Surival of remote set seed of the clam Paphia malabarica : Effect of continued submergence and short term exposures to salinity variations

Globally clam mariculture is a very popular aquaculture activity. The seed for farming to a great extent comes from the natural bed but in many countries the hatchery produced clam seed is farmed. Most farmers also have adopted the convenient technique of remote setting the seed. Remote setting is the technique of setting the pediveliger larvae produced in hatcheries at sites away from the hatchery usually near the farm site. Paphia malabarica commonly known as the yellow foot clam or textile clam is an important resource and supports a commercial fishery in their places of occurrence. In the present experiment pediveliger larvae of P. malabarica produced in the hatchery of CMFRI at Tuticorin were remote set at the Calicut Marine hatchery complex after a transit period of 26 hrs. They were reared in the hatchery and before transferring these clams to the field two sets of experiments mainly to i) evaluate the effect of continued exposure to different salinities ranging from 0 to 35 ppt and ii) evaluate 10,15,20, and 25 ppt and subsequent revival in ambient salinity of 35 ppt were conducted to understand their tolerance to variations in salinity

Glycerol valorization: dehydration to acrolein over silica-supported niobia catalysts

The catalytic dehydration of glycerol to acrolein is investigated over silica-supported niobia catalysts in a continuous fixed-bed gas-phase reactor. Various supported niobia catalysts are prepared and characterized using surface analysis and spectroscopic methods (XRD, UV–Vis, XPS, N2 adsorption), as well as with ammonia adsorption microcalorimetry. Good results are obtained with initial glycerol conversions of over 70% and with 50–70% selectivity to acrolein. We investigate the influence of changing the catalyst acid strength by varying the niobia content and catalyst calcination temperature. Glycerol conversion and acrolein selectivity depend on the surface acid strength. Catalyst deactivation by coking is also observed, but simple oxidative treatment in air restores the activity of the catalysts completely

Acid-base properties of Cu<SUB>1-x</SUB>Co<SUB>x</SUB>Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> ferrospinels: FTIR investigations

Systematic IR spectroscopic studies were undertaken to investigate the acid-base properties of Cu-Co ferrospinels Cu1-xCoxFe2O4 (x=0 to 1) employed in phenol methylation to produce 2,6-xylenol. The IR spectra of the ferrospinels reveal that Fe3+ and Co2+ ions are mainly responsible for the various hydroxy groups on the surface. Temperature dependent IR studies of pyridine adsorbed on spinels and on the spinel phase with deliberately added metal oxide exemplify the contribution of the metal ions and their coordination state towards Lewis acidity. IR studies of the spinel surface with adsorbed CO2 and adsorption studies of electron acceptors such as 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1-4-benzoquinone and p-dinitrobenzene were carried out to evaluate the nature of the basic sites and the strength and distribution of the electron donor sites present on the spinel surface. It was found that the acidity (basicity) of the Cu1-xCoxFe2O4 spinel system increases (decreases) from x=0 to 1. A correlation between acidity, basicity and catalytic performance reveals that an intermediate acid-base character enhances the phenol methylation activity

Enhancing CO2 plasma conversion using metal grid catalysts

The synergy between catalysis and plasma chemistry often enhances the yield of chemical reactions in plasma-driven reactors. In the case of CO2 splitting into CO and O2, no positive synergistic effect was observed in earlier studies with plasma reactors, except for dielectric barrier discharges, that do not have a high yield and a high efficiency. Here, we demonstrate that introducing metal meshes into radio frequency-driven plasma reactors increases the relative reaction yield by 20%–50%, while supported metal oxide catalysts in the same setups have no effect. We attribute this to the double role of the metal mesh, which acts both as a catalyst for direct CO2 dissociation as well as for oxygen recombination.</p

Stock assessment of Bombayduck Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) from Gujarat coast using non-equilibrium production model

Bombayduck Harpadon nehereus, harvested mainly by dol nets (stationary bag nets), has been a prolific fishery in the northern region of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Biomass and maximum sustainable yield (MSY) estimates for the Bombayduck stock in the Saurashtra region were obtained from a non-equilibrium surplus production model approach utilising catch per unit effort (CPUE) time series derived from fish landing data. Fox model was found to be the most appropriate defining model and the results demonstrated that the stock is currently being overexploited

Relating minimum legal size with optimum exploitation pattern in Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii a along eastern Arabian seaRelating minimum legal size with optimum exploitation pattern in Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii a along eastern Arabian sea

C ephalopods comprising of squids, cuttlefishes and octopus account for nearly 6% of marine fish landings in India. Squids with annual yields fluctuating between 77,241 and 1,00,014 t (2010-15) are mainly caught by trawlers along the eastern Arabian sea, bordering the west coast of India. The lndian squid, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii distributed in the shelf waters support the largest squid fishery in the country. Juvenile Indian squid predominantly under the minimum legal size (MLS) of 8 cm are landed in trawl seasonally. The length-cohort analysis was carried out in this study to assess the stock and mortality rates of U. (P.) duvaucelii population along west coast of India

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.Peer reviewe

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly