PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MENUMBUHKAN NILAI-NILAI TOLERANSI BERAGAMA SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 1 NGUNUT TULUNGAGUNG

Skripsi dengan judul “Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Menumbuhkan Nilai-Nilai Toleransi Beragama Siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Ngunut Tulungagung” ini ditulis oleh Vitria Ulfana Putri, NIM.2811133271, dengan pembimbing Drs. H. Muh. Kharis M.Pd Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya fenomena bahwa zaman sekarang ini semakin tingginya sikap intoleransi keberagamaan. Sehingga dalam hal ini peneliti menghubungkan dengan peran guru Pendidikan Agama Islam SMP Negeri 1 Ngunut dalam menumbuhkan sikap toleransi beragama di lingkungan sekolah yang mana diketahui bahwa terdapat siswa dengan latar belakang agama yang berbeda diantaranya Islam, Kristen, Khatolik, dan Budha yang menimba ilmu disekolah yang sama bahkan dikelas yang sama. Oleh sebab itu perlunya sikap toleransi beragama diantara para siswa dengan tujuan agar suasana belajar berjalan kondusif dan terjalin kerukunan antar siswa beda. Fokus penelitian dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah (1) Bagaimana peran guru Pendidikan Agama Islam sebagai educator dalam menumbuhkan nilai-nilai toleransi beragama siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Ngunut? (2) Bagaimana peran guru Pendidikan Agama Islam sebagai motivator dalam menumbuhkan nilai-nilai toleransi beragama siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Ngunut? (3) Bagaimana peran guru Pendidikan Agama Islam sebagai fasilitator dalam menumbuhkan nilai-nilai toleransi beragama siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Ngunut? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam sebagai edukator dalam menumbuhkan nilai-nilai toleransi beragama siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Ngunut Tulungagung yaitu dengan menjadi teladan dan role model dalam menjaga kerukunan antar umat beragama. Membentuk kepribadian siswa untuk lebih bisa menerima perbedaan agama dengan memberikan pemahaman tentang ketahuidan. Membimbing dan mengarahkan siswa menjadi manusia sosial. Dan membangkitkan pandangan yang berbeda kepada siswa muslim dengan melihat perbedaan agama sebagai alat meningkatkan keimanan. (2) Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam sebagai motivator dalam menumbuhkan nilai-nilai toleransi beragama siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Ngunut Tulungagung yaitu dengan bertindak sebagai pembawa cerita dengan menceritakan kisah Nabi dalam bertoleransi antar umat beragama. Mengajak dan memberi dukungan yang menjadi penyemangat dalam menumbuhkan nilai toleransi beragama. Memupuk gotong royong dan kerja sama antar umat beragama. (3) Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam sebagai fasilitator dalam menumbuhkan nilai-nilai toleransi beragama siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Ngunut Tulungagung yaitu dengan menyediakan waktu untuk siswa. Menghadapkan siswa pada problem yang berkaitan dengan toleransi beragama. Menyediakan kondisi dan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk menumbuhkan toleransi kepada umat agama lain dengan kegiatan keagamaa

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Eco-evolutionary dynamics in plants: interactive processes at overlapping time-scales and their implications

Evolution can happen rapidly and frequently. This realization has motivated a rethinking of ecological and evolutionary time-scales and their overlap, and stimulated research on processes at their interface. This premise lays at the heart of eco-evolutionary dynamics, a relatively recent field redeveloping how we conceive of ecological and evolutionary processes. Classical evolutionary theory and empirical evidence has generally supported a gradualist view of evolution as occurring on much longer time-scales than ecological processes. The systematic documentation of rapid evolution beginning in the 1970s served as a catalyst to question this basic assumption. The commonness of rapid evolution suggests that ecological and evolutionary processes often occur at the same time-scale, which may allow them to interact. As a new field, eco-evolutionary dynamics faces some important challenges. First, the field is primarily driven by theoretical research and empirical work on organisms with simple, short life cycles, typically animals, and mostly performed under controlled conditions. Secondly, it is unclear whether interactions between ecology and evolution are driven through a few common mechanisms, or whether all interactions are context dependent. Thirdly, there is a lack of eco-evolutionary research at higher organizational levels (e.g. ecosystem and landscape), although it is at those levels that the impact of evolution on our greatest conservation challenges may be most acute. Finally, it remains unclear how genetic diversity impacts eco-evolutionary dynamics, although the strong relationships between additive genetic variance, fitness and the speed of evolution suggest that it is important. Summary. This Special Feature includes five research manuscripts expanding our knowledge of eco-evolutionary dynamics in plants and the organisms they interact with. Its contributors address the aforementioned challenges outlined above, ranging from demonstrating the impacts of genetic variation on plant and herbivore populations, to exploring the role of density in the evolution of plant life-history traits and to documenting genetic covariation among co-occurring communities. This Special Feature highlights the cutting-edge exploration of the dynamic effects of interacting ecological and evolutionary processes, including the potential for complex life histories to influence eco-evolutionary interactions, for common mechanisms to underlie most eco-evolutionary dynamics, for evolution to impact higher organizational levels and for genetic changes to cascade through communities

Tulasnellaceae_58s

Alignment of Tulasnellaceae 5.8S used for inferring the phylogeny. The file is in PHYLIP format

Appendix F. Decomposition of LTRE conributions to Δλ in cohort 4.

Decomposition of LTRE conributions to Δλ in cohort 4

Appendix B. Details of vital rate estimation, matrix construction, and LTRE analysis.

Details of vital rate estimation, matrix construction, and LTRE analysis

Tulasnellaceae_ITS

Alignment of Tulasnellaceae sequences spanning ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 used in analysis of molecular variation. The alignment is in FASTA format

Sebacinales_58s

Alignment of Sebacinales 5.8S used for inferring phylogeny. The file is in phylip format