Frequency of cranial autonomic symptoms (cas) in migraine patients

Of all the painful states that afflict humans, headache is undoubtedly the most frequent and common reason for seeking medical help. Headache has over 300 different types and different etiologies; migraine is one of them and continues being an under diagnosed condition in many of cases as it can be accompanied by symptoms commonly associated with other causes of facial pain. Out of 28 million people in USA who have history of headache and symptoms which mimic the typical migraine only 48% are diagnosed of migraine

Economic and Cultural Relations Between Pakistan and the Soviet Union During Ayub Khan’s Period

This article deals with Pakistan and Soviet Union relationship from 1958 to 1969 during Ayub Khan’s regime. It highlights aspects of all events which were main obstacles among both countries relationship at that time. It also covers the following circumstances. What was the Ayub Khan’s policy in his early period and why did he give up soon and why did he make his foreign policy in the direction of Soviet Union? Firstly, from independence of Pakistan many Governments of Pakistan received many offers from Soviet Union for paid visit, but why did Ayub Khan visit Soviet Union three times in the land mark history of Pakistan? It also points out all the pacts which were made between Pakistan and Soviet Union and its role in the war of Indo-Pak 1965

A medicinal ginger, boesenbergia rotunda: from cell suspension cultures to protoplast derived callus

Boesenbergia rotunda is a medicinal ginger that has been found to contain several bioactive compounds such as boesenbergin A, panduratin A, cardamonin, pinostrobin and pinocembrin. These compounds are useful in treating various ailments, such as oral diseases, inflammation and have also been used as an aphrodisiac. In this study, an efficient protocol for developing and isolating protoplast cultures for B. rotunda has been established. Rhizome buds of B. rotunda were used as explants to initiate callus growth and the established cell suspension cultures were used to optimize their growth conditions. Our results indicated that embryogenic suspension cultures in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose produced the highest growth rate (μ = 0.1125), whereas no promotive effect was seen in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and those that underwent sonication treatment. Amount of protoplasts isolated ranging from 1-5 × 105 protoplast per mL were isolated using 0.25% (w/v) macerozyme and 1% (w/v) cellulase for 24 h under continuous agitation (50 rpm) in dark condition. Of the isolated protoplasts, 54.93% were viable according to fluorescein diacetate staining test. Micro-colonies were recovered in liquid MS medium containing 9 g/L mannitol, 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 4 weeks and subsequently transferred to solid MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP for callus initiation. The protoplast system established in this study would be useful for genetic manipulation and modern breeding program of B. rotunda

Thermodynamic and kinetic study of synthesised graphene oxide-CuO nanocomposites: A way forward to fuel additive and photocatalytic potentials

Rectangular shaped GO-CuO nanocomposites have gained special attention because of spectacular applications in wastewater treatment. However, due to a lack of research, the fuel additive properties of GO-CuO are still unreported. A proper synthesis and characterisation methods are necessary to investigate the fuel additive properties of GO-CuO. The present research demonstrates the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) sheets via modified Hummers' method. Further, GO-CuO nanohybrid was prepared by fast, cost-effective, and easy to handle solvothermal approach. The crystal data such as crystal structure, unit cell parameters, space groups, crystal system, and coordinates were explained via XRD analysis. Physical and combustion properties of fuel were analysed at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm) of diesel-GO-CuO blend for fuel quality parameters. The flash point and fire point of pure diesel oil were observed as 78 and 80 °C which were decreased to 50 and 58 °C, respectively, at 80 ppm concentration. With GO-CuO nanocomposites, the cloud point and pour point decrease until a temperature of −8 °C and − 19 °C, respectively, with a pronounced decrease in the viscosity up to 1.83 mm2/s. Further, the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Red (MR) dye is studied with the effect of changing H2O2, photocatalyst, and dye concentrations with time. Remarkably, the reaction kinetics and MR degradation of about 94% with sixth-time recyclability were observed. The results of this study showed improved MR degradation when using GO-CuO with H2O2. GO-CuO applications can be utilised to remove other dyes in future and to improve fuel quality parameters

Effect of decentralization on linkage among research, extension and farming community.

Research, extension and farmers are three main pillars of agriculture system and their effectiveness largely depends on strong linkage among each other. However, the existing research-extension-farmer relationship has not been effective in many parts of the developing world. The linkage problems thus cause disruptions in technology flow and lead to low adoption rates, increased time lags between development and adoption of new technology, reduced efficiency in the use of resources, unnecessary competition and duplication of efforts, and increased cost of agricultural research and extension activities. The present paper aims to asses the effect of decentralization on linkage among research, extension and farming community. The population of the study consisted of change agents and their supervisory staff working in Faisalabad district. The data were collected by using "survey" method. Majority (66.86%) of the respondents perceived the linkages between research and extension between average and strong categories. Majority (58.89%) of the respondents indicated under decentralized system that the extension had strong linkage with farming community. About one-fourth respondents were of the view that decentralized extension had no effect while 17.17% indicated negative effect of decentralization on linkage between research and extension. A good number (37.42%) of the respondents indicated no effect of decentralization on linkages between research and farming community. A majority (76.07%) of the respondents pointed out that the flow of information from extension to farming community has improved due to decentralization

