual competencia, como también la proyección de ventas para el primer año de funcionamiento de QualityTest S.A.S · En el modulo operación se estableció las características principales del servicio a prestar en cuanto a pruebas y herramientas a utilizar en cada etapa del plan de pruebas · En el modulo organización se definió bajo que aspectos legales y organizacionales trabaja QualityTest S.A.S., además de la estimación de presupuestos. · En el modulo financiero se determinaron el valor de los egresos e ingresos dando como resultado el balance general y el flujo de caja proyectado a cinco años

Creative support for death grief in a hospital context: the experience in a Bogotá hospital

Resumen: El artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación participativa basada en las artes, en el que se buscó incorporar el arte y la creatividad en siete unidades de un hospital universitario de alta complejidad, para el acompañamiento en final de vida y duelo. Esto se hizo a través de la disposición de kits con materiales con potencial creativo y el desarrollo de talleres de sensibilización y creación con personal sanitario, administrativo, pacientes y familiares. El proceso se registró a través de observación participante y diarios de campo. También se realizaron reuniones periódicas, entrevistas informales, semiestructuradas de seguimiento y un grupo de discusión para identificar las principales barreras y facilitadores de la propuesta. Concluimos que, para poder integrar este tipo de recursos y para una atención centrada en la persona y las familias, los servicios de salud requieren transformaciones de fondo que incluyan la muerte como experiencia signifi-cante, dando espacio a sus propios duelos y emociones, lo que reduciría la fatiga por compasión muy frecuente en personal de salud enfrentado a la muerte de manera sistemática. El proyecto contó con la aprobación del comité de ética respectivo. Palabras clave: Investigación basada en artes; duelo; muerte; personal de salud.Q2Q2Abstract: The article presents the results of a participatory research process based on the arts, which sought to incorporate art and creativity in seven units of a high-complexity university hospital, for support at the end of life and bereavement. This was done through the provision of kits with mate-rials with creative potential and the development of awareness and creation workshops with health and administrative staff, patients, and family members. The process was produced through partic-ipant observation and field diaries. Informal, semi-structured interviews and a discussion group were also conducted to identify the main barriers and facilitators of the proposal. We conclude that, in order to integrate this type of resources and for care centered on the person and families, health services require deep transformations that include death as a significant experience, giving space to their own mourning and emotions, which would reduce Fatigue due to inflammation is very fre-quent in health personnel confronted with death in a systematic way. The project was approved by the respective ethics committee. Keywords: Arts-based research; grief; death; health personnel.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-0557https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SH-SFzMAAAAJ&hl=eshttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000274801Revista Nacional - IndexadaS

Teaching support manual for the evaluation of learning through the use of teaching aids

