Integration of Hybrid Passive Optical Networks (PON) with Radio over Fiber (RoF)

A cost effective, robust, and high capacity access network necessitated to meet the mounting customer demands for bandwidth-desirous services. A remarkable evolution of access networks is observed both in wired and wireless, predominantly driven by ever-changing bandwidth requirements. A wireless connection releases the end user from the restrictions of a physical link to a network that results in mobility, flexibleness, and ease of use. Whereas, optical networks offer immense amount of bandwidth that appease the most bandwidth voracious customers compared to bandwidth limited wireless networks. The integration of wired and wireless domains in the access landscape that presents a technical analysis of optical architectures suitable to support radio over fiber (RoF) is the objective of this chapter. Investigate the main trends that drive the merger of fiber and wireless technologies in access networks. Moreover, study the primary terms and the particular transmission features of integrated fiber-radio links to form a well-defined classification of hybrid systems and techniques. This work also recognizes the major problems for realization of RoF systems and examines the limitation, advantages, and diversity of integrated RoF-PON technology

Perbedaan Manajemen Laba Antara Bank Syariah Dan Bank Konvensional

Manajemen Laba (earning management) merupakan tindakan manajemen untuk mengintervensi atau memengaruhi informasi-informasi dalam laporan keuangan dengan tujuan untuk membuat laba perusahaan agar terlihat lebih bagus. Perbankan syariah mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda dengan perbankan konvensional terutama dalam menjalankan praktik manajemen laba. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan manajemen laba Bank Umum Syariah dan Bank Konvensional. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu semua Bank Syariah dan Bank Konvensional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Data yang dipakai adalah laporan keuangan dari 12 bank umum syariah dan 20 bank konvensional selama tahun 2014 dan 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat uji independent sample T –Test pada nilai discretionary accrual. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian bank umum syariah dan bank konvensional menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan manajemen laba pada Konvensional (Bank Umum) dan rasio Bank Umum Syariah (BUS)

Microclimatic Conditions of an Urban Square: Role of Built Environment and Geometry

AbstractGeometry plays a dominant role in thermal situations within city structures. This study aims to seek how this role affects thermal comfort of the visitors in an urban square. Computer simulations were performed along with physical measurements in an urban square during peak hot conditions of summer in Isfahan, Iran. In addition to the influence of built environment inside the square, the results confirmed the role of geometry on thermal conditions. The amelioration effect for the aspect ratio was higher than that of the orientation. Findings are useful for urban design strategies dealing with thermal comfort

Reading Comprehension Problems among First and Second Year EFL Students at Shaikh Zayed University in Afghanistan

It is obviously clear that strong reading comprehension has a significant influence on students’ success at university. This study aims to investigate reading comprehension problems among first and second year EFL students at Shaikh Zayed University in Afghanistan. Fifty EFL first and second year students from the Department of English participated in the survey. The study used a random sampling design of a quantitative approach. The data were gathered through a five-point Likert scale style questionnaire adopted from Abu Abeeleh, Al-Ghazo, and Al-Sobh (2021). The data were analyzed through SPSS V.23 software to calculate the descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage and mean score. The results indicated that great majority of respondents agreed on the reading comprehension problems. Students had problems in understanding the meaning of new words, feeling anxious and upset were also their problems when they read something in English and cannot understand it. Identifying the aim, no confident, extraction of main and detailed ideas from the text also hindered reading comprehension. Understanding the text\u27s overall meaning and translating every word individually, summarizing the main ideas, distinguishing between the main idea and supporting ideas and stressed were their major reading comprehension problems as well. The findings of the study are essential for English language professors in Afghan EFL classrooms in responding to the problem above. This study proposes that students should be taught reading comprehension strategies such as skimming, scanning, making inferences, looking for main idea, making predictions, improving vocabulary, etc

A parallel controller implementation for dynamic resource allocation in virtualized computing environment

The ability to dynamically allocate system resources in a large scale distributed system is highly desirable. Dynamically allocating system resources can significantly reduce under-utilization of system resources and reduce the power consumed by the servers. Since typical enterprise computing systems consist of hundreds of servers, it is almost impossible to manually reconfigure each system parameter for optimal performance. Prior work has shown that by posing the dynamic resource provisioning problem as one of sequential optimization, we can dynamically allocate system resources for optimal performance in a dynamic operating environment. However, a single threaded implementation of this control technique does not scale well with increasing system size. Therefore, this thesis develops a parallel controller implementation for dynamic resource allocation using the OpenMP interface. We analyze the performance of this controller in a virtualized computing environment, and show that dynamic resource allocation can lead to an average of 30% savings in energy consumption, over an uncontrolled system. Parallelizing the controller also significantly reduces its execution time overhead, by as much as 263%, a compared to single threaded implementation.M.S., Computer Engineering -- Drexel University, 200

Manajemen organisasi santri pondok pesantren : Penelitian di Pesantren Al-Falah II

