Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Translation Templates’ acquisition based on Partial parsing

传统的EBMT(Example-BasedMachineTranslation，基于实例的机器翻译)方法是建立在大规模的实例库基础之上的，存在着精确匹配率不高，模糊匹配时产生译文质量较差等缺点。利用翻译模板可以有效的解决翻译实例的数据稀疏问题、简化实例库的规模并提高实例匹配的精确率。因此，本文提出了基于两级翻译模板的方法，提出了两级翻译模板的体系结构并给出了定义，给出了从句子对齐的双语语料库自动抽取两级翻译模板的方法，并设计了利用模板库进行模板匹配的算法。文中首先对机器翻译的重要技术尤其是基于EBMT的翻译方法进行了整理和分析，其次，概括了翻译模板提出的意义，提出了本文翻译模板的定义和研究策略...EBMT ( Example-Based Machine Translation) systems are based on large scale example corpus in traditional, having the defect of low precision of matching. Translation template can solve the problem of data sparsity , large storage space and low matching precision of examples. Therefore, this thesis proposes one method which automatically extracts bi-level translation templates from sentence-aligned...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院计算机科学系_计算机应用技术学号：2005130232

High-efficiency deflection of high-energy negative particles through axial channeling in a bent crystal

Deflection due to axial channeling in a silicon crystal bent along the [111] axis was observed for 150 GeV/c negative particles, mainly π− mesons, at one of the secondary beams of the CERN SPS. The whole beam was deflected to one side with the efficiency of about 90% and with the peak position at the bend crystal angle α=43 μrad. The deflection occurs mainly due to doughnut scattering of above-barrier particles by the atomic strings of the crystal. However, due to a high probability of particle recapture into bound states with the atomic strings their contribution to the deflection should be about 15% for our case according to simulation results