La evaluación del aprendizaje es una parte esencial del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que nos posibilita su propia dirección, así como el control y la valoración de los modos de actuación que los estudiantes adquieren a través del desarrollo del proceso docente, al comprobar el grado con el que se alcanzan los objetivos propuestos. El objetivo de la presente investigación es elaborar un manual de apoyo docente para la evaluación del aprendizaje mediante la utilización de medios de enseñanza. Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas durante los cursos escolares 2017 - 2018 a 2018 - 2019. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo y sistémico – estructural; y empíricos: análisis documental de los programas analíticos de las asignaturas que conforman la disciplina Enfermería y las orientaciones metodológicas, observación de clases, la encuesta a profesores y especialistas. Se evidenció que no existen orientaciones específicas en los programas analíticos de las asignaturas que integran la disciplina Enfermería para el desarrollo de la evaluación del aprendizaje mediante la utilización de medios de enseñanza; fueron detectadas insuficiencias en el proceso de evaluación del aprendizaje por los docentes empleo de métodos tradicionales y esquemáticos, falta de correspondencia de las preguntas, objetivos a evaluar y los niveles de asimilación y no se aprovechan las potencialidades de los medios de enseñanza para la evaluación del aprendizaje. Se elaboró un manual de apoyo docente que contribuye a solucionar las insuficiencias detectadas. El manual fue valorado por criterio de especialistas como pertinente, novedoso, útil y constituyó una herramienta valiosa para la autopreparación de los profesores y estimular el aprendizaje desarrollador en los estudiantes.The evaluation of learning is an essential part of the teaching-learning process that enables us to direct it, as well as the control and evaluation of the modes of action that students acquire through the development of the teaching process, when verifying the degree with the one that the proposed objectives are reached. The objective of this research is to develop a teaching support manual for the evaluation of learning through the use of teaching aids. A development research was carried out at the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences during the school years 2017 - 2018 to 2018 - 2019. Methods of the theoretical level were used: analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive and systemic-structural; and empirical: documentary analysis of the analytical programs of the subjects that make up the Nursing discipline and methodological guidelines, observation of classes, the survey of teachers and specialists. It was evident that there are no specific orientations in the analytical programs of the subjects that make up the Nursing discipline for the development of the evaluation of learning through the use of teaching means; insufficiencies in the learning evaluation process were detected by teachers using traditional and schematic methods, lack of correspondence of questions, objectives to be evaluated and levels of assimilation, and the potentialities of the teaching means for evaluating the learning. A teaching support manual was prepared to help solve the deficiencies detected. The manual was valued by specialist criteria as pertinent, novel, useful and was a valuable tool for the self-preparation of teachers and stimulating developer learning in students

Compassion fatigue and burnout in healthcare facing of grief and death in hospital

Este artículo pretende identificar y analizar en la literatura la producción relacionada con la fatiga por compasión y el agotamiento psicológico presente en el personal sanitario que brinda atención y cuidado a personas durante los procesos de muerte y duelo de pacientes y sus familiares, respectivamente. Esta es una revisión integradora en las bases de datos JSTOR, ProQuest, Medline (vía PubMed), LILACS y Google Scholar en el periodo 2005-2018. La revisión permitió la identificación de tres cuerpos importantes de producción académica: trabajos de corte cualitativo que describen el fenómeno; los que desarrollan escalas y herramientas de medición del problema; y los que describen estrategias desarrolladas frente al mismo. En los contextos hospitalarios al personal de salud que acompaña a persona durante el proceso de muerte se le impide demostrar sentimientos y vivir el duelo por la pérdida de sus pacientes. Los trámites administrativos, la despersonalización sanitaria, el número de pacientes a cargo y la baja conciencia en relación con la muerte regulan de cierta forma lo acontecido, impidiendo que exista por parte del personal de salud descarga de sentimientos, llevándolos a presentar agotamiento psicológico y fatiga por compasión. Palabras clave: Agotamiento Profesional; Muerte; Duelo; Personal de SaludQ3To identify and analyze in the literature the production related to comparison fatigue and psychological exhaustion present in healthcare personnel who provide care and attention to people during the death and grief processes of patients and their families, respectively. Integrative review in the JSTOR, ProQuest, Medline (vía PubMed), LILACS y Google Scholar databases in the period 2005-2018. The review identified the identification of three important bodies of academic production: on the one hand, qualitative studies that describe the phenomenon, secondly, those that scale and measurement tools of the problem and finally those that analyze strategies developed against the same. In hospital settings, health personnel accompanying a person during the death process are prevented from showing feelings and mourning the loss of their patients. The administrative procedures, the depersonalization of health, the number of patients in charge and the low conscience in relation to death regulated in a certain way, what happened, preventing health personnel from unloading feelings, leading them to present psychological exhaustion and fatigue. out of compassion. Keywords: Professional Burnout; Death; Grief; Health Personnel.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-0557https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SH-SFzMAAAAJ&hl=eshttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000274801&lang=esRevista Internacional - Indexad

Inhibitory Effects of Antagonists of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) on Growth and Invasiveness of PC3 Human Prostate Cancer