Dalam setiap organisasi harus dapat menerapkan sistem manajemen, supaya kegiatan menjadi efektif dan efesien. Organisasi Santri Pesantren Al-Falah II merupakan salah satu yang dari beberapa pesantren yang memiliki kualitas dan kuantitas yang baik dan memiliki organisasi santri. Akan tetapi, dalam organisasi santri Al-Falah II belum menerapkan sistem manajemen. Hal itu dapat di lihat dari kriteria pemilihan pemimpin. Kriteria pemimpin santri Al-Falah II, hanya mengacu terhadap keilmuan agama bukan mengolaborasikan ilmu agama dan manajemen. Dalam pesantren terdapat santri dan organisasi yang harus dikontrol melalui manajemen. Organisasi yang baik merupakan organisasi yang menggunakan sistem manajemen. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui latar alamiah, perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan, serta faktor penunjang dan penghambat manajemen organisasi santri pondok Pesantren Al-Falah II serta hasil dari manajemen organisasi santri Al-Falah II. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada pemikiran bahwa manajemen organisasi santri yang baik dapat memengaruhi kualitas para santri. Untuk bisa mengidentifikasi suatu manajemen organisasi santri dapat dilihat dari latar belakang organisasi, perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan, serta faktor penunjang dan penghambat dari manajemen organisasi santri tersebut. Dengan demikian, hasil dari manajemen organisasi santri dapat teramati. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan teknik menyalin dokumen atau dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan kategorisasi data dan penafsiran data. Adapun uji absah data dilaksanakan dengan perpanjang keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamatan, cek teman sejawat, analisis kasus negatif, kecukupan referensi, uraian rinci dan auditing. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa, (1) Latar Alamiah,(2) Perencanaan organisasi santri Al-Falah II dilakukan secara musyawarah dengan para Asatidz, Asatidzah dan pengasuh, (3) Pengorganisasian disusun oleh Rois Aam, untuk membantu keberjalanan organisasi santri dengan memperhatikan kemampuan santri, (4) Pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan mengikuti program yang telah disepakati oleh Kabinet Rois Aam, (5) Pengawasan yaitu pengawasan perencanaan yaitu pengawasan saat rapat, pengawasan concurrent yaitu pengawasan yang dilakukan saat acara sedang berlangsung, dan pengawasan umpan balik yaitu pengawasan berupa evaluasi oleh koordinator tiap bidang untuk menilai hasil dan kekurangan acara yang berjalan, (6) Faktor penunjang lingkungan asrama yang berjauhan, umur santri, bimbingan Asatidz/Asatidzah, dan kharisma pengasuh. Faktor penghambat, jarak lingkungan pesantren, prilaku santri, dan tidak ada kantor Rois Aam. dan (7) Hasil dari manajemen organisasi santri Al-Falah II secara kuantitatif santri menjadi banyak dan secara kualitatif organisasi berjalan dengan efektif dan efesien. Hal itu dapat dilihat dari setiap kegiatan-kegiatan yang selalu diikuti oleh pengurus Kabinet Rois Aam dan para santri, interaksi para pengurus dan santri dibangun lebih baik untuk mewujudkan tujuan organisasi santri Al-Falah II

The Contagious Nature of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and Vaccine Efficacy

Background: Since the first COVID-19 outbreak, variants of SARS-CoV-2 have continued to dominate the global population. The repeated waves of emerging variants, each replacing the previous one with a greater rate of transmissibility and mutations, are the primary cause of the global pandemic. Public health concerns dramatically rose when a highly mutated variant (VOC) omicron (B.1.1.529) emerged in late 2021. omicron has more than 50 mutations, and over 30 mutations are in their spike protein that contributes to the virologic characteristics of the variant. Omicron is more contagious than previously reported SARS-CoV-2 strains and can re-infect people who have already contracted other SARS-CoV-2 infections. The variant has acquired a unique immune escape mechanism against monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. Currently, no therapeutic drug or vaccine is specifically available to prevent omicron infection and sublineage emergence. Method: The review was designed to search the recent research and literature and compile the most pertinent data on the virologic characteristics of the variant of concern. Result: The study reviewed and discussed the present prevalence, infectivity, dominance, immune evasion, therapeutic options, vaccine efficacy, and the future prospect of the omicron variant. Conclusion: Omicron variant has become a global public health concern due to the emergence of highly mutated sublineages. Developing variant-specific therapeutic drugs or vaccines is desirable to prevent the spread of these contagious variants globally.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Omicron variant, Vaccine efficacy, Immune evasion

Hierarchical Assemblies of Carbon Nanotubes for Ultraflexible Li-Ion Batteries.

The flexible batteries that are needed to power flexible circuits and displays remain challenging, despite considerable progress in the fabrication of such devices. Here, it is shown that flexible batteries can be fabricated using arrays of carbon nanotube microstructures, which decouple stress from the energy-storage material. It is found that this battery architecture imparts exceptional flexibility (radius ≈ 300 μm), high rate (20 A g(-1) ), and excellent cycling stability.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant ID: EP/L025531/1)This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.20160091