Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Micropropagação de abacaxizeiro cv. Emepa 1 Micropropagation of pineapple, cv. Emepa 1

Realizou-se esse trabalho com o objetivo de desenvolver um protocolo de micropropagação para o abacaxizeiro cv. Emepa 1, contemplando as fases de estabelecimento de explantes (EE), multiplicação (UM) e enraizamento (EN). Como explantes se utilizaram gemas axilares, desinfestadas e inoculadas em meio MS sólido, contendo diferentes concentrações e combinações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e de ácido naftalenoacético (ANA). Todas as culturas foram mantidas em sala de crescimento com temperatura de 25 ± 5 °C e fotoperíodo de 16 h luz, a uma intensidade luminosa de 30 µmol m-2 s-1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos na fase EE, oito na fase MU e quatro na fase EN, dez repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída de um frasco contendo um broto. Concluiu-se que o estabelecimento de gemas axilares desta variedade de abacaxizeiro, pode ser realizado em meio de cultivo MS sem a adição de reguladores de crescimento; a multiplicação, em meio de cultura MS suplementado com 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP + 0,5 mg L-1 de ANA, enquanto a adição do ANA promove o enraizamento dos brotos.This work aimed to develop a micropropagation protocol of pineapple cv. Emepa 1. The cv. Emepa 1 axillary gems used were disinfested and inoculated in half MS solid with 5.8 pH. There was incubation in a growth room with temperature of 25 ± 5 °C and photoperiod of 16 h light at a luminous intensity of 30 mmol m-2 s-1. The cv. Emepa 1 micropropagation protocol was developed according to the existing literature, comprising the following phases: establishing of explants (EE); multiplication (MU); extent rooting (EN). A completely randomized design (CRD) was used in all the phases as follows: EE - DIC with 6 treatments comprised of 10 repetitions containing 1 explants per bottle; MU - CRD with 8 treatments, comprised of 10 repetitions containing 1 explants per bottle. It was concluded that the concentration of 2% of sodium hypochlorite for 10 min causes gems disinfestations and the establishment can be carried out by means of tillage without any growth regulators. The etiolating can be achieved in MS with 1.86 mg L-1 of ANA and regeneration in MS with 1.8 mg L-1 of the ANa+ 2.0 mg L-1 of BAP. For the multiplication, the type of tillage indicated is MS supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 of BAP + 0.5 mg L-1 of ANA; in extent, the type of crop MS without any dilution causes the highest growth of seedlings whereas the addition of ANA prompts an increase in number and a decrease of seedling's root size and the organic compound favors an increase and development of pineapple seedlings produced in vitro during the acclimatizing phase

Rhinosinusitis: evidence and experience: October 18 and 19, 2013 - São Paulo

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