New approaches are needed to the therapy of advanced prostate cancer. This study determined the effect of growth hormone- releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists, JMR-132 and JV-1-38 on growth of PC3 tumors as well as on angiogenesis and metastasis through the evaluation of various factors that contribute largely to the progression of prostate cancer. Human PC3 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The treatment with JMR-132 (10 ug/day) or JV-1-38 (20 ug/day) lasted 41 days. We also evaluated the effects of JMR-132 and JV-1-38 on proliferation, cell adhesion and migration in PC-3 cells in vitro. Several techniques (Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and zymography) were used to evaluate the expression levels of GHRH receptors and its splice variants, GHRH, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9, beta-catenin and E-cadherin. GHRH antagonists suppressed the proliferation of PC-3 cells in vitro and significantly inhibited growth of PC3 tumors. After treatment with these analogues, we found an increase in expression of GHRH receptor accompanied by a decrease of GHRH levels, a reduction in both VEGF and HIF-1alpha expression and in active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9, a significant increase in levels of membrane-associated ?-catenin and a significant decline in E-cadherin. These results support that the blockade of GHRH receptors can modulate elements involved in angiogenesis and metastasis. Consequently, GHRH antagonists could be considered as suitable candidates for therapeutic trials in the management of androgen-independent prostate cancer.Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaComunidad de MadridUniversidad de AlcaláMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovacio

Characterization of Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria isolates associated with loquat decline in Sapin, with description of Cylindrodendrum alicantinum sp. nov

