Hydrogeology and Chemical Characterization of Hydrocarbon in Domestic Water Wells, Rancho Villa Subdivision, Rogers, Arkansas

This project is centered on the Rancho Villa community in Rogers, Arkansas where several residents have had hydrocarbon contamination in their domestic water wells. The goal of this project was to understand the hydrogeology in the study area, characterize the contaminant chemically, and determine the source of the contaminant. The hydrogeology of the area was determined from previous theses. Seventeen samples were taken from the wells in the Rancho Villa community; each sample was analyzed for geochemical parameters and by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for organic compounds analysis. Four of the 17 samples had a visible non-aqueous layer of hydrocarbon on top of the water. Qualitative analyses of the GC chromatograms for the hydrocarbon samples indicate the presence of abundant gasoline and diesel range n-alkanes. Synthetic fuel additives also were detected in the samples. These findings suggest the contamination is from a fuel spill and is not naturally occurring. The carbonate aquifer in the study area is karstified, with anisotropic flow. The contaminant has persisted in the area for the past six years and is localized in the Rancho Villa community. No reported spill sites are near the community, and no possible physical sources have been identified. The study area is located on the up thrown block of a normal fault; stress fractures associated with the normal fault are likely conduits for the contaminant, and allow focused migration of the hydrocarbon. The water samples with visible hydrocarbon had some emulsification, indicative of microbial degradation. The source of the contaminant was not determined; however this study is a foundation for further investigation in the area

A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect

We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result (d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect (d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.</p

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

ARV Therapy in Adults & Adolescents

This resource summarizes critical information regarding antiretroviral agents approved for use in adults and adolescents such as adult dosing (including renal dosing recommendations), available dosage forms, side effects, and important patient (pt) counseling points. Unless otherwise noted, information is adapted from the Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents Living with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services

Opportunistic Infections (OIs) in HIV/AIDS

This resource summarizes the guidelines for prevention and treatment of selected opportunistic infections (OIs). Unless otherwise indicated, information is adapted from Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Scaling Up Ostracism: A Theory of Institutional Ostracism

Historically, social psychologists have focused on defining and exploring the effects of interpersonal ostracism, occurring when individuals feel excluded, rejected, or ignored by an individual or specific group of people. Here, we define what we have called institutional ostracism wherein people feel ignored, excluded, or rejected by an institution through cues in the environment, such as policies and structures. We start by considering the existing literature on ostracism, synthesizing and integrating respected and well-supported theoretical frameworks (i.e., temporal need-threat model). We propose a distinction between interpersonal and institutional ostracism along a new taxonomic dimension of interaction type, with subcomponents of interpersonal ostracism and the addition of institutional ostracism. Finally, we discuss how this theoretical perspective can expand understanding of ostracism and articulate convergence and divergence with institutional discrimination. We conclude with a call to action for research to study institutional ostracism, in the hopes of understanding a frequently-experienced phenomenon

Model Runs

Files containing estimates of model parameters as MCMC chains. This component stores contents of the folder "data/model-runs/" as referenced in analysis scripts

Actions for Increasing the Credibility of Educational Research

The purpose of education research is to better understand educational phenomena to inform policy and improve practice. Forward progress within any field is based on the validity and credibility of that field’s research base - educators cannot make informed decisions based on anecdotal evidence, opaque research practices, or on studies that cannot be replicated. Educational research is plagued by the same challenges as a number of fields - publication bias, barriers to research access, and seminal theories that have failed to replicate. This symposium will share four research practices that can increase the replicability and credibility of educational science. Each will be presented in terms of benefits and challenges for the researcher, the journal editor, and the educational knowledge base in general