Electrochemical production of sustainable hydrocarbon fuels from CO2 co-electrolysis in eutectic molten melts

Because of the heavy reliance of people on limited fossil fuels as energy resources, global warming has increased to severe levels because of huge CO2 emission into the atmosphere. To mitigate this situation, a green method is presented here for the conversion of CO2/H2O into sustainable hydrocarbon fuels via electrolysis in eutectic molten salts [(KCl-LiCl; 41:59 mol %), (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 mol %), (KOH-NaOH; 50:50 mol %), and (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3; 43.5:31.5:25 mol %)] under the conditions of 1.5-2 V and 225-475 °C depending on the molten electrolyte used. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS) techniques were employed to analyze the content of gaseous products. The electrolysis results in hydrocarbon production with maximum 59.30, 87.70, and 99% Faraday efficiencies in the case of molten chloride, molten hydroxide, and molten carbonate electrolytes under the temperatures of 375, 275, and 425 °C, respectively. GC with a flame-ionization detector and a thermal conductivity detector and GC-MS analysis confirmed that H2 and CH4 were the main products in the case of molten chlorides and hydroxides at an applied voltage of 2 V, while longer-chain hydrocarbons (>C1) were obtained only in molten carbonates at 1.5 V. In this way, electricity is transformed into chemical energy. The heating values obtained from the produced hydrocarbon fuels are satisfactory for further application. The practice of using molten salts could be a promising and encouraging technology for further fundamental investigation of sustainable hydrocarbon fuel formation with more product concentrations because of their fast electrolytic conversion rate without the use of a catalyst

Studies of structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of X-type Barium Zinc hexaferrite Ba2Zn2Fe28O46 powder prepared by combustion treatment method using ginger root extract as a green reducing agent

Various quantities of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root extract were used to prepare X-type Barium–Zinc hexaferrite with the chemical composition Ba2Zn2Fe28O46. The powders were prepared using a combustion treatment method, being pre-heated at 550 °C for 4 h with the ginger as a fuel, followed by final heating to 900 °C for 5 h and natural cooling to room temperature to obtain Ba2Zn2Fe28O46 hexagonal ferrite powder. The phase composition of heated powder samples was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), indicating the formation of a mixture of X-type and hematite (α-Fe2O3). Up to 82.6%, X-ferrite was formed at 900 °C with 52.5 g of ginger root extract. Dielectric analysis of the prepared samples shows the frequency-dependent phenomena. All samples were hard magnets, with coercivity values (HC) between 262.2 and 318.3 kA m−1, and squareness ratios > 0.5. The sample prepared with 52.5 g ginger root extract possesses the highest value of saturation magnetisation (MS = 33.87 Am2 kg−1) in comparison with the other prepared samples. Therefore, ginger was shown to be a useful natural plant extract as a reducing fuel for the low-temperature synthesis of X-ferrites. The sample prepared with 35 g ginger root extract shows a broad loss tangent resonance peak between 10 kHz and 100 kHz, while other samples show loss tangent resonance peaks between 300 kHz and 2 MHz frequency range.publishe

Evaluación de concentraciones de macrominerales en sangre de vacas Desi lactantes y secas

Objective. This study was conducted during winter season at rural livestock farm of district Sargodha, Pakistan, in order to define the macrominerals status in blood plasma of lactating and dry Desi breed cows. Material and methods. Twenty lactating and twenty dry cows were used and their blood plasma was analyzed for Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Fe using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results. In lactating cows, the plasma Ca concentration was lower than dry cows (6.8 vs. 7.6 mg/dl, p<0.001), while Mg concentration was similar between lactating and dry cows. Plasma Zn concentration in lactating cows was higher than dry cows (0.78 vs. 0.60mg/l, p<0.01) and it resulted lower than the normal range in both groups. Plasma Cu level in lactating cows was lower than dry cows (0.56 vs. 0.76 mg/L, p<0.001) and it was lower than the normal range only in lactating cows. Lactating cows resulted in higher plasma Fe concentration compared to dry cows (3.8 versus 2.6 mg/L; p<0.01). Conclusions. From our findings, it can be concluded that the observed minerals level meets the needs of ruminants and the plasma level of different minerals is affected by the physiological stages of cows.201

Improved flood mapping for efficient policy design by fusion of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-9 imagery to identify population and infrastructure exposed to floods

A reliable yet inexpensive tool for the estimation of flood water spread is conducive for efficient disaster management. The application of optical and SAR imagery in tandem provides a means of extended availability and enhanced reliability of flood mapping. We propose a methodology to merge these two types of imagery into a common data space and demonstrate its use in the identification of affected populations and infrastructure for the 2022 floods in Pakistan. The merging of optical and SAR data provides us with improved observations in cloud-prone regions; that is then used to gain additional insights into flood mapping applications. The use of open source datasets from WorldPop and OSM for population and roads respectively makes the exercise globally replicable. The integration of flood maps with spatial data on population and infrastructure facilitates informed policy design. We have shown that within the top five flood-affected districts in Sindh province, Pakistan, the affected population accounts for 31 %, while the length of affected roads measures 1410.25 km out of a total of 7537.96 km.Comment: IEEE IGARSS 202