[EN] Thirty-one loquat orchards (Eriobotrya japonica 'Algerie') with plants exhibiting decline symptoms were surveyed between 2004 and 2007 in the province of Alicante, Spain. Twenty-eight representative isolates with Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs recovered from affected roots were included in this study, with the objective to characterize them by means of phenotypical characterization, DNA analysis and pathogenicity tests. Dactylonectria alcacerensis, D. torresensis and Ilyonectria robusta were identified based on morphological and cultural characteristics as well as DNA sequence data for part of histone H3, with D. torresensis the most frequent species. All of them are reported for the first time on loquat, and I. robusta is reported for the first time in Spain. In addition, one species is newly described, Cylindrodendrum alicantinum. Pathogenicity tests with representative isolates showed that these species were able to induce typical root rot disease symptoms, affecting plant development or even leading to plant death. This research demonstrates the association of species belonging to the genera Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria with root rot of loquat and loquat decline in the province of Alicante (eastern Spain). This information should be considered for the improvement of the current management strategies against these soil-borne pathogens when establishing new loquat plantations or introducing new susceptible fruit crops in the region.We acknowledge Dr. L. Lombard and Prof. Dr. P.W. Crous (CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, The Netherlands) for valuable discussions and data sharing. This work was funded by the Cooperativa Agricola de Callosa d'En Sarria (Alicante, Spain). We would like to thank E. Soler for their technical assistance.Agustí Brisach, C.; Cabral, A.; González Domínguez, E.; Perez Y Sierra, AM.; León Santana, M.; Abad Campos, MP.; García Jiménez, J.... (2016). Characterization of Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria isolates associated with loquat decline in Sapin, with description of Cylindrodendrum alicantinum sp. nov. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY. 145(1):103-118. doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0820-7S1031181451Agustí-Brisach, C., & Armengol, J. (2013). Black-foot disease of grapevine: an update on taxonomy, epidemiology and management strategies. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 52, 245–261.Agustí-Brisach, C., Gramaje, D., García-Jiménez, J., & Armengol, J. (2013a). Detection of Ilyonectria spp. in the grapevine nursery propagation process in Spain. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 137, 103–112.Agustí-Brisach, C., Gramaje, D., García-Jiménez, J., & Armengol, J. (2013b). Detection of black-foot and Petri disease pathogens in natural soils of grapevine nurseries and vineyards using bait plants. Plant and Soil, 364, 5–13.Aiello, D., Guarnaccia, V., Vitale, A., Cirvilleri, G., Granata, G., Epifani, F., Perrone, G., Polizzi, G., Groenewald, J. Z., & Crous, P. W. (2014). Ilyonectria palmarum sp. nov. causing dry basal stem rot of Arecaceae. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 138, 347–359.Booth, C. D. (1966). The genus Cylindrocarpon. Mycological Papers (CMI), 104, 1–56.Brayford, D. (1993). Cylindrocarpon. In L. L. Singleton, J. D. Mihail, & C. M. Rush (Eds.), Methods for research on soilborne phytopathogenic fungi (pp. 103–106). St. Paul: APS Press.Cabral, A., Groenewald, J. Z., Rego, C., Oliveira, H., & Crous, P. W. (2012a). Cylindrocarpon root rot: multi-gene analysis reveals novel species within the Ilyonectria radicicola species complex. Mycological Progress, 11, 655–688.Cabral, A., Rego, C., Nascimento, T., Oliveira, H., Groenewald, J. Z., & Crous, P. W. (2012b). Multi-gene analysis and morphology reveal novel Ilyonectria species associated with black foot disease of grapevines. Fungal Biology, 116, 62–80.Calabrese, F. (2006). Origen de la especie. In M. Agustí, C. Reig, & P. Undurraga (Eds.), El cultivo del níspero japonés. España: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile and Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.Chaverri, P., Salgado, C., Hirooka, Y., Rossman, A. Y., & Samuels, G. J. (2011). Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs. Studies in Mycology, 68, 57–78.Crous, P. W., Gams, W., Stalpers, J. A., Robert, V., & Stegehuis, G. (2004a). MycoBank: an online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st century. Studies in Mycology, 50, 19–22.Crous, P. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Risede, J. M., & Hywel-Jones, N. L. (2004b). Calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs: species with sphaeropedunculate vesicles. Studies in Mycology, 50, 415–429.Crous, P.W., Verkleij, G.J.M., Groenewald, J.Z., Samson, R.A. (Eds.) (2009). Fungal biodiversity. CBS laboratory manual series 1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht.Dhingra, O. D., & Sinclair, J. B. (1995). Basic plant pathology methods (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.Erper, I., Agustí-Brisach, C., Tunali, B., & Armengol, J. (2013). Characterization of root rot disease of kiwifruit in the Black Sea region of Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 136, 291–300.Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783–791.Gardes, M., & Bruns, T. D. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basiodiomycetes-applications to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology, 2, 113–118.Glass, N. L., & Donaldson, G. (1995). Development of primer sets designed for use with PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61, 1323–1330.González-Domínguez, E., Pérez-Sierra, A., Álvarez, L. A., Abad-Campos, P., Armengol, J., & García-Jiménez, J. (2008). Ethiology of decline of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) in eastern Spain. Journal of Plant Pathology, 90(2, supplement), 179.González-Domínguez, E., Pérez-Sierra, A., Álvarez, L. A., León, M., Abad-Campos, P., Armengol, J., & García-Jiménez, J. (2009). Agentes fúngicos presentes en plantaciones de nísperos (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) con síntomas de decaimiento en la provincia de Alicante. Boletín Sanidad Vegetal Plagas, 35, 453–467.González-Domínguez, E., Rossi, V., Armengol, J., & García-Jiménez, J. (2013). Effect of environmental factors on mycelial growth and conidial germination of Fusicladium eriobotryae, and the infection of loquat leaves. Plant Disease, 97, 1331–1338.González-Domínguez, E., Armengol, J., & Rossi, V. (2014). Development and validation of a weather-based model for predicting infection of loquat fruit by Fusicladium eriobotryae. Plos One, 9, e107547.Halleen, F., Schroers, H. J., Groenewald, J. Z., & Crous, P. W. (2004). Novel species of Cylindrocarpon (Neonectria) and Campylocarpon gen. nov. associated with black-foot disease of grapevines (Vitis spp). Studies in Mycology, 50, 431–455.Halleen, F., Fourie, P. H., & Crous, P. W. (2006). A review of black-foot disease of grapevine. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 45, S55–S67.Janick, J. (2011). Predictions for loquat improvement in the next decade. Acta Horticulturae, 887, 25–30.Larkin, M. A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N. P., Chenna, R., McGettigan, P. A., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I. M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., & Higgins, D. G. (2007). Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23, 2947–2948.Lin, S. Q. (2007). World loquat production and research with special reference to China. Acta Horticulturae, 750, 37–44.Lombard, L., Van der Merwe, N. A., Groenewald, J. Z., & Crous, P. W. (2014). Lineages in Nectriaceae: Re-evaluating the generic status of Ilyonectria and allied genera. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 53, 515–532.Nirenberg, H. (1976). Untersuchungen über die morphologische und biologische Differenzierung in der Fusarium-Sektion Liseola. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, 169, 1–117.O’Donnell, K., & Cigelnik, E. (1997). Two divergent intragenomic rDNA ITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are nonorthologous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 7, 103–116.Petit, E., & Gubler, W. D. (2005). Characterization of Cylindrocarpon species, the cause of black foot disease of grapevine in California. Plant Disease, 89, 1051–1059.Rayner, R. W. (1970). A mycological colour chart. Kew: British Mycological Society and CAB International Mycological Institute.Read, N. D., Lichius, A., Shoji, J. Y., & Goryachev, A. B. (2009). Self-signalling and self-fusion in filamentous fungi. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 12, 608–615.Reig, C., Farina, V., Volpe, G., Mesejo, C., Martínez-Fuentes, A., Barone, F., Calabrese, F., & Agustí, M. (2012). Giberellic acid and flower bud development in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Scientia Horticulturae, 129, 27–31.Samuels, G. J., & Brayford, D. (1990). Variation in Nectria radicicola and its anamorph, Cylindrocarpon destructans. Mycological Research, 94, 433–442.Sánchez-Hernández, M. E., Ruiz-Dávila, A., Pérez de Algaba, A., Blanco-López, M. A., & Trapero-Casas, A. (1998). Occurrence and etiology of death of young olive tres in southern Spain. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104, 347–357.Sánchez-Torres, P., Hinarejos, R., & Tuset, J. J. (2009). Characterization and pathogenicity of Fusicladium eriobotryae, the fungal pathogen responsible for loquat scab. Plant Disease, 93, 1151–1157.Schroers, H. J., Zerjav, M., Munda, A., Halleen, F., & Crous, P. W. (2008). Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum sp. nov., with notes on Cylindrocarpon species with wide, predominantly 3-septate macroconidia. Mycological Research, 112, 82–92.Soler, E., Martínez-Calvo, J., Llácer, G., & Badenes, M. L. (2007). Loquat in Spain: production and marketing. Acta Horticulturae, 750, 45–47.Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., & Kumar, S. (2013). MEGA6: molecular evolutionary 16 genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 2725–2729.Tewoldemedhin, Y. T., Mazzola, M., Mostert, L., & McLeod, A. (2011). Cylindrocarpon species associated with apple tree roots in South Africa and their quantification using real-time PCR. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 129, 637–651.Vitale, A., Aiello, D., Guarnaccia, V., Perrone, G., Stea, G., & Polizzi, G. (2012). First report of root rot caused by Ilyonectria (=Neonectria) macrodidyma on avocado (Persea americana) in Italy. Journal of Phytopathology, 160, 156–159.Zhuang, W. Y., Nong, Y., & Luo, J. (2007). New species and new Chinese records of Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) from Hubei, China. Fungal Diversity, 24, 347–357

Misión Científica del Satélite Morazán: Integración regional a través de la cooperación espacial para el monitoreo del riesgo hidrometeorológico en cuencas hidrográficas centroamericanas

Este trabajo aborda el diseño metodológico de la Misión Científica del Proyecto Morazán, el cual busca poner en órbita el primer satélite colaborativo de la región centroamericana. A través del caso de estudio de la cuenca piloto del río Matina (Costa Rica), se explica el proceso geoestadístico para la creación de un Índice de Riesgo de Inundación, así como la elaboración de productos cartográficos que orienten la selección de comunidades prioritarias a monitorear y la identificación de zonas estratégicas para colocar sensores en campo. Dicha metodología será replicada en la cuenca del río Ulúa (Honduras) y en la cuenca del río Samalá (Guatemala). El satélite Morazán representa una prueba de concepto innovadora por su doble propósito en materia de transmisión de datos y como sistema de comunicación en situaciones de emergencia. Así, de cara al bicentenario, el Proyecto Morazán busca fomentar la integración regional a través de la cooperación científica

Regulation of TSHR expression in the thyroid and thymus may contribute to TSHR tolerance failure in graves’ disease patients via two distinct mechanisms

Graves’ disease; TSHR; ToleranceMalaltia de Graves; TSHR; TolerànciaEnfermedad de Graves; TSHR; ToleranciaGraves' disease (GD) involves the presence of agonistic auto-antibodies against the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), which are responsible for the clinical symptoms. While failure of TSHR tolerance is central to GD pathogenesis, the process leading to this failure remains poorly understood. Two mechanisms intimately linked to tolerance have been proposed to explain the association of SNPs located in TSHR intron 1 to GD: (1) differential alternative splicing in the thyroid; and (2) modulation of expression in the thymus. To elucidate the relative contribution to these two mechanisms to GD pathogenesis, we analyzed the level of full-length and ST4 and ST5 isoform expression in the thyroid (n = 49) and thymus (n = 39) glands, and the influence of intron 1-associated SNPs on such expression. The results show that: (1) the level of flTSHR and ST4 expression in the thymus was unexpectedly high (20% that of the thyroid); (2) while flTSHR is the predominant isoform, the levels are similar to ST4 (ratio flTSHR/ST4 = 1.34 in the thyroid and ratio flTSHR/ST4 in the thymus = 1.93); (3) next-generation sequencing confirmed the effect of the TSHR intron 1 polymorphism on TSHR expression in the thymus with a bias of 1.5 ± 0.2 overexpression of the protective allele in the thymus compared to the thyroid; (4) GD-associated intron 1 SNPs did not influence TSHR alternative splicing of ST4 and ST5 in the thyroid and thymus; and (5) three-color confocal imaging showed that TSHR is associated with both thymocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the thymus. Our findings confirm the effect of intron 1 polymorphisms on thymic TSHR expression and we present evidence against an effect on the relative expression of isoforms. The high level of ST4 expression in the thymus and its distribution within the tissue suggest that this would most likely be the isoform that induces central tolerance to TSHR thus omitting most of the hinge and transmembrane portion. The lack of central tolerance to a large portion of TSHR may explain the relatively high frequency of autoimmunity related to TSHR and its clinical consequence, GD.This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grants PI14/00848, and PI17/00324, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). DÁ-S is in recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)

The Role of Exosomes Derived From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Dermatology

This study has been funded by the Carlos III Health Institute of Spain through the PI13/02576 and PI17/02083 projects [cofunded by European Regional Development Fund "A way to make Europe" and Andalusian Regional Government Finance (SAS PI-0458-2016)]. The work of MQ-V was supported by a predoctoral fellowship (BOE 22/10/2019) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. This study is part of her doctoral research in the Biomedicine program at the University of Granada.The skin is the largest organ of the human body and its main functions include providing protection from external harmful agents, regulating body temperature, and homeostatic maintenance. Skin injuries can damage this important barrier and its functions so research focuses on approaches to accelerate wound healing and treat inflammatory skin diseases. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been reported to play a significant role in skin repair and regeneration. However, it seems that the secretome of these cells and exosomes in particular may be responsible for their functions in skin regeneration and the immunomodulation field. The present review aims to gather the available information about the role of MSC-derived exosomes for both in vitro and in vivo models of different skin conditions and to highlight the need for further research in order to overcome any limitations for clinical translation.Carlos III Health Institute of Spain [European Regional Development Fund "A way to make Europe"] PI13/02576 PI17/02083Carlos III Health Institute of Spain [Andalusian Regional Government Finance] PI13/02576 PI17/02083 SAS PI-0458-2016Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities BOE 22/10/201